胃癌rasP21和nm23基因表达联合检测意义研究

目的总结胃癌组织中rasP21和nm23基因表达联合检测与临床病理学因素及预后的关系.方法60例福尔马林固定,石蜡包埋的胃癌切除标本,采用免疫组织化学方法(SP法)检测基因表达.结果rasP21和nm23表达的分布根据肿瘤大体类型而不同,而且这些基因的表达方式与预后相关--nm23单独表达影响预后,而rasP21和nm23基因一定程度的联合表达可以延长生存期.结论研究提示在rasP21和nm23基因之间有一种相互作用,分析两者的相互关系,将有助于判定胃癌患者的预后.     

恶性肿瘤局部淋巴结树突状细胞免疫组化研究

本文采用S-100蛋白为免疫学标记，对34例恶性肿瘤局部淋巴结内树突状细胞进行免疫组化定量研究。结果按S-100蛋白阳性细胞数目多少分为增多（7例）、减少（20例）及正常（7例）3组，统计学分析增多组均值（164.4个/mm^2)明显高于对照组（58.3个/mm^2)；减少组均值（16.5个/mm^2)组显低于对照组；而正常组均值（69.8个/mm^2)与对照组无显著差异。     

PCNA在颌面部血管瘤组织中表达的意义

目的：通过细胞增殖核抗原PCNA的表达探讨颌面部血管瘤血管内皮细胞增生机制。方法：采用免疫组化SP法对54例颌面部血管瘤组织PCNA的表达进行检测，分析其与血管瘤分型、分期的关系。结果：PCNA仅表达于毛细血管瘤中，且在它的三个不同发展阶段表达有所不同，增殖期表达最高，退化期次之，退化完成期表达最低，三者之间差异有显著性（P＜0．01）。结论：毛细血管瘤以血管内皮细胞增殖为特征，PCNA可作为划分毛细血管瘤不同发展阶段的可靠指标。     

中枢性神经细胞瘤：17例临床病理分析

背景与目的：中枢性神经瘤是少见的中枢神经系统肿瘤。为了提高对该病的认识、减少误诊率．我们结合文献复习，对患者的临床症状、影像学、病理改变及预后进行了研究讨论。方法：复习中国人民解放军总医院1970-2000年收治的中枢性神经瘤病例共17例，对患者的临床症状、影像学、病理改变及预后进行了回顾性研究。结果：中枢性神经细胞瘤发病率占同期原发性中枢神经系统肿瘤的0．14％。患者男10例，女7例．年龄从11岁-51岁不等，平均年龄32．7岁。肿瘤均位于脑室系统，7例位于透明隔位于侧脑室及三脑室者各5例。手术全部切除7例，部分切除10例，术后放疗者9例。9例进行了长期随访无复发迹象。另外，17例行免疫组化及2例行电镜检查，显示肿瘤呈神经元分化，仅4例局部表达GFAP；所有病例均无恶性组织学迹象，4例已做Ki-67免疫组化的阳性细胞〈2％。结论：综合上述及结合文献我们认为大多数中枢性神经细胞瘤是预后良好的肿瘤，部分预后较差，增加GFAP的阳性表达、细胞增殖指数的增加以及血管的增生可能提示较差的预后。手术切除为治疗该肿瘤的较好方法。对部分切除的病例、组织学呈间变改变的病例（细胞的异形性、核分裂像增加、血管内皮细胞增生及坏死）以及增殖指数增加者应辅以放疗。     

Solid and Cystic Tumor of the Pancreas in an Adult Male

A solid and cystic tumor (SCT) was located at the head of the pancreas in a 43-year-old Japanese male, and pancreatoduodenectomy was performed on the suspicion of papillary carcinoma or cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas. The lesion, which measured 4.5 X 4.5 X 4.0 cm, was clearly demarcated by connective tissue. The cut surface showed solid grayish-white areas with central cystic degenerative changes. The solid areas consisted of small round cells proliferating in a small solid or a pseudopapillary pattern. The tumor cells partially invaded the surrounding normal pancreatic parenchyma. Immunohistochemical studies revealed positive staining for alpha-1-antitrypsin and neuron-specific enolase, but no staining for known pancreatic hormones. Moreover, ultrastructural studies showed the absence of zymogen granules and the presence of anullate lamellae and neurosecretory granules. On the basis of these findings, a diagnosis of SCT of the pancreas was established. In order to clarify the histogenesis and biological behavior of the tumor, it is necessary to accumulate and analyze similar cases, an endeavor which in turn will contribute to the successful management of this disease. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 763-770, 1991.     

Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma: ultrastructural and immunohistochemical evidence of neuroectodermal origin

The authors report a case of sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma in a 37-year-old man, which was located in the anterior skull base and extended to the right nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The tumor was surgically resected twice, but it could not be removed completely. Microscopically, it was mainly composed of primitive cell nests within a moderately cellular stroma. The components of squamous cell epithelia with focal teratoid appearance and adenocarcinomatous differentiation were observed. There were many rhabdomyoblasts scattered in the nests and stroma. Ultrastructurally, the primitive cells had many neural processes with parallel microtubules, resembling olfactory neuroblastoma. Rhabdomyoblasts showed various degrees of skeletal muscle differentiation. Some of the stromal spindle cells had actin filaments with dense patches and dense core granules. Immunohistochemically, the primitive cells were positive for epithelial markers, neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, and myogenic regulatory proteins. The rhabdomyoblasts showed immunoreactivity for myoid markers, cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and synaptophysin. Most of the stromal spindle cells were positive for smooth muscle actin, neuron-specific enolase and synaptophysin. The immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings suggest that primitive cells had the most primitive phenotype of placodes, and support the possibility that sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma is essentially a neuroectodermal tumor with divergent differentiation.     

软组织肉瘤免疫组织化学研究的意义

本文旨在研究免疫组织化学在软组织肉瘤诊断、鉴别诊断的意义。判断肿瘤增生程度及预防 ,进展及治疗前景。     

氧化苦参碱对小鼠免疫性肝纤维化作用机制的研究

目的 研究氧化苦参碱对小鼠免疫性肝纤维化的作用机制。方法 将BABL/c 小鼠随机分成正常对照组、阳性对照组、氧化苦参碱小剂量、大剂量治疗组,阳性对照组和氧化苦参碱治疗组每周静脉注射1次刀豆蛋白A,共20周。氧化苦参碱治疗组分别腹腔注射氧化苦参碱30mg/kg、60mg/kg。共20周。分别于注射刀豆蛋白A后5、12和20周取血低温保存;并每次处死一批小鼠取肝脏组织液氮低温保存、常规HE染色、Van Gieson胶原纤维染色,冰冻切片CD4,CD8T淋巴细胞染色。图像分析系统定量分析肝纤维组织含量。结果 氧化苦参碱治疗组血清ALT含量及肝组织内炎症活动度、纤维含量均低于阳性对照组,而且呈剂量依赖性。结论 氧化苦参碱有减轻小鼠肝脏炎症活动度及抗小鼠免疫性肝纤维化的作用。