Clinical profile of ankylosing spondylitis patients in Togo

Aim of the workTo determine the clinical characteristics of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in rheumatology wards in Togo. Patients and methods: The medical records of AS patients in four rheumatology wards in Togo were recorded from January 2000 to December 2019. Results: The study included 37 AS cases out of 35,304 rheumatic diseases patients’ files that were investigated over the preceding 20 years; accounting for 0.1% of hospital cases. Male predominance was noticed with a M:F ratio of 4.3. The mean age at disease onset was 29.6 ± 10.3 years and the mean duration of the symptoms was 9.5 ± 9.2 years. The clinical findings were dominated by spinal pain (91.9%). The main peripheral joints involvements were knees (48.6%) and ankles (35.1%) and the most frequent extra-articular features were ocular with conjunctivitis (13.5%) and uveitis (8.1%) respectively. Plain radiographs of the spine revealed syndesmophytes (45.9%) with bony ankylosis and bamboo spine (21.6%); and that of the pelvis showed sacroiliitis in 89.2%. The human leucocytic antigen (HLA B27) was positive in four cases. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and sulfasalazine were the most commonly used drugs, respectively in 89.2% and 67.6% of patients. One patient was receiving biologic therapy. Conclusion: Ankylosing spondylitis is relatively rare in Togo. There is no particularity in the clinical features or imaging and laboratory findings. The diagnostic delay reflects the importance of the plain radiograph structural changes. NSAIDs and disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are the cornerstone of the treatment due to their accessibility in Togo.     

负载IL-4及BMP-2的氧化石墨烯-羧甲基壳聚糖凝胶对骨免疫和骨修复的早期影响研究

目的探讨负载 IL-4 和 BMP-2 的氧化石墨烯（graphene oxide，GO）-羧甲基壳聚糖（carboxymethyl chitosan，CMC）凝胶诱导巨噬细胞 M2 型分化及对 BMSCs 成骨分化的影响。方法取 CMC、GO 制备混合溶液后，分别添加 PBS、IL-4、BMP-2 或 IL-4+BMP-2，在交联剂作用下制备单纯或负载不同因子的 GO-CMC 凝胶支架；取单纯 GO-CMC 凝胶表征观测，包括大体、扫描电镜及傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱仪（Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy，FTIR）检测，以单纯 CMC 凝胶作为对照；取负载不同因子的 GO-CMC 凝胶行体外缓释实验。取 4～5 周龄 SPF 级 SD 雌性大鼠分离培养巨噬细胞，分别与单纯以及负载不同因子的 GO-CMC 凝胶培养，24 h 后行 CD206 免疫荧光检测巨噬细胞分化情况；取第 3 代大鼠 BMSCs 分别与单纯以及负载不同因子的 GO-CMC 凝胶成骨诱导培养，10 d 后行 ALP 染色观测早期成骨，21 d 行茜素红染色观测晚期成骨。结果大体观察 GO-CMC 凝胶呈棕色、半透明状；扫描电镜观察示，GO-CMC 凝胶孔径及孔壁厚度与单纯 CMC 凝胶相似，但内壁粗糙度增加；FTIR 检测显示 CMC 发生聚合形成凝胶。体外缓释实验示 3 种负载不同因子的 GO-CMC 凝胶缓释性能相似，均呈线性缓慢释放因子。CD206 免疫荧光检测示 GO-CMC 凝胶可诱导巨噬细胞 M2 型分化，ALP 及茜素红染色示 GO-CMC 凝胶可诱导 BMSCs 成骨分化；其中负载 IL-4+BMP-2 的 GO-CMC 凝胶作用最显著（P<0.05）。 结论负载 IL-4 和 BMP-2 的 GO-CMC 凝胶可诱导巨噬细胞 M2 型分化，增强 BMSCs 成骨分化能力，为后期骨缺损修复及骨免疫调节研究提供了新的策略。     

P27kipl 在胃癌与癌旁粘膜中的表达及意义

目的：探讨P27kipl在胃癌及癌旁粘膜中的表达情况及其意义。方法：应用免疫组化技术（S－P法）检测了P27kipl在75例胃癌及癌旁粘膜中的表达，结果：P27kipl在胃癌中的阳性表达率为45．3％，在癌旁粘膜中随着不典型增生级数增高其表达强度明显减弱。P27kipl的表达与胃癌的浸润深度（P＜0．05），淋巴结转移（P＜0．05）、分化程度（P＜0．05）及临床病理分期（P＜0．05）显相关，而与肿瘤大小、部位无关。结论P27kipl有癌中的低表达反映了其恶性进展，是一个有价值的预后因子。     

热休克蛋白90对大鼠缺氧心肌细胞丝氨酸苏氨酸蛋白激酶表达的影响

目的探讨内源性热休克蛋白90（HSP90）在缺氧心肌细胞丝氨酸苏氨酸蛋白激酶（AKT）相关信号通路中的作用。方法建立新生Wistar大鼠心肌细胞缺氧模型，将细胞分为正常组、缺氧组、加入HSP90特异性阻断剂格尔德霉素后再缺氧组（格尔德霉素＋缺氧组）。于缺氧后1、3、6、12、24、48h用噻唑蓝法检测心肌细胞的活力；缺氧24h，原位缺口末端标记法检测心肌细胞凋亡指数（AI）；缺氧1、3、6、12、24h，蛋白质印迹法检测大鼠心肌细胞中内源性HSP90及AKT表达水平。结果（1）缺氧24、48h，缺氧组、格尔德霉素＋缺氧组细胞活力均较正常组明显下降（P〈0．05）；格尔德霉素＋缺氧组细胞活力缺氧12h即开始明显下降，缺氧48h时明显低于缺氧组（P〈0．05）。（2）缺氧24h，缺氧组细胞AI为（10．7±1．2）％，明显高于正常组[（1．9±0．3）％．P〈0．05]；格尔德霉素＋缺氧组细胞AI为（26、3±5．3）％，明显高于缺氧组（P〈0．01）。（3）缺氧12h，缺氧组心肌细胞内源性HSP90及AKT表达水平高于正常组与格尔德霉素＋缺氧组；缺氧24h，缺氧组有所下降．格尔德霉素＋缺氧组则下降更明显。结论内源性HSP90对维持心肌细胞的活力有重要作用．缺氧心肌细胞AKT表达水平可受内源性HSP90表达水平的影响。     

HLA-B*27 subtyping by PCR-RFLP in Spanish patients with ankylosing spondyiitis

Abstract: We describe the use of restriction analysis on PCR-amplified DNA for detecting all B*27 subtypes except B*2710 and B*2711 (i.e. from B*2701 to B*2709). After detecting B*27 by Sty I, double digestions consisting of Sty I plus another informative enzyme led to subtype assignment. We used mismatched primers to create restriction sites when necessary. The method avoids group-specific amplifications and other laborious optimization procedures. It was successfully tested on a panel of well characterized cell lines covering different B*27 subtypes. Then, we studied a group of 57 ankylosing spondyiitis patients and 746 controls from the south of Spain. B*27 showed a very strong association with the disease (OR=211.27, P=\0˜7). B*2702 and B*2705 distribution in controls (20% and 77.1%, respectively) differed from previously reported data in the Spanish population. We unexpectedly found the B*2707 allele in our population (one control).     

Induction of HSP72 in Rat Liver by Chronic Ethanol Consumption Combined with Exercise: Association with the Prevention of Ethanol-Induced Fatty Liver by Exercise

Ethanol-induced fatty liver in rats was attenuated by repeated running exercise, and the protective effect of exercise was associated with the synergistic expression of heat shock proteins (HSP72). Rats were placed in four groups of six. The two ethanol-fed groups of rats received a liquid diet (Lieber-DeCarli formulation) in which 36% of the calories were derived from ethanol. One group remained sedentary (S/E), whereas the other was trained to run on a rodent treadmill at a speed of 27 m/min, 1 hr/day, 5 days/week, for 7 weeks (R/E). Two other groups–one exercised as previously mentioned (R/C) and one sedentary (S/C)–received control-liquid diets in which the ethanol was isocalorically substituted with a dextran/maltose mixture. The degree of fatty infiltration in liver sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin was graded on a 0–4 scale and the data analyzed by ANOVA on ranks. Ethanol significantly induced fatty infiltration in the S/E group, whereas fatty infiltration in the livers of the R/E group was not different from the S/C group. Electrophoresis and Western blotting of liver homogenates demonstrated that HSP72 was not expressed in either the S/C or S/E groups and was only slightly expressed in the R/C group. The combination of exercise and ethanol, however, resulted in an elevated expression of HSP72 in the R/E group. The content of HSP73 was unaffected by any treatment.     

HLA-B_(27)与急性前葡萄膜炎相关性的临床研究

目的 :应用SSP PCR(Sequencespecialprime polymerasechainreaction)基因检定技术对急性前葡萄膜炎 (a cuteanterioruveitis ,AAU)患者HLA B2 7基因进行检测 ,并且对HLA B2 7阳性与阴性患者临床特征加以分析。方法 :采用SSP PCR基因检定技术检测 98例AAU患者及 82例正常人样本的HLA B2 7基因。并对HLA B2 7阳性与阴性患者临床特征进行观察。结果 :98例AAU患者样本中有 5 7例样本呈HLA B2 7阳性 ,82例正常人样本有 4例样本呈HLA B2 7阳性 ,阳性率分别为 5 8.2 %和 4 .9%。经 χ2 检验 ,χ2 =4 1.33,P <0 .0 0 5 ,二组间有显著差异。HLA B2 7阳性患者多见于男性 ,单眼多见 ,粉尘状KP ,发病时视力下降明显 ,易于复发 ,且并发症少为其特征 ,激素治疗效果佳。结论 :采用SSP PCR基因检定技术测定HLA B2 7快速、简单、准确性高、客观性强 ,值得推广和应用。HLA B2 7与急性前葡萄膜炎有着高度相关性。HLA B2 7阳性患者与阴性患者在临床特征上有着一定程度的差异。