康泉合用地塞米松控制化疗所致的胃肠道反应

目的：比较康泉及康泉合用地塞米松预防急性白血病化疗所致的胃肠道反应的效果。方法：在同一方案的不同疗程，分别单用康泉或康泉合用地塞米松，随机对照，共观察１１０疗程。结果：康泉及康泉合用地塞米松对预防化疗所致急性呕吐有效率分别为６９．５％和９５．１％，有明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）；对于迟发性呕吐两组的有效率分别为７４．５５５％和９１．８３％，亦有明显差异。结论：康泉和地塞米松合用对控制急性和迟发性恶性呕吐优于康泉单用     

四类新药盐酸栈拉司琼注射液预防抗肿瘤药物所致呕吐的Ⅱ期临床观察

目的在肿瘤的治疗中化疗药物所引起的恶心、呕吐是极为常见的,通过对盐酸格拉司琼注射液预防肿瘤化疗所致呕吐的Ⅱ期临床研究,探讨该药的止吐疗效及毒性反应.方法对31例病人的观察,采用自身对照新药盐酸格拉司琼与恩丹西酮预防抗肿瘤药物(DDP及蒽环类药物)所致呕吐进行比较.结果格拉司琼对强致吐剂顺铂所引起的呕吐其总的缓解率＞90%,恩丹西酮对顺铂引起的呕吐其缓解率＞85%.两止吐药毒性反应主要为便秘,恩丹西酮致便秘发生率高达41%,而格拉司琼所致便秘发生率为16%.结论两药预防呕吐的疗效相当,但格拉司琼的副反应明显低于恩丹西酮     

国产四类新药盐酸格拉司琼注射液与恩丹西酮预防化疗引起的恶心和呕吐的疗效比较

目的 验证国产盐酸格拉司琼注射预防恶性肿瘤患者化疗所致恶心与呕吐的有效性和安全性。方法 对６９例接受以顺铂为主化疗和４０例接受以蒽环类抗肿瘤药为主化疗的恶性肿瘤患者,采用前瞻性多中心随机对照试验,比较国产格拉司琼和国产上市恩丹西酮预防化疗所致恶心与呕吐的疗效和不良反应。结果 格拉司琼和恩丹西酮对预防强致吐和中度致叶化疗药物所致的急性和迟发性恶心与呕吐的疗效基本相同;不良反应变基本相似,以便秘、疲倦     

The antiemetic activity of granisetron against cytostatic-treatment-induced emesis in 10- to 13-week-old ferrets

The antiemetic activity of granisetron was examined in ferrets aged 10–13 weeks. Emesis was induced by exposure to either whole-body X-irradiation (50 Gy over 10.4 min) or cyclophosphamide (80 mg/kg i.v.) plus doxorubicin (6 mg/kg i.v.). Following exposure to whole-body X-irradiation, the young ferrets vomited with a similar latency to vomit and severity of emesis to that shown by adult animals. Granisetron (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) significantly reduced (P0.05) the number of vomits and retches and two out of four animals were completely protected. Following injection of cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin, the young ferrets showed a reduced emetic, response compared to adult animals. Following a dose of granisetron (0.5 mg/kg i.v.), only one out of four ferrets vomited compared to four out of four in the control group. Further experiments showed that cisplatin (12.5 mg/kg i.v.) was unable to induce vomiting in the young ferret (n=2). Granisetron (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) was well tolerated by the young ferret and was able to reduce significantly or completely abolish emesis induced by cytostatic treatment. The data support the use of granisetron in pediatric patients and clinical trials are currently underway in this patient population.Abbreviation 5-HT₃ receptor 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor     

格拉司琼对术后PCIA曲马多镇痛疗效的影响

目的:观察格拉司琼对术后PCIA曲马多镇痛疗效的影响.方法:90例择期上腹部手术且接受术后曲马多静脉自控镇痛病人,ASA Ⅰ级～Ⅱ级,随机分为三组,每组30例,P组,生理盐水对照组:M组,胃复安组;G组,格拉司琼组.观察各组术后4小时、8小时、12小时、24小时的视觉模氦评分(VAS)、曲马多用量及镇静评分等不良反应.结果:术后4小时、8小时G组VAS高于P、M组(P＜0.05);术后8小时、12小时、24小时,G组的曲马多累计用量高于P、M组(P＜0.05).但G组对恶j(七)呕吐的防治作用优于P、M组(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).三组间镇静评分差异无显著意义.结论:格拉司琼会降低术后曲马多静脉自控镇静的效果.     

The neuroprotective effect of tropisetron on vincristine-induced neurotoxicity

Vincristine (VCR) peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting side effect. Several studies have shown that tropisetron, a 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist, exerts anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Current study was designed to investigate a suppressive effect of tropisetron on VCR-induced neuropathy and whether this effect exerts through the 5-HT₃ receptor or not.Neuropathy was induced in rats by administration of vincristine (0.5 mg/kg, 3 intraperitoneal injections on alternate days) and in treatment group, tropisetron (3 mg/kg); m-chlorophenylbiguanide (mCPBG), a selective 5-HT₃ receptor agonist (15 mg/kg); tropisetron (3 mg/kg) plus mCPBG (15 mg/kg); granisetron, another selective 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist (3 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally 1 h prior to vincristine injection. Hot plate, open field tests (total distance moved, mean velocity and percentage of total duration of the movement) and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) were performed to evaluate the sensory and motor neuropathy. Further, plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) and the level of TNF-α in sciatic nerve were assessed as well as histological examination.In only VCR-treated rats hot plate latencies were significantly increased, total distance moved, mean velocity, total duration of the movement and sciatic MNCV significantly decreased compared with control. In tropisetron and tropisetron plus mCPBG groups, one injection of tropisetron prior to each VCR injection robustly diminished TNF-α and IL-2 levels, and also prevented mixed sensory-motor neuropathy, as indicated by less mortality rate, better general conditions, behavioral and electrophysiological studies. Moreover, pathological evidence confirmed the results obtained from other findings. But granisetron and mCPBG had no significant effect on the mentioned parameters.In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that tropisetron significantly suppressed VCR-induced neuropathy and could be a neuroprotective agent for prevention of VCR-induced neuropathy via a receptor-independent pathway.     

昂丹司琼、格拉司琼和帕洛诺司琼预防食管癌术后化疗所致恶心、呕吐的效果观察

目的 比较昂丹司琼、格拉司琼和帕洛诺司琼预防食管癌术后化疗所致恶心、呕吐的临床效果及安全性.方法 将60例食管癌术后患者随机分为昂丹司琼组、格拉司琼组和帕洛诺司琼组,各20例,均行顺铂等药物化疗,并分别给予昂丹司琼、格拉司琼和帕洛诺司琼预防恶心、呕吐反应;观察3组患者恶心、呕吐的控制效果及不良反应.结果 昂丹司琼组、格拉司琼组和帕洛诺司琼组患者恶心、呕吐控制急性期有效率分别为55％、60％、75％,帕洛诺司琼组与其他两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;延迟期有效率分别为40％、45％、75％,帕洛诺司琼组与其他两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 帕洛诺司琼预防化疗所致恶心、呕吐效果较昂丹司琼、格拉司琼更优,安全性相似,且临床应用方便.     

格拉司琼联合地塞米松防治顺铂所致呕吐的疗效观察

目的 观察格拉司琼联合地塞米松防治顺铂所致呕吐的疗效.方法 回顾性分析格拉司琼防联合地塞米松防治顺铂所致急性与迟发性呕吐疗效以及副反应.结果 格拉司琼联合地塞米松防治顺铂所致急性、迟缓性呕吐的有效控制率分别为90%、78%,完全控制率为76%、68%,发生1-2级常见副反应分别为便秘、厌食、腹胀、焦虑、失眠,几率分别为48%、42%、36%、40%、26%,未见3级以上副反应.结论 格拉司琼联合地塞米松防治顺铂所致的急性与迟发性呕吐均具有较好的临床效果,但有一些副反应,更加有效、副反应更小的止吐方案有待进一步研究.