填髓益脑法对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的观察填髓益脑法对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤后脑组织的保护作用。方法雄性成年SD大鼠40只随机分为假手术组、造模组、通络组、填髓益脑组。线栓法制作大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型。填髓益脑组、通络组均采用相应药物灌胃，假手术组和造模组以等量生理盐水灌胃。观察再灌注24h时神经行为学评分，检测NO、GLU及SOD。结果造模组神经行为学评分明显高于填髓益脑组与通络组，填髓益脑组与通络组相近：填髓益脑组与通络组NO、GLU、SOD较之造模组有明显差异。结论填髓益脑法对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤有明显的保护作用，其效果与通络法相同。其作用机制可能是通过阻止脑组织SOD活性降低、减少GLU的释放、降低NO含量而发挥神经保护作用。     

糖化血清蛋白测定对糖尿病监控临床意义的探讨

目的：对临床确诊糖尿病患同时测定血清葡萄糖(Glu)及糖化血清蛋白(GSP)的含量，观察二的关系，以及糖化血清蛋白水平对于评价近期(2—3周)糖尿病患血糖在体内变化的临床意义进行了观察。方法：血清葡萄糖、糖化血清蛋白测定均采用酶法测定。结果：178例糖尿病患Glu、GSP均正常3l例占17．4％；Glu、GSP均增高107例占60．1％；Glu正常、GSP增高15例占8．43％；Glu增高、GSP正常25例占14％。结论：糖化血清蛋白的含量不受即时血糖的影响，二的变化不成比例性，对评价糖尿病患2～3周病情的控制是一项灵敏可靠的指标，尤其对于住院病人的治疗与监控有一定的意义。     

Two generation reproduction and teratogenicity studies of feeding cyadox in Wistar rats

To investigate the teratogenic potential and reproductive toxicity of cyadox, a growth promoting agent, Wistar rats (F₀) were fed with diets containing cyadox (0, 50, 150 and 2500 mg/kg) or olaquindox (150 mg/kg), approximately equivalent to cyadox 5, 15, 250 or olaquindox 15 mg/kg b.w./day across two generations. Half of the pregnant rats (F₀, F_1b) were subjected to caesarean section on gestational day 20 for teratogenic examination and the other half produced pups F_1a and F_2a, respectively. At the 250 mg/kg b.w./day cyadox group, body weights of F_1b pregnant rats and F_2a on day 21 after birth decreased; fetal body lengths and tail lengths decreased; the number of fetal resorptions increased significantly; litter weights, number of viable fetuses decreased; number of embryo resorptions increased significantly; number of liveborn F_1a, F_1b and F_2a decreased. No macroscopic or microscopic change of any significance was found in the reproductive organs. Significant increases in the incidence of cervial ribs or lumbar ribs in F_2a pups and significant increases of relative organ weight of testis and epididymis in F_1b were observed at the 250 mg/kg b.w./day cyadox group. The NOAEL for reproduction/development of cyadox for rats was estimated to be 150 mg/kg diet, which was equivalent to approximately 15 mg/kg b.w./day.     

迷走神经刺激对戊四氮癫痫大鼠海马区γ-GABA、Glu和脑电变化

目的 观察VNS对正常大鼠和戊四氮(PTZ)致癫痫大鼠的脑电图的影响,以及测定海马区GABA,GLU的变化.进一步探讨迷走神经刺激(VNS)的抗癫痫机制.方法 随机分为对照组、刺激A组、刺激B1组、刺激B2组、刺激B3组、刺激C组,各10只.分别观察脑电图和测定海马GABA、GLU的变化.结果 VNS可明显延长致病大鼠癫痫发作和痫波释放的潜伏期(P<0.05),减轻癫痫发作的严重程度,并能抑制皮层及海马癫痫波的释放,VNS对正常人鼠脑电图无影响.刺激各组海马GABA升高,GLU下降,组与组之间有明显差异P<0.05.结论 VNS可明显抑制PTZ诱导的大鼠癫痫.     

帕金森病伴情绪障碍患者证素分布及神经递质特征初探

[目的] 分析帕金森病（PD）伴情绪障碍患者的证素分布特征,初步探究PD伴情绪障碍患者的脑内神经递质特征。[方法] 选择2016年1—12月就诊于本院脑病科门诊的41例PD患者,按照情绪障碍诊断标准分为PD伴情绪障碍组与PD非情绪障碍组,对纳入患者进行一般情况、中医四诊信息、汉密尔顿抑郁量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表的测评,并对其中可配合脑电超慢涨落分析的27例PD患者进行神经递质检测。[结果] PD伴情绪障碍组心神、气滞出现频次明显高于PD非情绪障碍组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;PD伴情绪障碍组心神、心、肝、热、气滞、阳亢、阴虚的分值明显高于PD非情绪障碍组,两组间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。PD伴情绪障碍组与PD非情绪障碍组相比,谷氨酸（GLU）的测定值较高,5-羟色胺（5-HT）、乙酰胆碱（ACH）的测定值较低,两组间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。[结论] PD伴情绪障碍患者可在治疗帕金森病的基础上佐以养心安神,理气通滞之品。GLU的升高,5-HT、ACH的降低可能为PD患者发生情绪障碍的神经生化基础。     

Acute and subchronic oral toxicity assessment of the herbal formula Kai-Xin-San

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Kai-Xin-San (KXS) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula. It has been used in the treatment of diseases including neurasthenia, Alzheimer's disease and neurosis.

Aim of the study

To provide information on the potential toxicity of KXS, we evaluated the acute and subchronic toxicity in rodents.

Materials and methods

In acute study, a single administration of KXS was given orally to mice at doses ranging from 19.67 to 60.04 g/kg. In the sub-chronic oral toxicity study, KXS was administered to rats at 0, 1, 3 and 9 g/kg for 13 weeks. Moreover, 30 days of post treatment (withdrawal study) was conducted. Mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes, food and water consumption, haematological and biochemical parameters, gross findings and organ weights were monitored during the study period.

Results

In the sub-chronic study in rats, daily oral administration of KXS at the dose of 9 g/kg/day result in significant increase in WBC, lymphocyte, alkaline phosphatase, blood sugar and significant decrease in bodyweight, serum Cre, CK and CHO at the last week of treatment. Recovery except for the body weight was observed after 30 days of post treatment.

Conclusions

KXS is relatively safe for oral medication. The LD₅₀ of KXS was over 32.59 g/kg for mice. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) was considered to be 19.67 g/kg/day for rats.     

滋阴清热生津法对糖尿病动物模型的干预研究

目的：观察滋阴清热生津法对糖尿病动物模型的干预研究。方法：采用SD大鼠分别灌胃给药,Alx复制出糖尿病动物模型,比较各组大鼠体质量,检测血清GLU、INS水平。结果：采用滋阴清热生津法可显著降低模型动物血清GLU水平,对模型动物体质量下降有拮抗作用,与模型组相比差异均具有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。提高模型大鼠血清Ins水平,但无统计学意义。结论：滋阴清热生津法对糖尿病模型动物血清GLU高水平和体质量下降具有拮抗作用,对模型大鼠血清Ins水平具有升高趋势。     

Oral toxicological studies of black soybean (Glycine max) hull extract: Acute studies in rats and mice, and chronic studies in mice

Black soybean (Glycine max) has been used for traditional medicine and food in Asian countries, but safety of its hull has not been studied. We conducted acute and chronic oral toxicity studies. For the acute study, an extract of black soybean hull (BE; 2.5 g/kg body weight) was administered singly by intragastric intubation to Sprague–Dawley rats and C57BL/6 mice. There was no death or significant decrease in body weight in rats and mice, and the oral LD₅₀ of BE was >2.5 g/kg body weight. In the chronic study, BE was administered at dietary levels of 0% (control), 2.0%, and 5.0% to male and female C57BL/6 mice for 26 weeks. No mortality or toxicologically significant clinical changes were observed through the experimental period. Although body weights, as well as abdominal fat, blood levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol in 5.0% males were significantly lower than that in control and 2.0% groups, these changes were considered not to be adverse. Hematology and histopathological observation revealed no toxicologically significant changes. The no-observed adverse-effect-level of BE was estimated to be 5.0% in the diet (5074.1 mg/kg body weight/day for males and 7617.9 mg/kg body weight/day for females).     

CEA、NSE、CY21-1、GLU在结核性、恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断中的意义

目的探讨癌胚抗原（CEA）、神经特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、细胞角蛋白19片断（CY21-1）、葡萄糖（GLU）在结核性和恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断中的价值。方法用电化学发光免疫分析法定量测定42例肺癌伴胸腔积液（恶性）和54例结核性胸腔积液（良性）患者胸腔积液中CEA、NSE、CY21-1、GLU含量。结果恶性胸腔积液组CEA、NSE、CY21-1、GLU均明显高于结核性胸腔积液组（P〈0.05）。CEA、NSE、CY21-1敏感性分别为64.3%、26.2%、57%,特异性分别为94.4%、94.4%、80.4%;三项联合检测的敏感性为90.5%,特异性83.3%。结论联合检测胸腔积液中CEA、NSE、CY21-1、GLU的含量对结核性和恶性胸腔积液的诊断和鉴别诊断有一定的价值。     

胰岛素抵抗与非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病合并高血压关系的研究

该文研究了胰岛素抵抗与非胰岛素依赖型（NIDDM）合并高血压的关系。该文测定了48例NIDDM患者（NIDDM合并高血压者16例，血压正常的NIDDM者32例）的OGTT和IRT，并计算了SINS／SGLU和胰岛素敏感性新指数。结果表明两级间各时相血糖无明显差异（P＞0．05），但空腹及糖负荷后胰岛素值在NIDDM合并高血压组显著高于血压正常组（P＜0.05）。两级SGLU无显著差异，但SINS和SINS／SGLU在高血压组显著高于NIDDM血压正常组（153．65±13．6比67．45±20．5．2．57±1．53比1．58±1．60，P均＜0．05）。胰岛素敏感性新指数在正常人为1．0，NIDDM血压正常组为0．58，伴高血压组为0．38.该文认为胰岛素抵抗或高胰岛素血症可能是NIDDM合并高血压患者的主要病因之一，并讨论了其发生机制及防治措施。