女性难治性膀胱过度活动症患者心理弹性及保护性因素研究

目的探讨女性难治性膀胱过度活动症患者心理弹性状况及保护性因素，为改善其身心健康提供依据。方法采用心理弹性量表、症状自评量表、艾森克人格问卷、社会支持量表、焦虑及抑郁量表对80例女性难治性膀胱过度活动症患者进行问卷调查。结果女性难治性膀胱过度活动症患者心理弹性得分为（54.10±8.27）分，显著低于国内常模（P＜0.05）。患者的一般情况（病程、年龄、文化程度）对心理弹性的预测作用不明显（R2=0.14，F=18.10），当社会支持、SCL-90、人格特质、SAS、SDS进入方程后，对患者的心理弹性具有较明显的预测作用（R2=0.67，△R2=0.46，F=115.22）。结论女性难治性膀胱过度活动症患者心理弹性较差，社会支持、SCL-90、人格特质、焦虑抑郁情绪是其重要的影响因素，应重视患者存在的心理问题，发掘心理弹性的保护性因素并积极干预，促进其身心健康。     

利培酮和齐拉西酮对精神分裂症患者血浆细胞因子的影响

目的:研究抗精神病药对精神分裂症患者细胞因子的影响。方法:符合ICD-10精神分裂症诊断的60名患者,随机分为利培酮组(给予利培酮治疗)和齐拉西酮组(给于齐拉西酮治疗),并以健康对照组比较,对患者在治疗前及治疗8周后测量血浆IL-2、IL-6及TNF-α水平,并对患者进行PANSS量表评定。结果:两组患者治疗前后血浆IL-2、IL-6及TNF-α水平与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后血浆IL-2、IL-6及TNF-α水平较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前IL-2水平与PANSS量表阳性症状评分呈正相关(r=0.54,P0.05)治疗后TNF-α与阴性症状分呈显著正相关(r=0.41,P0.05)。结论:精神分裂症患者存在免疫功能异常,利培酮和齐拉西酮可以降低精神分裂症患者细胞因子水平。细胞因子水平与精神病理存在一定相关性。     

Sexual function in patients presenting to a urogynecology practice

The purpose of this study was to evaluate sexual function in women referred to a urogynecology practice. All new patients were mailed an optional female sexual function index (FSFI) in conjunction with their history forms; other sexual function information was obtained during the physician interview. Over 6 months, four hundred fifty new patients were enrolled. Of these, 243 (54%) were not sexually active. Reasons listed for sexual inactivity included partner problems/no partner (32%), low desire (14%), prolapse (10%), and pain (10%). There were several differences between sexually active and non-sexually active participants; however, after a multivariate analysis, only age, marital status, and stage/grade 1–2 of prolapse remained significant. One hundred nine sexually active patients completed the FSFI; the majority was sexually active two to four times per month. Female sexual dysfunction was noted in 70 (64%) patients. Lowest scores were noted for the domain of desire, followed by arousal, orgasm, lubrication, satisfaction, and pain. Reduced frequency of intercourse was the only factor significantly associated with dysfunction. Ninety-four percent were not embarrassed by the survey. Overall, sexual inactivity is common in patients presenting for urogynecologic care. Those that are sexually active report low rates of sexual activity and high rates of sexual dysfunction. Most sexually active patients will accept a sexual function questionnaire as part of their routine assessment.This research was presented at the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists annual clinical meeting, May 10, 2005, San Francisco, CA, USA.     

利培酮治疗首发儿童精神分裂症的临床观察

目的了解利培酮治疗儿童少年期首发精神分裂症或分裂样精神病的临床疗效、安全性和药物剂量。方法用利培酮对62例年龄<14岁的儿童精神分裂症患者治疗8周,采用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)评定疗效,副反应量表(TESS)及实验室相应检查评定安全性及副反应。结果总有效率85%。不良反应主要为锥体外系反应及失眠,平均治疗剂量(3.26±0.88)mg/d。结论利培酮对于首发儿童少年期精神分裂症或分裂样精神病的治疗,用药安全、疗效可靠、副反应小、依从性高。     

老年女性2型糖尿病肾病的骨密度及相关因素分析

2型糖尿病(T2DM)和骨质疏松症的发病率越来越高,它们之间有无关系越来越引起人们的重视,本研究探讨了老年女性2型糖尿病肾病(DN)的骨矿物质密度(BMD)变化与相关因素,报道如下。1对象与方法1.1研究对象按1999年WHO诊断标准确诊为T2DM的≥60岁女性114例,年龄60～75岁,平均(66.3±     

Gender ratio of migraine without aura: observations over time

Abstract Migraine without aura is typically considered a female condition. The purpose of this study was to determine if there have been any changes in the female-to-male ratio of the disease over time. We included in the study all patients with migraine without aura (n=3457) referred to the Parma University Headache Centre between 1976 and 1995. They were divided into subgroups with respect to gender and year-range of onset of migraine (before 1960, in the 1960s, in the 1970s, in the 1980s, and between 1990 and 1995). Gender ratio ranged from 3.6:1 (in patients with onset before 1960) to 2.8:1 (in patients with onset in the 1980s), with no statistically significant changes during the observation period.     

Investigation and treatment of urinary incontinence

Female urinary incontinence is a common but underreported condition. Initial investigation and treatment can in most cases be undertaken without urodynamic or other detailed tests. History by the use of validated symptom and quality of life questionnaires is key to the initial investigation. Initial treatment includes pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) regardless of the type of incontinence; lifestyle interventions and bladder retraining, anticholinergics and serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (e.g. duloxetine) are also included depending on the type of symptoms. In mixed incontinence the predominant symptom should be treated first. When this initial treatment is ineffective, further investigation should be offered prior to specialised treatment. Urodynamics should be considered for all patients prior to surgery. Imaging and cystoscopy to exclude pathology, for example in elderly patients with an overactive bladder, are also necessary. Newer surgical interventions should be offered after careful consideration of the risk:benefit ratio for each individual woman and the amount of evidence that is currently available to support their use.     

性服务工作者性病和艾滋病的干预研究

目的 了解性工作者的性病/艾滋病知识、态度、信念、行为等现状,积极探索对该人群进行预防性病、艾滋病及行为干预的有效办法,为今后在更大范围的高危人群中进行干预提供科学依据.方法 成立专职高危干预队伍,设计借鉴其他地区经验,深入目标人群进行系列外展服务,利用干预前后封闭式调查问卷评价干预效果.结果 发放干预前后问卷各522份,收回前后有效问卷387份.通过外展服务,娱乐场所从业人员对性病史滋病预防知识知晓率明显提高,对安全套及安全性行为预防性病艾滋病的传播的信念和态度有明显转变.结论 对娱乐场所从业人群开展系列专业外展服务可以提高该人群的防病意识,提升对性病史滋痛的知晓率,是高危人群干预的有效方法.     

影响利培酮治疗精神分裂症疗效因素分析

目的　探讨影响利培酮对精神分裂症疗效的关键因素。方法　对 57例单用利培酮治疗的精神分裂症患者 ,采用一系列标准评定工具对 39个临床指标进行定量或半定量评估。并作Logistic回归分析。将治疗后简明精神病评定量表 (BPRS)减分率≥ 30 %者确定为“有效”。结果　单因素分析显示 :服药依从性 ,MMPI中Sc、Si、D因子 ,治疗前BPRS 2和BPRS 4因子 ,TESS 3因子 ,家族史 ,起病形式 ,意识模糊 ,住院时间与利培酮疗效有关 ;经多因素分析有服药依从性 ,MMPI(Sc) ,BPRS 2 ,家族史 ,意识模糊等 5个指标选入回归方程。结论　影响利培酮对精神分裂症疗效的关键因素依次为服药依从性 ,MMPI中精神分裂因子 ,阴性症状 ,家族史及意识模糊