Daily coping moderates the relations between stress and actigraphic sleep: a daily intensive longitudinal study with ecological momentary assessments

BackgroundTheoretical models argue that coping reduces stress responses, yet no studies have tested whether coping moderates the prospective stress effects on sleep in daily life.PurposeThis study tested if coping moderates the stress-sleep association using a daily, intensive longitudinal design across 7–12 days.Methods326 young adults (M_age = 23.24 ± 5.46) reported perceived stress and coping (problem-focused, emotional-approach, and avoidance) every evening between 20:00–02:00, providing over 2400 nights of sleep data and 3000 stress surveys from all participants. Actigraphy and sleep diaries measured total-sleep-time and sleep efficiency. Multilevel models tested the interaction effects of within- and between-person stress and coping on sleep.ResultsWithin-person problem-focused and emotional-approach coping moderated the within-person stress effects on actigraphic total-sleep-time (both p = 0.02); higher stress predicted shorter total-sleep-time only during high use of problem-focused or emotional-approach coping (both p = 0.01). Between-person avoidance moderated the between-person stress effect on actigraphic total-sleep-time (p = 0.04); higher stress predicted shorter total-sleep-time for high avoidance coping (p = 0.02). Within-person emotional-approach coping buffered the between-person stress effect on actigraphic sleep efficiency (p = 0.02); higher stress predicted higher sleep efficiency for high emotional-approach coping (p = 0.04).ConclusionsThis study showed that daily coping moderates the effects of evening stress on sleep that night. More efforts to cope with stress before bedtime had a short-term cost of shorter sleep that night. However, high use of emotional-approach coping buffered the impact of stress to promote sleep efficiency.     

云南阳春砂仁的质量与生态环境关系的探讨

当前云南阳春砂仁产量,占全国总产量的65.5％,商品有左右全国砂仁市场之势。经调查云南产区生态环境较原产区广东阳春县为优,故表现出植株生长较高,果实较大,每室籽粒数较多等性状特征之差,这些差异并非是物种的变异,而是生态环境较好所致。从两地商品中的精油成分和微量元素分析结果也基本一致,认为影响云南阳春砂仁质量的酸味,两地商品均有,并都来源于假种皮,只不过云南商品果实较大,假种皮较厚,总酸含量较高,但是总酸均为无毒副作用的低分子有机酸,不影响砂仁的质量。因此我们认为云南引种区的阳春砂仁质量,与广东原产区的阳春砂仁质量应基本一致。     

聚合酶链反应在鼠疫菌检测中的应用 研究

本文采用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术，通过扩增鼠疫菌９．５ｋｂ质粒ｐｌａ基础上一个４７８ｂｌ片段，用于鼠疫菌检测，被试的４５株鼠疫菌扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析均呈现单一ＤＮＡ带，其分子量大小与预期结果符合。而假结核菌和一株缺６ＭＤ质粒鼠疫菌未见扩增带，洽部实验可在４ｈ内完成。本法具有快速、特异、敏感等优点，可用于不同生态型鼠疫菌的快速诊断和流行病学研究．     

地学与环境研究

对地学与环境科学研究之间的关系进行了描述,说明学习、掌握了地学的基本知识,才能控制和消除环境污染,改善环境质量,维护经济活动的物质基础与生态平衡.     

玉溪市蜚蠊种类构成及生态习性的调查研究

玉溪市共捕获:美洲大蠊、德国小蠊、黑胸大蠊、褐斑大蠊、澳洲大蠊、蔗蠊、斑蠊、小钩口大光蠊、丽郝氏蠊、黄缘拟截尾蠊、云南真地鳖等14种。其中,美洲大蠊为优势种,占83.02％,分布全市;澳洲大蠊、庶蠊、斑蠊虽然分布广,但数量较少;高海拔地区及高级酒店以德国小蠊为优势种;黑胸大蠊分布狭小。蜚蠊的分布与房屋结构、建筑年限及卫生状况有较大关系。全年均有活动,但4—10月为高峰期,平均侵害率为74.55％。平均侵害废为++,夜间活动高峰在21～24点。翌日3点以后明显减少。     

《医疗事故处理条例》对重庆市临床医师的心理影响评价

目的掌握和评价<医疗事故处理条例>(以下简称<条例>)颁布以来重庆市临床医师所面临的心理压力的现状,分析<条例>内容与这种心理压力之间的相关性.方法应用<焦虑自评量表>(SAS)和针对<条例>内容设计的<临床医师心理压力调查问卷>对样本医师群体进行调查.结果 (1)样本群体的SAS平均分高于正常人群及<条例>颁布前医护人员的平均分,差异具有统计学意义;(2)<条例>内容与心理压力之间存在一定的相关性.结论<条例>颁布后给重庆市的临床医师带来了一定的心理压力,管理者应针对这种情况研究为临床医师减压的问题.     

北京市气象因素与霍乱发病关系的生态学研究

目的探讨气象因素与霍乱发病的关系。方法将北京地区1996-2004年霍乱月平均发病数据进行描述性分析，对可能影响霍乱发病的气温、气压、风速、日照时数、降水量等5项研究变量进行单因素相关分析和多元逐步回归分析。结果霍乱的发病与降水、气温呈正相关，与气压呈负相关。结论霍乱发病与降水量有关。     

Combined Ecological Momentary Assessment and Global Positioning System Tracking to Assess Smoking Behavior: A Proof of Concept Study

Objective: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods have provided a rich assessment of the contextual factors associated with a wide range of behaviors including alcohol use, eating, physical activity, and smoking. Despite this rich database, this information has not been linked to specific locations in space. Such location information, which can now be easily acquired from global positioning system (GPS) tracking devices, could provide unique information regarding the space-time distribution of behaviors and new insights into their determinants. In a proof of concept study, we assessed the acceptability and feasibility of acquiring and combining EMA and GPS data from adult smokers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Participants were adults with ADHD who were enrolled in a larger EMA study on smoking and psychiatric symptoms. Among those enrolled in the latter study who were approached to participate (N = 11), 10 consented, provided daily EMA entries, and carried a GPS device with them during a 7-day assessment period to assess aspects of their smoking behavior. Results: The majority of those eligible to participate were willing to carry a GPS device and signed the consent (10 out of 11, 91%). Of the 10 who consented, 7 participants provided EMA entries and carried the GPS device with them daily for at least 70% of the sampling period. Data are presented on the spatial distribution of smoking episodes and ADHD symptoms on a subset of the sample to demonstrate applications of GPS data. Conclusions: We conclude by discussing how EMA and GPS might be used to study the ecology of smoking and make recommendations for future research and analysis.     

TUMOR GEOGRAPHY OF ITALY AND EUROPE: PATTERNS AND CORRELATIONS WITH SOCIOECONOMIC VARIABLES

Explanations for the impact of socioeconomical factors in cancer are often explored but remain largely unresolved. To contribute this issue, we investigated the relationships between socioeconomical indicators and tumor distribution in two large-scale geographic settings: Italy and Europe. The study on Italy was performed at the level of cancer registries geographic units (mainly provinces), whereas the study on Europe was at the level of countries. The tumor data analyzed were the global incidences and the tumor profiles of the areas considered. The modeling of the tumor profiles pointed to a number of associations among tumor types. One of the associations found (namely the aerodigestive tract tumors in males, consistently found both in Italy and Europe) is in agreement with previous evidence, whereas the other associations are still largely unrecognized. Several significant associations between socioeconomical factors and pathology data were found. These results confirmed the impact of the large scale societal differences on cancer distribution. Moreover, this work pointed to a number of more specific and localized associations between cancer and socioeconomic factors; the latter associations should be elucidated through further studies.     

基于消除鄱阳湖生态经济区开发过程中环境保护成长上限的管理对策探讨

2009年鄱阳湖生态经济区开发上升为国家战略,鄱阳湖生态经济区的发展成为江西实现中部崛起的重要举措。但值得关注的是,经济区生态系统的保护、环境问题的改善必须放在重要地位,必须认真分析开发过程中遇到的地表及尘土污染防治差额、水资源污染防治差额、执法效能差额、环境管理与监控差额等环境保护的成长上限问题。为此,笔者根据成长上限的消除原理,提出管理对策。