Heredity in personality disorders — an overview

The concept of personality disorders is based on deviant personality traits in both the DSM-III-R and ICD-10 classifications. A diagnosis of personality disorder can be made reliably with structured interviews. Many individuals are diagnosed with more than one personality disorder, and other mental disorders are often found at the same time. Among the 11 personality disorders in DSM-III-R, only the schizotypal, borderline, and antisocial have been examined to any considerable extent for gene effects. The problems of studying heredity are here demonstrated for borderline and antisocial personality disorders. Recommendations are given as to strategies for further study of heredity in personality disorders.     

Infrared spectroscopy: A new diagnostic tool in Alzheimer disease

Biological markers play an evolving role in the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD). We compare conventional measurements of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau and β-amyloid_1–42 proteins to a novel approach – Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy – a simple technique derived from chemical and physical sciences that characterizes intramolecular bonds. For automatic diagnostic analysis, we developed an artificial neural network (ANN). We examined 71 patients with a clinical diagnosis of AD and 66 controls. β-Amyloid_1–42 was decreased (sensitivity 80% and specificity 78%); tau was elevated (sensitivity 76% and specificity 88%) in CSF of AD patients. The combined tau/β-amyloid_1–42 quotient was able to distinguish healthy from diseased subjects with 99% sensitivity and 86% specificity. The ANN could separate FT-IR spectroscopy data with 88.5% sensitivity and 80% specificity. FT-IR spectroscopy proved to be cost-effective and simple to perform. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity is in the range of CSF tau and β-amyloid_1–42 protein analysis. Larger sample numbers for ANN training and validation could increase diagnostic accuracy and thus prove to be a useful screening tool.     

Association of antiviral prophylaxis and rituximab use with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs): A nationwide cohort study

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a serious complication of solid organ transplantation (SOT). Most PTLD cases are associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. The role of antiviral prophylaxis or rituximab therapy for prevention of PTLD in SOT recipients is controversial. In a nationwide cohort, we assessed the incidence, presentation, and outcome of histologically proven PTLD. We included 4765 patients with a follow-up duration of 23 807 person-years (py). Fifty-seven PTLD cases were identified; 39 (68%) were EBV positive (EBV+ PTLD). Incidence rates for EBV+ PTLD at 1, 2, and 3 years posttransplant were 3.51, 2.24, and 1.75/1000 py and 0.44, 0.25, and 0.29/1000 py for EBV− PTLD. We did not find an effect of antiviral prophylaxis on early and late EBV+ PTLD occurrence (early EBV+ PTLD: SHR 0.535 [95% CI 0.199–1.436], p = .264; late EBV+ PTLD: SHR 2.213, [95% CI 0.751–6.521], p = .150). However, none of the patients (0/191) who received a rituximab-containing induction treatment experienced PTLD, but 57 of 4574 patients without rituximab induction developed PTLD. In an adjusted restricted mean survival time model, PTLD-free survival was significantly longer (0.104 years [95% CI 0.077–0.131]) in patients receiving rituximab as induction treatment. This study provides novel data on the association of rituximab induction and reduced risk for PTLD.     

近10年国内针灸临床试验研究病种计量分析

为了解近年来国内针灸临床试验研究中涉及的病种情况,并且与之前国外针灸临床试验研究的结果进行对比,本研究采用文献计量的方法,通过对中国中医药期刊文献数据库收录的近10年(2003年至2012年)的针灸临床试验研究的文献进行调研,得出有关中西医疾病病名的主题词1187个,并列举其中排名前100位的高频词。与国内外前期的研究报道进行比较,认为国内针灸临床研究涉及的疾病种类远远超过国外,并且在不断扩充。     

Comparison of Direct Interview and Family History Diagnoses of Alcohol Dependence

Using data from The Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism, we compare direct interview diagnoses of alcohol dependence to those obtained by history from family members. Using a requirement of three or more positive implications by history, the specificity, sensitivity, and positive predictive values are 98%, 39%, and 45%, respectively.
A logistic analysis found the gender of the relative and alcoholism in the informant to be significant, but not the gender of the informant. The partial odds ratio of a diagnosis at interview associated with a positive family history diagnosis was 13.6. The relationship between the informant and relative was significant, with negative reports from an offspring or mate more influential than a negative report from a parent or second-degree relative.
We derived a recursive equation to combine a variable number of family history reports, wherein the probabilities associated with a single report are computed from the logistic analysis. This permits the use of family history information both as a proxy for an uninterviewed relative, as well as a second source of information to be used in the analysis of genetic family data.     

吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶在肿瘤及肿瘤耐药中的研究现状

吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶(IDO)是一种肝外催化色氨酸沿犬尿氨酸途径降解的限速酶。IDO抑制药被用在不同恶性肿瘤及耐药肿瘤治疗的相关实验中,特别是与放疗和化疗相结合时取得了良好的效果。本文将对IDO及其抑制药对肿瘤及肿瘤耐药的影响进行综述。     

Temperament profiles in personality disorders among a young adult population

The objective of this study was to describe the temperament dimension profiles assessed by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) among young adults with the DSM-III-R personality disorder (PD). Our hypothesis was that PD clusters and separate PDs can be distinguished from one another by their specific temperament profiles. As a part of the 31-year follow-up survey of the prospective Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort, the cohort members living in the city of Oulu at the age of 31 years (n=1609) were invited to participate in a two-phase field study. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R for PDs (SCID–II) was used as diagnostic instrument. The final study sample consisted of the 1311 subjects who had completed the Hopkins Symptom Check List-25 questionnaire for screening and had given a written informed consent. Of the 321 SCID interviewed subjects, 74 met the criteria for at least one PD and had completed the TCI. The mean TCI scores of subjects with PD and control subjects without PD (n=910) were compared. Low Novelty Seeking, high Harm Avoidance and low Reward Dependence characterized cluster A and C PDs. Subjects with a cluster B PD did not differ from controls, except for Novelty Seeking, which was high. The temperament dimensions could not distinguish different PDs very well, with the only exception of persons with obsessive–compulsive PD. PD clusters were associated with different profiles of temperament, lending some support for Cloninger's typology.     

UPLC–MS/MS同时测定大鼠血、脑脊液中奎硫平及其活性代谢物

 目的建立同时测定大鼠血、脑脊液中奎硫平及其活性代谢物7-羟基奎硫平羟7-羟基-N-去烷基奎硫平浓度的UPLC-MS/MS法。方法样品经碱化后用叔丁基甲醚提取,采用Acquity UPLC^TM BEH C₁₈柱(2.1mm×50mm,1.7μm),柱温40℃,以水(含50mmol·L^-1醋酸铵,3‰甲酸)-乙腈(73∶27)为流动相,流速0.25mL·min^-1,进样量5μL。采用电喷雾离子化四极杆串联质谱,选择离子监测方式进行扫描,测定样品浓度,卡马西平作为内标。结果血浆中:奎硫平在0.0775～155μg·L^-1,7-羟基奎硫平在0.049～98μg·L^-1,7-羟基-N-去烷基奎硫平在0.067～670μg·L^-1内线性关系良好,萃取回收率均>89%,方法回收率均>87%,,内羟,间,密度RSD均<9%。脑脊液中:奎硫平在0.02～38.75μg·L^-1,7-羟基奎硫平在0.0098～29.5μg·L^-1,7-羟基-N-去烷基奎硫平在0.067～670μg·L^-1内线性关系良好,萃取回收率均>87%,方法回收率均>85%,,内羟,间,密度RSD均<16%。结论该方法该该度高、快速羟该确羟有效,且血、脑中浓度均可测定,为研究转运蛋白对抗,神分裂药物进入血脑屏障的影响提供了依据。     

Young adults’ recollections of parental bonds

Abstract. Background: Recollections of cold and overprotective behaviors from parents have been hypothesized to lead to the presence of mental disorders in young adulthood through their detrimental effects on individuals satisfaction in later partner relationships. Previous studies have not explicitly tested, however, whether partner relationship satisfaction mediates the longitudinal relationship from parental bonds to DSMIII-R disorders in young adults. Methods: We examined: (1) whether recollections of parental bonds in the first 16 years of life were related to the prevalence of DSMIII-R mental disorders in young adulthood, and (2) whether young adults satisfaction with current partner relationships mediated these links. Data were used from 1,581 Dutch young adults aged 18–34 years, who were interviewed in three waves (1996, 1997, and 1999) of a nationwide epidemiological study Results: Structural Equation Models demonstrated that recollections of caring, non-intrusive parenting behaviors were significantly, negatively associated with the prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders (but not substance disorders) in young adulthood. The satisfaction with current partner relationships did not mediate these negative associations. Conclusion: Results replicate and extend earlier findings from the National Comorbidity Survey (Enns et al. 2002), demonstrating that mental disorders are directly related to peoples recollections of parental care and overprotection. Low-quality parental bonds were only related to internalizing types of psychopathology, however, and were of a modest strength. Results may indicate that there is relatively little cross-relationship continuity in the experience of intimacy between relationships with parents and with partners.