Hedgehog信号通路抑制剂对肝内胆管癌RBE细胞生物学行为的影响

 目的: 研究Hedgehog(Hh)信号通路特异性抑制剂环杷明(cyclopamine)对人肝内胆管癌细胞株RBE生物学行为的影响。方法: 用台盼蓝染色计数法和MTT比色法检测环杷明对RBE细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞术检测凋亡率,Transwell检测环杷明处理前后RBE细胞侵袭能力的变化,Western blot检测环杷明处理前后RBE细胞中Gli1和MMP-9的蛋白表达变化。结果: 环杷明对RBE细胞株增殖的抑制作用呈剂量和时间依赖性。环杷明作用细胞24 h、48 h、72 h后,RBE细胞凋亡率逐渐升高,明显高于对照组的凋亡率。Transwell检测对照组穿透细胞数为154.52±13.61,而实验组穿透数为62.00±12.17,侵袭能力明显下降(P<0.01)。Gli1和MMP-9蛋白均在RBE细胞中表达,环杷明下调RBE细胞的Gli1和MMP-9表达。结论: 阻断Hh信号通路能抑制RBE细胞的增殖,促进其凋亡,并抑制其侵袭能力。     

Hedgehog信号传导通路相关基因在肿瘤组织中的表达及其特异性抑制剂Cyclopamine对增殖、凋亡的影响

目的 观察Hedgehog信号传导通路相关基因在肿瘤组织中的表达,及其特异性抑制剂Cyclopamine对肿瘤细胞增殖、凋亡的影响.方法 免疫组织化学法检测80例人口腔鳞癌组织中Hedgehog信号传导通路成员Shh、Smo、Ptch、Gli-1表达;CCK8法检测对HSQ-89细胞增殖的影响;AnnexinV-PI双染流式细胞仪检测Cyclopamine对HSQ-89细胞凋亡的影响;逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测Cyclopamine处理后HSQ-89细胞凋亡相关蛋白表达变化.结果 Hh家族成员Shh、Smo、Ptch、Gli-1在80例口腔鳞癌中的表达率分别为:61.25%、56.25%、47.50%、53.75%,明显高于正常人;在低分化或发生淋巴结转移的病例中表达更高.Cyclopamine可抑制HSQ-89细胞增殖及诱导凋亡,且抑制效应呈浓度依赖性.Cyclopamine(0、5、10、20、40、80μmol/L)作用下,细胞增殖抑制率分别为0、3.0%、4.5%、28.2%、51.2%、62.7%,凋亡率分别为3.01%、3.36%、5.70%、9.42%.经Cyclopamine处理后HSQ-89细胞中bcl-2表达下降,bcl-xL、Bid等表达不变.结论 口腔鳞癌组织中Hedgehog信号转导通路有多种基因异常表达增高,Cyclopamine可通过抑制bcl-2表达而发挥抑制癌细胞增殖、诱导凋亡效应.     

环靶明联合吉非替尼对前列腺癌细胞株DU145增殖和侵袭的影响

目的：检测经环靶明与吉非替尼联合作用后前列腺癌DU145细胞生物学行为的变化,并探讨相关作用机制。方法前列腺癌DU145细胞经不同药物分组处理24 h后,采用MTT法和Transwell小室法检测细胞增殖及侵袭能力的改变;Western blot检测细胞中SHH、PTCH和Gli-1蛋白表达水平的变化。结果联合用药组细胞吸光度值(0.3842±0.0518)明显低于环靶明组(0.6839±0.0989)(t=4.6487,P=0.001)和吉非替尼组(0.7726±0.1474)(t=6.0245,P<0.01),其平均穿膜细胞数(28.3333±3.3863)少于环靶明组(39.5000±5.6480,t=3.0677,P=0.036)和吉非替尼组(41.1667±6.3377),(t=3.5256,P=0.013),各实验中药物处理组与空白对照组间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);环靶明组及联合用药组各通路蛋白的表达均低于空白对照组(P<0.01),吉非替尼组仅PTCH蛋白表达(0.7531±0.1287)低于空白对照组(1.1112±0.1157)(t=4.1495,P=0.019),联合用药组的PTCH蛋白表达(0.3601±0.0900)低于环靶明组(0.6767±0.0815)(t=3.6686,P=0.038)和吉非替尼组(0.7531±0.1287)(t=4.5539,P=0.011)。结论环靶明联合吉非替尼较单独用药明显增强了对前列腺癌细胞增殖和侵袭的抑制作用,其机制可能与吉非替尼协同环靶明下调Hedgehog通路的PTCH蛋白表达有关。     

Hedgehog信号转导途径对乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞增殖与凋亡以及对CycinD1表达的影响

目的:本实验通过Hedgehog(HH)信号转导途径的抑制剂cyclopamine作用于人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞,研究Hedgehog信号转导途径对乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞增殖与凋亡以及对CycinD1表达的影响.方法:以MDA-MB-231细胞为研究对象,应用Cyclopamine处理后,用MTT方法检测细胞增殖活性的改变;用流式细胞术检测细胞周期与凋亡的情况;RT-PCR检测GLI1、CyclinD1的mRNA的变化;用免疫细胞化学术检测细胞中的CyclinD1蛋白表达的变化.结果:与对照组相比,Cyclopamine可显著抑制MDA-MB-231细胞的生长并呈时效-量效关系;流式细胞术检测MDA-MB-231细胞,发现Cyclopamine能提高细胞周期G0/G1期的比例,48 h后出现明显的"亚G1"峰;GLI1,CyclinD1的mRNA以及CyclinD1蛋白的表达降低.结论:乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞有Hedgehog信号转导途径的激活;Hedgehog信号转导途径的抑制剂Cyclopamine能明显抑制MDA-MB-231细胞生长并能诱导其凋亡,减少CyclinD1的表达.     

Hedgehog signalling in androgen independent prostate cancer

Objectives

Androgen-deprivation therapy effectively shrinks hormone-naïve prostate cancer, both in the prostate and at sites of distant metastasis. However prolonged androgen deprivation generally results in relapse and androgen-independent tumour growth, which is inevitably fatal. The molecular events that enable prostate cancer cells to proliferate in reduced androgen conditions are poorly understood. Here we investigate the role of Hedgehog signalling in androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC).

Methods

Activity of the Hedgehog signalling pathway was analysed in cultured prostate cancer cells, and circulating prostate tumour cells were isolated from blood samples of patients with AIPC.

Results

AIPC cells were derived through prolonged culture in reduced androgen conditions, modelling hormone therapy in patients, and expressed increased levels of Hedgehog signalling proteins. Exposure of cultured AIPC cells to cyclopamine, which inhibits Hedgehog signalling, resulted in inhibition of cancer cell growth. The expression of the Hedgehog receptor PTCH and the highly prostate cancer–specific gene DD3^PCA3 was significantly higher in circulating prostate cancer cells isolated from patients with AIPC compared with samples prepared from normal individuals. There was an association between PTCH and DD3^PCA3 expression and the length of androgen-ablation therapy.

Conclusions

Our data are consistent with reports implicating overactivity of Hedgehog signalling in prostate cancer and suggest that Hedgehog signalling contributes to the androgen-independent growth of prostate cancer cells. As systemic anti-Hedgehog medicines are developed, the Hedgehog pathway will become a potential new therapeutic target in advanced prostate cancer.     

Treatment of Eyelid Epithelial Neoplasm by Targeting Sonic Hedgehog Signaling: An Experimental Study

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of cyclopamine, an inhibitor of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signal, on the growth of an epithelial neoplasm.

Methods

Chemically induced eyelid tumors in XPC-null mice (n = 40) were treated daily with a subcutaneous injection of cyclopamine (1?mg/animal) for 7 days. The animals were killed after bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling, and the tumors were histologically examined. An in vitro study was conducted by using a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line. The SCC cells were treated with 0, 12.5, or 25.0?μg/ml recombinant Shh (rShh) and either 0 or 100?μM cyclopamine, and cell proliferation was evaluated by using an MTT assay. Cells from this cell line were also implanted subcutaneously in nude mice (n = 8) to develop tumors, and the effect of cyclopamine administration was examined in the developed tumors.

Results

Histology showed that cyclopamine treatment suppressed BrdU incorporation and induced apoptosis in the majority of cells in tumors chemically induced in the eyelid of the XPC-null mice. Cell proliferation of the SCC cell line was enhanced by adding rShh, and this effect was abolished by adding cyclopamine. Proliferation of the SCC cell line was not affected by adding cyclopamine in the absence of rShh. On the other hand, the SCC cells expressed Shh in vivo in tumors developed in nude mice, but cyclopamine suppressed cell proliferation in the tumors, and the Shh-signaling pathway was inhibited by cyclopamine-induced apoptosis.

Conclusions

Cyclopamine inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in epithelial tumor cells in vivo. The Shh-signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for patients with eyelid tumors.?Jpn J Ophthalmol 2006;50:305–311 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2006     

Hedgehog-Gli 1信号通路对肝星状细胞增殖和凋亡的调控作用

目的 研究肝星状细胞(HSC)中hedgehog(Hh)信号通路成员Shh、patched、smoothened(Smo)和Gli-1的表达,及Hh通路抑制剂环耙明对HSC-T6细胞株增殖、凋亡及其激活的影响.方法 体外培养HSC株,提取细胞总RNA,用RT-PCR扩增Shh、patched、Smo、Gli-1基因;用环耙明作用HSC-T6后采用四甲基偶氮唑盐法检测其在体外对HSC-T6的抑制情况,流式细胞仪检测其对HSC-T6细胞周期的影响,碘化丙啶和膜联蛋白-Ⅴ双染荧光标记法及提取细胞DNA检测HSC-T6细胞凋亡,荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测Gli-1,转化生长因子β1、血小板衍生生长因子、Bcl-2 mRNA的表达水平.结果 HSC-T6中表达有Hh通路家族成员.环耙明在50、100、150、200,250 μmol/L作用下,A值分别为1.55±0.07、1.19 ±0.05,0.78±0.06、0.48±0.03、0.38±0.04,正常对照组为1.74±0.03,环耙明组与正常对照组相比,F=636.81,P<0.01,差异有统计学意义.流式细胞术测出干预后环耙明G0/G1期细胞所占比例为65.08%±1.50%,正常对照组为55.41%±2.54%,两组比较,t=-8.05,P<0.01.药物干预后提取DNA及碘化丙啶和膜联蛋白-Ⅴ双染荧光标记均检测出HSC-T6细胞凋亡.荧光定量结果表明,经环耙明干预后,HSC-T6细胞中Gli-1、转化生长因子β1、血小板衍生生长因子、Bcl-2 mRNA的目的基因相对表达量分别0.28±0.05、0.13±0.04、0.07±0.04、0.17±0.02,正常对照组为1,各基因表达量较正常对照组均明显降低,t值分别为23.09、31.34、43.87和59.10,P值均<0.01,差异有统计学意义.结论 HSC-T6中存在Hh信号通路,环耙明能抑制HSC增殖及增殖周期,促进活化的HSC凋亡,其抑制HSC活化可能是通过抑制Hh-Gli-1信号通路的结果.     

HPMA copolymer-based combination therapy toxic to both prostate cancer stem/progenitor cells and differentiated cells induces durable anti-tumor effects

Current treatments for prostate cancer are still not satisfactory, often resulting in tumor regrowth and metastasis. One of the main reasons for the ineffective anti-prostate cancer treatments is the failure to deplete cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) — a subset of cancer cells with enhanced tumorigenic capacity. Thus, combination of agents against both CSCs and bulk tumor cells may offer better therapeutic benefits. Several molecules with anti-cancer stem/progenitor cell activities have been under preclinical evaluations. However, their low solubility and nonspecific toxicity limit their clinical translation. Herein, we designed a combination macromolecular therapy containing two drug conjugates: HPMA copolymer–cyclopamine conjugate (P–CYP) preferentially toxic to cancer stem/progenitor cells, and HPMA copolymer–docetaxel conjugate (P–DTX) effective in debulking the tumor mass. Both conjugates were synthesized using RAFT (reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer) polymerization resulting in narrow molecular weight distribution. The killing effects of the two conjugates against bulk tumor cells and CSCs were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In PC-3 or RC-92a/hTERT prostate cancer cells, P–CYP preferentially kills and impairs the function of CD133 + prostate cancer stem/progenitor cells; P–DTX was able to kill bulk tumor cells instead of CSCs. In a PC-3 xenograft mice model, combination of P–DTX and P–CYP showed the most effective and persistent tumor growth inhibitory effect. In addition, residual tumors contained less CD133 + cancer cells following combination or P–CYP treatments, indicating selective killing of cancer cells with stem/progenitor cell properties.     

Ptch和Smo在舌鳞状细胞癌Tca8113细胞中的表达及其意义

目的:研究Hedgehog(Hh)信号通路相关因子Ptch和Smo在舌鳞状细胞癌Tca8113细胞株中的表达及其意义。方法:Hh信号通路抑制剂Cyclopamine处理Tca8113细胞后,采用MTT实验检测细胞增殖抑制率,再利用RT-PCR法和Western-Blot方法检测 Ptch和Smo的mRNA和蛋白表达情况。结果:Cyclopamine对Tca8113细胞增殖具有抑制作用。加药后的不同时间段中,显示Ptch、Smo的mRNA和蛋白在Cyclopamine药物组中的表达低于对照组。Smo的mRNA和蛋白分别在加药后24 h、72 h中的表达随着药物浓度增高而降低。结论:Cyclopamine可以抑制Tca8113细胞的生长,降低Smo mRNA和蛋白的表达,Hh信号通路可能在舌癌的发生、发展中起重要作用。[关键词] Hh信号通路 Tca8113细胞 Cyclopamine Ptch Smo