动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血伴脑内血肿早期体位摆放的护理探讨

目的动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)伴脑内血肿的早期体位摆放。方法完成患者急性期在床上渡过体位摆放的护理,杜绝不良卧位给病人造成的关节挛缩,肌肉萎缩等严重后果。结果正确的体位摆放过渡到移位是为患者早期功能锻炼提供了可靠保障,并为肢体恢复和缩短住院时间打下基础。结论实践证明,体位摆放—移位—肢体恢复,不但挽救了患者的生命,并把残疾损害降到最低程度,积极努力地帮助患者充分发挥残余功能,达到生活自理,最后完全康复。     

双源CT在急性胸痛诊断中的临床应用

目的探讨双源CT在急性胸痛诊断中的临床价值。方法对27例临床急性胸痛的患者行双源CT心胸联合血管造影检查。采用急性胸痛的扫描参数,应用高浓度的对比剂,注射流率为5ml/s,注射对比剂总量80~90ml,扫描时间15~17s,将原始数据利用Circulation软件对冠状动脉、肺动脉和主动脉进行曲面重建(CMPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、容积再现技术(VRT)等图像重组。由2名有经验的放射科医生利用轴位图像及各种后处理图像对疾病进行诊断。5例主动脉夹层和2例冠状动脉狭窄的患者同时行心脏彩色多普勒检查,7例主动脉夹层和4例急性心肌梗死的患者同时行选择性血管造影检查,并与双源CT诊断结果进行对照分析。结果双源CT心胸联合造影检查诊断为冠状动脉斑块形成并管腔狭窄9例,其中4例并发急性心肌梗死,急性肺动脉栓塞的7例,主动脉夹层的10例(其中伴有冠状动脉多发斑块并管腔狭窄的1例,主动脉夹层术后复发的2例,主动脉夹层并壁间血肿形成的1例),降主动脉瘤并冠状动脉狭窄1例。同时行选择性血管造影的患者两者的诊断结果一致,但1例主动脉夹层伴冠状动脉狭窄的患者,双源CT一次造影能同时对两种疾病作出正确的诊断,但选择性血管造影分多次造影才作出正确的诊断。7例行心脏彩色多普勒检查的患者,5例主动脉夹层的患者CDFI诊断正确,但3例没发现破口,2例冠状动脉疾病的患者CDFI未见明显异常。结论双源CT心胸联合血管造影检查不但能对肺动脉、主动脉等大血管疾病作出正确诊断,而且能同时发现冠状动脉疾病,因此双源CT是急性胸痛的一种无创、可靠的检查方法。     

Single-Center 10-Year Experience in Treating Patients With Vascular Tinnitus: Diagnostic Approaches and Treatment Outcomes

ObjectivesVascular tinnitus is the most common form of pulsatile tinnitus, particularly when the tinnitus corresponds with the pulse of patients. In this study, we reviewed the 10-year clinical data on vascular tinnitus of our tinnitus clinic to investigate the frequency of the underlying etiologies, to introduce a diagnostic protocol, and to evaluate the treatment outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively collected the data of 57 patients who were diagnosed as vascular tinnitus between April 2001 and December 2011. Careful history taking, otoscopy, thorough physical examinations, audiometry, laboratory tests, as well as radiologic examinations were performed according to our diagnostic protocol to find the origin of pulsatile tinnitus. Treatment options were individualized based on the specific etiology, and the outcomes were assessed using patient''s subjective reports at the follow-up interviews.ResultsHigh jugular bulb was the most common cause (47.4%) of vascular tinnitus, and venous hum was the next (17.5%). Dural arteriovenous fistula, intracranial aneurysm, atherosclerotic carotid artery disease, and hypertension were less common causes. Vascular tinnitus was alleviated in most patients after the appropriate treatment: surgical intervention, tinnitus retraining therapy, reassurance, and medications.ConclusionVascular tinnitus can be successfully diagnosed by the regular use of the suggested protocol. Many patients with vascular tinnitus have treatable underlying etiologies. Treatment of those etiologies or at least counseling about the tinnitus itself can benefit the patients with troublesome vascular tinnitus.     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血血管内栓塞后D—dimer浓度变化与预后的关系

目的探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）血管内栓塞后D-dimer浓度的变化以及D-dimer浓度升高能否做为预后不良的独立预测因素。方法对204例发病48h内人住我院和郑州大学第二附属医院神经内科的SAH病人,在手术当天早晨和动脉瘤填塞后14d检测血浆D-dimer浓度,3个月时根据格拉斯哥预后评分和CT随访脑梗塞的发生做为预后不良的预测因素。结果动脉瘤栓塞后预后不良的病人较预后良好者D—dimer浓度明显升高,手术当天2组各自平均为（1368±298）μg／L和（756土144）／xg／L,14d时分别为（1129±166）μg／I,和（356±73）μg／L,P〈O．001。重复检测发现,预后良好者D-climer浓度降低较快,排除其他影响因素后,D-dimer与预后不良有明显关系。结论SAH后血浆D-dimer升高是预后不良的独立预测因素,可能与凝血酶代谢产物过量积聚引起的损害有关。     

烟雾病伴发动脉瘤(附22例报道)

目的 探讨烟雾病伴发动脉瘤的发病情况及其临床意义。方法 回顾性总结我院１２年遇到的２５８例烟雾病病人,其中２２例伴发脑动脉瘤,临床发病为急性卒中型１２例,缓慢起病者１０例,全部病例均经全脑血管造影证实。结果 伴发的动脉瘤为外周动脉型１８例,占８１．８１％,其中载瘤动脉为穿支动脉者６例,豆纹动脉者７例,后脉络膜动脉４例。大动脉型４例,占１８．１９％。结论 烟雾病伴发动脉瘤破裂可导致颅内出血,ＣＴ可查     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血血管内栓塞后D-dimer浓度变化与预后的关系

目的探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)血管内栓塞后D-dimer浓度的变化以及D-dimer浓度升高能否做为预后不良的独立预测因素。方法对204例发病48 h内入住我院和郑州大学第二附属医院神经内科的SAH病人,在手术当天早晨和动脉瘤填塞后14 d检测血浆D-dimer浓度,3个月时根据格拉斯哥预后评分和CT随访脑梗塞的发生做为预后不良的预测因素。结果动脉瘤栓塞后预后不良的病人较预后良好者D-dimer浓度明显升高,手术当天2组各自平均为(1 368±298)μg/L和(756±144)μg/L,14 d时分别为(1 129±166)μg/L和(356±73)μg/L,P<0.001。重复检测发现,预后良好者D-dimer浓度降低较快,排除其他影响因素后,D-dimer与预后不良有明显关系。结论 SAH后血浆D-dimer升高是预后不良的独立预测因素,可能与凝血酶代谢产物过量积聚引起的损害有关。     

颅内动脉瘤的诊断与治疗现状

颅内动脉瘤是动脉壁发生先天性或后天性病理变化导致向外突出而形成的局限性扩张.其病程隐匿,发病突然,致残、致死率极高,首次发生蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)后即有8%～32%的患者死亡,1年内致残、致死率在60%以上,2年内在85%以上 [1].     

颈内动脉床突段的解剖特点及毗邻关系

目的　观察颈内动脉床突段的解剖特点,探讨该结构的毗邻关系,为临床工作的开展提供依据。 方法　成人尸头标本7例,分别以红色和蓝色硅胶对动脉、静脉进行灌注;应用显微解剖技术,观察并测量颈内动脉的床突段及与眼动脉、远/近侧硬膜环等重要毗邻结构的位置关系。 结果　(1)与颈内动脉床突段相关的参数：床突段的外径为（5.11±0.81）mm,床突段外侧面远、近侧硬膜环中点间距离为（5.46±1.90）mm,远侧硬膜环形成颈内动脉窝的出现率约为78.6%。(2）床突段与眼动脉的关系：①眼动脉起点与远侧硬膜环的位置关系为近侧约7.1%、恰于远环处约14.3%、远侧78.6%;②眼动脉起点与颈内动脉横截面的位置关系为内1/3约78.6%、中1/3约21.4%（未观察到外1/3的情况）。 结论　(1)术前影像学检查十分必要。(2)对侧翼点入路有利于眼动脉起点处病变的暴露。(3)提出两点术中注意事项：①环切远侧硬膜环时,应注意避免伤及眼动脉或其它视神经管内结构;②磨除前床突时注意其内侧的重要血管、神经组织,应以邻近硬膜瓣加以保护。     

Management of brachial artery aneurisms in infants

Brachial artery aneurisms in children under 1 year of age are very rare. The main risk is distal ischaemic complication. We report four infants suffering from brachial artery aneurism of unknown origin. In all cases we used Doppler ultrasonography to validate the clinical diagnosis. Pre-operative vascular check-up was negative for other aneurismal location. Surgical excision with direct end-to-end anastomosis was possible in one patient; the others required interposition of an autologous venous graft. At discharge, patients were given oral aspirin for a few weeks. Histological examination revealed one pseudoaneurism and three true aneurisms. There were no complications either postoperatively or at 18 months follow-up. Arterial ligation might be indicated in only two situations: aneurism distal to profunda brachii artery, or chronic wall thrombus completely occluding (but distal perfusion through a neovascularization must be assessed first on angiography). Surgical excision with arterial reconstruction is the standard treatment. Endovascular treatment is not suitable because such a procedure in an infant would generate excessive radiation exposure, and a risk of stent migration with limb growth. In the case of an initial isolated and idiopathic presentation, or of false aneurism, clinical follow-up at 1 year is sufficient. In the case of secondary lesion, multiple initial presentation or relapse, life-long follow-up with repeated corporal imaging should be performed.