颅脑损伤患者伤后细胞免疫功能变化及黄芪的免疫调节作用

目的：研究颅脑损伤患者伤后细胞免疫功能的变化规律及黄芪对细胞免疫功能的调节作用。方法：73例中、重型颅脑损伤患者随机分为常规治疗组35例和黄芪治疗组38例。对照组10例。采用放射免疫法．双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法及碱性磷酸酶法于不同时间检测各组患者细胞免疫学指标，1个月后进行疗效评价，并进行统计学处理。结果：颅脑损伤患者伤后1d IL-2、CD4、CD4／CD8显著下降，SIL-2R及CD8显著升高(P＜0．01)。伤后第30天常规组与黄芪组比较IL-2，SIL-2R，CD8、CD4／CD8有显著性差异，CD4无显著性差异。伤后1月两组患者感染发生率、GCS评分、日常生活能力比较有显著性差异(P＜0．01)。结论：中、重型颅脑损伤息者伤后存在显著的细胞免疫功能抑制，黄芪可以改善患者细胞免疫功能状态，提高机体抗感染能力．改善预后。     

A群多糖脑膜炎菌苗最适免疫剂量的研究

近些年来对Ａ群多糖脑膜炎菌苗最适免疫剂量进行了一系列现场流行病学及血清学效果的对比研究。首先肯定了我国生产的菌苗与法国Ｍｅｒｉｅｕｘ研究所生产的苗苗在人体接种后观察一年内具有同等杀菌抗体反应。以后在严格对比下观察了国内生产的多糖菌苗接种３０μｇ及５０μｇ一年内的血清杀菌抗体反应。结果完全相同；而全身反应则３０μｇ为５０μｇ剂量的五分之一。在我国８０年代流脑流行地区内确证了３０μｇ免后人群保护率为９９％与国外５０μｇ的保护率（９７．２％）相似。国内连续三年在流行地区内对比观察了３０μｇ、与５０μｇ的流行病学预防效果，其人群保护率相似．与国外（Ｒｅｉｎｇｏｌｄ）．的报告亦相似。最后结论是本菌苗的最适免疫剂量为３０μｇ．不但其预防效果与５０μｇ相同，而且菌苗反应轻微，经济效益高，有利于在发展中国家推广使用。     

Cloning and characterisation of the adenosyl phosphosulphate kinase gene from Aspergillus nidulans

The sD gene of Aspergillus nidulans has been cloned by heterologous screening of rationally selected cosmids. Co-transformation of the sD50 mutant JMP1 confirmed the presence of a functional gene. Sequence analysis determined this gene to be 680 bp in length, containing a 59-bp intron and encoding a protein of 206 amino acids. A protein-sequence comparison revealed a similarity to the C-terminal region of ATP sulphurylase, the sC gene product. Further sequence comparison revealed differences in a consensus sequence ATP-binding motif, indicating non-functionality of the APS kinase-like domain of ATP sulphurylase, and confirms sD as the gene encoding APS kinase in A. nidulans. Received: 17 April / 29 August 1997     

免疫杀伤中LAK细胞的坏死和凋亡及黄芪多糖的影响

目的：进一步探讨ＬＡＫ细胞攻击Ｈｅｌａ细胞后的归宿及黄芪多糖（ＡＰＳ）的影响。方法：分别以ＩＬ－２和ＩＬ－２、ＡＰＳ激活的ＬＡＫ细胞与Ｈｅｌａ细胞共育，用电镜和电脑图像分析系统观察和测定ＬＡＫ细胞的存活、坏死、凋亡细胞及各期凋亡细胞不同时段的体密度。结果：对照组１６小时Ｈｅｌａ细胞大部分死亡，ＬＡＫ细胞本身死亡５７％。８、１６小时实验组ＬＡＫ细胞存活、坏死、凋亡细胞各自的体密度与对照组比均有差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）或明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），各期凋亡细胞的体密度也有差异或明显差异。结论：ＡＰＳ可降低ＬＡＫ细胞坏死和凋亡细胞的体密度，尤其是典型凋亡细胞的体密度，为抗肿瘤应用ＡＰＳ提高ＩＬ－２／ＬＡＫ细胞的活性提供实验根据。     

纤维素酶法提取黄芪多糖

目的研究纤维素酶处理对黄芪多糖提取效果的影响。方法以提取液的总糖和还原糖为考察指标,确定纤维素酶处理工艺。通过不同提取方法提取多糖及扫描电镜分析,探讨纤维素酶处理的效果。结果纤维素酶处理条件的优化为纤维素酶加入量为60U/g生药,酶处理时间90min,温度50℃。与对照工艺相比得率由24.4%提高至30.3%,增加率为24.2%,而多糖的质量分数基本不变。扫描电镜观察表明,纤维素酶明显地分解了黄芪原料中的部分结构多糖,药渣中的网状结构变得十分清晰。结论纤维素酶处理有助于黄芪多糖的提取,能显著提高黄芪多糖的得率。     

黄芪多糖对大鼠局灶性脑梗死的影响

目的:研究黄芪多糖对大鼠局灶性脑梗死的影响及其作用机制.方法:60只大鼠随机分为6组:假手术组,模型组,黄芪多糖大、中、小剂量(2,1,0.5g·kg-1·d-1,ig)组和阳性对照步长脑心通组(1 g·kg-1·d-1,ig),每组10只.治疗组于术后3 h,1 d,2 d,3 d和4 d给药,bid.用光化学诱导方法造成大鼠局灶性脑梗死,观察造模后各组大鼠的一般情况,进行神经功能评定;以及造模后5 d时各组大鼠的脑梗死体积及病理学变化,进行统计学分析.结果:神经功能评定各组大鼠间无统计学差异,脑缺血5 d后,黄芪多糖大、中剂量组与步长脑心通组脑梗死体积明显小于模型对照组及黄芪多糖小剂量组,梗死灶缺血性损伤明显减轻;黄芪多糖作为单药成分在大剂量给药时疗效可与步长脑心通复方制剂疗效相当.结论:黄芪多糖对光化学诱导大鼠局灶性脑梗死具有治疗作用.     

B cell elimination in systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder with a worldwide distribution, potentially life-threatening with considerable morbidity. The elimination of pathogenic B cells has emerged as a rational therapeutic option. Many open label studies have reported encouraging results in which clinical and serological remission have invariably been described, often enabling the reduction of steroid and immunosuppressive treatment. However, the results from randomized controlled studies have been disappointing and several questions remain to be answered. In this review we will focus on results of B cell direct depletion in the treatment of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.     

Risk factors and clinical profile of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Is this a distinctive clinical entity in the thrombotic microangiopathy spectrum?: A case control study

Introduction

The association of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is rare. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Information about risk factors and clinical outcomes is scant.

Material and Methods

A retrospective case-control study was performed in a referral center in Mexico City between 1994 and 2013. Patients were diagnosed with TTP if they fulfilled the following criteria: microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, high LDH levels, normal fibrinogen and negative Coombs’ test. Patients with SLE were diagnosed with ≥ 4 ACR criteria. We included three study groups: group A included patients with SLE-associated TTP (TTP/SLE; cases n = 22, TTP events n = 24); patients with non-autoimmune TTP (NA-TTP; cases n = 19, TTP events n = 22) were included in group B and patients with SLE without TTP (n = 48) in group C.

Results

After multivariate analysis, lymphopenia < 1000/mm3 [OR 19.84, p = 0.037], high SLEDAI score three months prior to hospitalisation [OR 1.54, p = 0.028], Hg < 7 g/dL [OR 6.81, p = 0.026], low levels of indirect bilirubin [OR 0.51, p = 0.007], and less severe thrombocytopenia [OR 0.98, p = 0.009] were associated with TTP in SLE patients. Patients with TTP/SLE received increased cumulative steroid dose vs. NA-TTP (p = 0.006) and a higher number of immunosuppressive drugs (p = 0.015). Patients with TTP/SLE had higher survival than NA-TTP (p = 0.033); however, patients hospitalised for TTP/SLE had a higher risk of death than lupus patients hospitalised for other causes

Conclusions

Lymphopenia is an independent risk factor for TTP/SLE. It is likely that patients with TTP/SLE present with less evident clinical features, so the level of suspicion must be higher to avoid delay in treatment.