Anticoagulation Strategies in Patients With Cancer: JACC Review Topic of the Week

Patients with active cancer are at an increased risk of arterial and venous thromboembolism (VTE) and bleeding events. Historically, in patients with cancer, low molecular weight heparins have been preferred for treatment of VTE, whereas warfarin has been the standard anticoagulant for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). More recently, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been demonstrated to reduce the risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism in large randomized clinical trials of patients with VTE and AF, respectively, thus providing an attractive oral dosing option that does not require routine laboratory monitoring. In this review, we summarize available clinical trial data and guideline recommendations, and outline a practical approach to anticoagulation management of VTE and AF in cancer.     

Delayed expression of NADPH-diaphorase in rat brain after administration of the cholinotoxin AF64A

Administration of cholinotoxin etylcholine aziridinium (AF64A) into the brain selectively induces nonrever-sible cholinergic deficit. Wistar rats were injected intracerebroventricularly bilaterally with AF64A at doses of 1–3 nmol/ventricle. 28 days later the number of neurons survived was counted in dorsolateral, intermediate and medial groups of cells of the medial septum. AF64A induced a decrease in neuronal density and expression of cholineacetyl transferase at all doses used as well as in all regions studied. Brain sections were also stained for NADPH-diaphorase representing neuronal NO-synthase. Effects of AF64A on NADPH-diaphorase expression depended on the region studied. The number of NADPH-diaphorase-positive cells increased in the medial cellular group where more cholineacetly transferase-positive cells survived. In contrast, decrease in NADPH-diaphorase expression in the dorsolateral group of cells coincided with low level of cholineacetyltransferase-po-sitive neurons. The data presented suggest that in the AF64A-dependent model of neurodegeneration NO may play a neuroprotective function.     

Engulfment of mast cell secretory granules on skin inflammation boosts dendritic cell migration and priming efficiency

1. Download : Download high-res image (228KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

Dimebon improves learning in animals with experimental Alzheimer's disease

Systemic administration of antihistamine drug dimebon improves active avoidance conditioning in rats with chronic partial deprivation of cerebral cholinergic functions caused by intracerebroventricular injections of AF64A. The effects of dimebon on learning are similar to those of tacrine used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 6, pp 640–642, June, 2000     

AF系统内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂型骨折

为评价AF系统内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂型骨折的疗效。应用AF系统内固定结合椎管减压、植骨治疗32例胸腰椎爆裂型骨折。结果32例中全部充分减压,固定可靠,神经恢复好转率达75%。结果表明,AF系统内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折是目前较为理想的疗法。     

心房颤动患者心房组织ATP敏感性钾通道基因转录表达的研究

目的 探讨心房颤动患者心房组织ATP敏感性钾通道(Kir6.2)基因转录的变化。方法 35例风湿性心瓣膜病患者,心外科手术时被取右心耳组织。通过逆转录-聚合酶链反应,以三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(GAPDH)为内参照,测量心耳组织Kir6.2通道的mRNA表达量。结果 窦性心律组和阵发性房颤组心房组织Kit6.2的mRNA水平均显著高于慢性房颤组(P<0.05);而阵发性房颤组心房组织Kir6.2的mRNA又显著高于窦性心律组(P<0.05)。结论 Kir6.2通道转录水平的改变可能是相应ATP敏感性钾通道产生的内向整流钾电流(IKATP)重构的分子基础,Kir6.2基因转录改变可能是促进房颤发生和持续的因素之一。     

AF系统治疗胸腰椎骨折66例疗效分析

目的:分析AF内固定系统治疗胸腰椎骨折脊髓损伤的疗效。方法:采用AF内固定系统治疗胸腰椎骨析66例,胸椎8例,腰椎58例。其中20例合并不同程度的脊髓损伤,行椎板减压脊髓探查术。结果:被压缩的椎体前缘高度,术后均恢复到90%以上,椎管扩大,术后神经功能恢复较满意。结论:AF内固定系统配合椎板减压是治疗胸腰椎骨析有效方法之一。     

Idiopathic multiple retinal pigment epithelial detachments – A case report

Retinal pigment epithelial detachment, often asymptomatic is a common retinal finding. Multiple serous retinal pigment epithelial detachment especially in a female is very uncommon. We describe a case of multiple retinal pigment epithelial detachments throughout the fundus in a 51-year old female otherwise asymptomatic. Indocyanine green angiography and fundus auto fluorescence showed abnormalities with a normal systemic work-up. This is the first report of an asymptomatic patient correlating angiogram with auto fluorescence in multiple serous retinal pigment epithelial detachments.