Pseudocystic pilomatricoma: A new variant and review of the literature

A classic pilomatricoma, which usually presents with an asymptomatic, solitary, firm, subcutaneous nodule in the head, neck, or extremities of the paediatric population, is easily diagnosed based on its characteristic clinical and histopathological features. However, its variants often pose particular diagnostic challenges to clinicians due to their rarity and diverse clinicopathological features. We present a new pseudocystic variant, manifesting as solid lesions floating in a fluid‐filled sac.     

Aggressive pilomatrixoma

We report a case of aggressive pilomatrixoma (PMX) in a 25‐year‐old male who presented with swelling in left supraclavicular region of 2‐month duration. A diagnosis of small round cell tumor was suggested on fine‐needle aspiration cytology. He underwent wide excision of the mass. On histomorphological examination, a diagnosis of aggressive PMX was made. The swelling recurred after 3 months of complete resection and on examination had similar morphological features. The case is presented because of the potential diagnostic difficulties on cytological examination and rare occurrence of aggressive variant of PMX. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:906–911. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

儿童眼睑毛母质瘤21例病例分析

目的分析儿童毛母质瘤在眼部的临床特点。方法对我院21例病理确诊的儿童毛母质瘤患者的临床、病理及超声等表现进行回顾性研究。结果眼睑毛母质瘤占同期儿童眼睑皮下肿块(除外睑板腺囊肿)手术患者的7.9%。男女比例约为1.11.0。发生于上下睑的比例为165。术前诊断与病理检查一致的仅5例,占23.8%。组织病理观察可见典型的影细胞及嗜碱性粒细胞,伴钙化灶者18例(85.7%)。超声主要表现为低回声团块,内显示点状或斑块状高回声;或伴有低回声边缘的高回声团块。所有病例经手术切除后均未见复发。结论发生于眼睑的毛母质瘤在儿童临床并不罕见,但术前容易误诊。组织病理学及超声表现具有一定特征性表现。手术切除不易复发。     

Pilomatrixoma (Benign Calcifying Epithelioma of Malherbe)

A 24-year-old white man had a large subcutaneous discolored tumefaction of the right lower lid, successfully treated by two separate incision and drainage procedures. Microscopic appearance initially suggested basal cell epithelioma, but further studies provided a correct diagnosis of pilomatrixoma (calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe). This lesion probably represents aberrant primitive germ cells differentiating towards a hair matrix cell. Basaloid and squamoid (shadow) cells with or without focal calcifications in shadow cell areas are typical, and the clinical presentation is also highly suggestive of pilomatrixoma.     

Pilomatrix carcinoma: 12‐year experience and review of the literature

Pilomatrix carcinoma is a rare, locally aggressive tumor with a tendency to recur. Distant metastases have been reported, with pulmonary lesions being the most frequent manifestation. Similar to pilomatrixoma, pilomatrix carcinoma typically presents as a nontender, firm dermal swelling and is found most commonly in the head and neck region. Although pilomatrixomas and pilomatrix carcinoma are well‐recognized lesions, clinically they are frequently misdiagnosed as other skin conditions. By reviewing the literature over the past 10 years, the aims of this review are to analyze the cause, clinical presentation, histopathologic features, management and outcomes of pilomatrix carcinoma amongst children and adults.