2014—2018年黄山市淋病疫情流行特征分析

目的分析2014-2018年黄山市淋病的流行特征,为全市的淋病防控工作提供科学依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集黄山市2014—2018年的淋病数据、人口数据,进行统计分析。结果2014—2018年黄山市累计报告淋病病例761例,年均发病率为11.09/10万,年均增长率为29.14%,发病率呈逐年上升趋势(χ^2趋势=112.29,P<0.05)。淋病的人群分布中,男女报告病例数之比为13.63:1,男女发病率有统计学差异(χ^2=113.18,P<0.05);15~49岁年龄组病例数最多,占85.94%,职业以农民最多,占44.81%;以屯溪区、歙县报告病例数较多,分别占37.45%、23.26%。结论2014—2018年黄山市淋病发病率呈上升趋势,淋病防控形势严峻,需进一步完善各项防控措施。     

Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the UK: surveillance and management

Successful antimicrobial therapy is fundamental to the public health control of gonorrhea, in the absence of a protective immune response. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent, has presented a constant challenge for the provision of such therapy as it has demonstrated the ability to become resistant to successive highly active agents chosen for first-line treatment. Acquisition of plasmids from other bacteria and long-term use of a single agent has selected both single step high-level and low-level resistance due to multiple mutations. While therapeutic failure of the current recommended agents cefixime and ceftriaxone begins to emerge, choice of alternative therapies is limited. Guidelines for therapy will be dependent on surveillance programs but individual patient management will require a viable organism to detect emerging resistance. Advances in molecular detection, while advantageous for the diagnosis of gonorrhea, fail to provide a viable organism, posing even greater challenges for the definition of treatment failure, and appropriate end points for test of cure. Innovative and collaborative approaches will be essential to maintain gonorrhea as a treatable infection.     

Is There a Weekly Pattern for Health Searches on Wikipedia and Is the Pattern Unique to Health Topics?

Background

Online health information–seeking behaviors have been reported to be more common at the beginning of the workweek. This behavior pattern has been interpreted as a kind of “healthy new start” or “fresh start” due to regrets or attempts to compensate for unhealthy behavior or poor choices made during the weekend. However, the observations regarding the most common health information–seeking day were based only on the analyses of users’ behaviors with websites on health or on online health-related searches. We wanted to confirm if this pattern could be found in searches of Wikipedia on health-related topics and also if this search pattern was unique to health-related topics or if it could represent a more general pattern of online information searching—which could be of relevance even beyond the health sector.

Objective

The aim was to examine the degree to which the search pattern described previously was specific to health-related information seeking or whether similar patterns could be found in other types of information-seeking behavior.

Methods

We extracted the number of searches performed on Wikipedia in the Norwegian language for 911 days for the most common sexually transmitted diseases (chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], and acquired immune deficiency syndrome [AIDS]), other health-related topics (influenza, diabetes, and menopause), and 2 nonhealth-related topics (footballer Lionel Messi and pop singer Justin Bieber). The search dates were classified according to the day of the week and ANOVA tests were used to compare the average number of hits per day of the week.

Results

The ANOVA tests showed that the sexually transmitted disease queries had their highest peaks on Tuesdays (P<.001) and the fewest searches on Saturdays. The other health topics also showed a weekly pattern, with the highest peaks early in the week and lower numbers on Saturdays (P<.001). Footballer Lionel Messi had the highest mean number of hits on Tuesdays and Wednesdays, whereas pop singer Justin Bieber had the most hits on Tuesdays. Both these tracked search queries also showed significantly lower numbers on Saturdays (P<.001).

Conclusions

Our study supports prior studies finding an increase in health information searching at the beginning of the workweek. However, we also found a similar pattern for 2 randomly chosen nonhealth-related terms, which may suggest that the search pattern is not unique to health-related searches. The results are potentially relevant beyond the field of health and our preliminary findings need to be further explored in future studies involving a broader range of nonhealth-related searches.     

中山地区淋球菌头孢菌素敏感性及NG-MAST研究

目的：研究中山辖区淋球菌对头孢曲松与头孢克肟的敏感性,及淋球菌多抗原测序分型(NG-MAST)的基因型别。方法：收集2017-2018年中山市辖区医疗机构淋球菌菌株,经分离、鉴定和纯化后,采用琼脂稀释法检测其对头孢曲松与头孢克肟的最小抑菌浓度(MIC);应用NG-MAST进行淋球菌porB和tbpB外膜蛋白基因分型。结果：共检测193株淋球菌,对头孢曲松、头孢克肟的低敏率分别为5.2％和13.5％;NG-MAST分型显示193株菌共有125个型别,其中65种为已知型别,60种为新型别;所检菌株以ST5308、ST5061、ST2268、NEW1、ST10091、NEW2和NEW3为优势型别,并且同型别菌株对同一抗生素的MIC值相同或相近。结论：头孢曲松和头孢克肟作为淋病治疗的一线药物,已出现低敏;本地区淋球菌porB和tbpB外膜蛋白出现新的基因型别。     

广东省汕头市92株淋球菌药物敏感性检测

目的：了解汕头地区2009年淋球菌对多种抗菌药物耐药的发生率及产β-内酰胺酶淋球菌（PPNG）和四环素高度耐药淋球菌（TRNG）的流行状况.方法：采用琼脂稀释法测定5种抗菌药物最低抑菌浓度（MIC）,纸片酸度法测定青霉素产β-内酰胺酶菌株.结果：92株淋球菌对青霉素耐药率为84.8%、四环素耐药率为89.1%、环丙沙星耐药率为92.4%;未发现大观霉素及头孢曲松耐药菌株.检出PPNG高达31株（33.7%）.TRNG为47株（51.1%）.青霉素﹑四环素和环丙沙星的MIC50及MIC90均已超过耐药标准.结论：大观霉素和头孢曲松为汕头地区治疗淋病的首选药物.     

单纯淋球菌感染与淋球菌混合其他病原体感染患者的治疗分析

目的 观察和比较"中国疾病预防控制中心"制定的治疗方案(常规方案)对单纯淋球菌感染和淋球菌混合其他病原体感染患者的治疗效果.方法 收集32例单纯淋球菌感染患者和50例混合病原体感染患者(淋球菌合并沙眼衣原体或解脲支原体或梅毒螺旋体感染)的临床资料,回顾患者经常规方案治疗的效果,比较单纯淋球菌感染与混合病原体感染患者临床痊愈所需时间(接受常规方案至获得临床痊愈的时间).结果 所有患者的总体痊愈率为92.4%,其中单纯淋球菌感染患者均获得临床痊愈,混合病原体感染患者的临床痊愈率为84.0%.单纯淋球菌感染和淋球菌混合其他病原体感染患者临床痊愈所需时间平均为(9.4±1.8)d和(9.7±2.3)d,两者比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 接受常规方案治疗的淋球菌混合其他病原体感染患者的临床痊愈时间与单纯淋球菌感染患者相当,提示常规方案亦适用于混合病原体感染患者.     

天津地区女性生殖道感染病原学分析

目的:了解天津地区性病门诊和妇科门诊女性患者的细菌性阴道病(BV)及其他性病患病情况及相关致病因素。方法:根据Biswas标准对546例女性患者进行细菌性阴道病的诊断及相关致病因素调查,同时进行其他性病病原学、血清学及组织学检测。结果:细菌性阴道病在性病门诊就诊人群的患病率为27.2%,在妇科门诊就诊人群的患病率为22.0%,两者间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);混合感染共83例(63.4%);合并感染最多的为解脲脲原体(29.8%);流产史、宫内节育器使用、有多个性伴3个因素与BV发生有相关性。结论:细菌性阴道病不仅是妇科常见病之一,也是与性传播有关的疾病,发病率高且常合并其他性传播病原体感染,故应在高危人群中积极开展筛查工作。     

Prevalence and manifestations of endometritis among women with cervicitis

Thirty-five women referred from a clinic treating sexually transmitted diseases, because of suspected cervicitis, were studied for the presence of endometritis by transcervical endometrial biopsies and cervical and endometrial cultures. Fourteen (40%) of the patients had histologic evidence of endometritis. Findings that significantly correlated with endometritis included a history of intermenstrual vaginal bleeding, the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, or Streptococcus agalactiae in the cervix, and the presence of serum antibodies to C. trachomatis or to Mycoplasma hominis.     

医院淋病奈瑟菌耐药性与质粒图谱研究

目的了解某院淋病奈瑟菌对抗菌药的耐药性及质粒谱型.方法采用纸片扩散法检测80株淋病奈瑟菌对7种抗菌药的敏感性：碱裂解法分析其质粒图谱.结果在测定的7种抗菌药中,对环丙沙星耐药率最高,为86.25%;对壮观霉素敏感率最高,为100%.质粒介导的产青霉素酶淋病奈瑟菌和耐四环素淋病奈瑟菌的检出率分别为50%和27.50%.72株（90%）淋病奈瑟菌检出质粒带,质粒谱型以4.2kb＋7.4kb＋39.5 kb和4.2 kb＋7.4 kb多见,分别占20%和15%.结论淋病奈瑟菌的耐药性和质粒图谱分析有助于为该地区淋病奈瑟菌的分子流行病学和淋病的监控提供依据.     

Nonviral sexually transmitted infections

In spite of having standard diagnostic methods and effective treatment regimens, nonviral sexually transmitted infections continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality. Nonviral infections are of special concern in young populations and have more serious consequences in women than in men. With perinatal exposure, newborns are at risk for both minor and major complications, including congenital anomalies, mental impairment, and death. To make an impact on the serious sequelae associated with these infections, nurses must recognize common signs and symptoms, select appropriate diagnostic tests, and rapidly initiate effective treatment. Appropriate emotional support and effective counseling are important components of infection management.