Evaluation of Permulgin 3274 as a Material for the Conservation of Beeswax Seals

When treating historical beeswax seals, it seems a natural choice to use materials as similar to the original as possible. The properties of analogous recent materials, however, differ from those of the aged ones, not to mention the fact that the exact composition of the particular sealing wax is usually uncertain. In order to obtain the material of desired properties, recent beeswax is often combined with various additives, including petroleum waxes, or even replaced by mixtures based solely on these products. Within this study, the relevant properties of Permulgin 3274, a ceresin-type wax, were compared with the characteristics of recent and historical beeswaxes. The aim was to evaluate its advantages and limitations, in terms of its possible use for the conservation of beeswax seals. The properties studied were comprised of the chemical composition, thermal properties, mechanical properties, possibilities of colour adjustment and ageing properties. Permulgin 3274′s workability was evaluated by conservators from the National Archives in Prague. The results indicate that, from the technological point of view, Permulgin 3274 could be considered a welcome alternative to the use of traditional conservation mixtures.     

抗生素/生物活性玻璃陶瓷复合人工骨的制备及药物缓释效果的实验观察

本课题用蜂蜡石油醚溶液浸泡内贮抗生素的BGC管,以制备具有局部药物绥释作用的复合人工骨。体外实验表明,用16％、12％、8％、0％不同浓度蜂蜡包裹的氯霉素/BGC复合人工骨。药物释放速度有显著差异。Td分别为:654.46d、624.71d、70.64d及36.71d。体内实验表明,用12％、16％蜂蜡包裹的氯霉素/BGC复合人工骨,药物释放期可维持在26～35天,局部维持有效抗菌浓度则可达100天以上。实验结果提示,用这种方法制备的复合人工骨有可能直接用于治疗感染性骨缺损。     

蜂胶对小鼠血糖和血脂的影响

蜂胶是工蜂从植物体上采集的树脂与其上腭腺的分泌物和蜂蜡形成的有粘性的固体胶状物,含有黄酮类、萜类、酚类等生物活性成分及蛋白质、脂肪、多种维生素和矿物质等营养素[1]。本研究通过复制高血糖和高血脂动物模型,探讨蜂胶对实验动物血糖和血脂的影响。1材料与方法1.1样品蜂     

风痛灵膏的制备工艺考察及其水杨酸甲酯的含量测定

目的:确立风痛灵膏的最佳成型工艺并及建立其有效成分水杨酸甲酯的气相色谱测定法,为该制剂的工业化生产与质量控制提供参考。方法:以熔点、光泽、软硬度、细腻度为综合评价指标,采用正交试验确定基质间(石蜡、蜂蜡、白凡士林、羊毛脂)的最佳配比。采用气相色谱法测定水杨酸甲酯含量,PEG-20M毛细管柱(0.25 mm×30 m,0.25μm),程序升温(初始温度100℃,以15℃·min-1升温至190℃,保持9 min),分流比50∶1,检测器温度300℃,进样口温度250℃。结果:石蜡、蜂蜡、白凡士林、羊毛脂最佳配比分别为4%,6%,5%,3%,药液温度65~75℃。制备的3批样品均符合《中国药典》2010年版软膏剂项下的规定。水杨酸甲酯的线性范围0.66~13.25 g·L-1,平均加样回收率98.94%,RSD 0.7%。结论:优选的制备工艺稳定可行,建立的含量测方法简便、快速、准确,可用于风痛灵膏的质量控制。     

Preparation and investigation the release behaviour of wax microspheres loaded with salicylic acid

Salicylic acid-beeswax microspheres were prepared by melt dispersion technique. The effects of formulation parameters on the microscopic characteristic, drug loading and cumulative amount of released drug were investigated by experimental design. Results showed that all of the microparticles were spherical with porous surfaces. The average size of microspheres was 24–48 µm, the drug content was in the range of 22–45% and the encapsulation efficiency was 46–93%. Drug loading was influenced by emulsification speed as a main factor. All the microspheres had a burst release initially. The emulsifier concentration did not have a significant effect on drug release. The release behaviour of microspheres conformed best to Korsmeyer-Peppas semi-empirical model and the release of SA from beeswax microspheres was Fickian (n < 0.45).     

尿素软膏处方优化及其稳定性考察

目的 对尿素软膏处方进行调整,并对其稳定性进行考察.方法 按照原规定处方,配制4组尿素软膏.采用两个不同厂家的黄凡士林配制成尿素软膏A和B;采用同样来源的原料,在夏季和冬季配制成尿素软膏C和D,观察4组尿素软膏黏度及感官成型性差异.采用单因素影响实验调整尿素软膏处方,制得3批成品,考察其稳定性.结果 按照原规定处方配制,使用厂家1配制的尿素软膏黏度大于厂家2,成型性较好;夏季配制的尿素软膏相对于冬季配制的软膏黏度较小,成型性较差.调整后的处方中蜂蜡的量有所增加.3批调整后的尿素软膏在11个月内外观未发生变化,含量及微生物限度均在合格范围内.结论 原料厂家来源不同、配制的外部环境改变可影响尿素软膏的性状,调整后的处方是稳定的.     

D-002 (Beeswax Alcohols): Concurrent Joint Health Benefits and Gastroprotection

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs include the traditional drugs and more selective COX-2 inhibitors. Traditional nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use is hampered by their gastrotoxicity, while COX-2-inhibitors increase the cardiovascular risk. The search of safer substances for managing inflammatory conditions is updated, a challenge wherein dual COX/5-LOX inhibitors have a place. This review summarizes the benefits of D-002, a mixture of higher aliphatic beeswax alcohols, on joint health and gastric mucosa. D-002 elicits gastroprotection through a multiple mechanism that involves the increased secretion and improved quality of the gastric mucus, the reduction of hydroxyl radical, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, neutrophil infiltration and the increase of antioxidant enzymes on the gastric mucosa. Consistently, D-002 inhibits NSAIDs, ethanol, pylorus-ligation and acetic acid-induced gastric ulceration in rats, and has reduced gastrointestinal symptoms in clinical studies. Early results found that D-002 was effective in the cotton pellet-induced granuloma and carrageenan-induced pleurisy model in rats, lowering pleural leukotriene B4 levels without causing gastrointestinal ulceration. However, D-002 effects on inflammation received little attention for years. Recent data have shown that D-002 inhibited both COX and 5-LOX activities with a greater affinity for 5-LOX and could act as a dual COX/5-LOX inhibitor. This mechanism might explain efficacy in experimental inflammatory and osteoarthritic models as well as clinical efficacy in osteoarthritic patients while supporting the lack of D-002 gastrotoxicity, but not the gastroprotective effects, which appear to be due to multiple mechanisms. In summary oral D-002 intake could help manage inflammatory conditions that impair joint health, while offering gastroprotection.