百年乐与人参黄芪合剂对心血管系统的药理作用比较

百年乐和人参黄芪合剂对心血管系统的作用研究表明:百年乐能加速小鼠肠系膜微循环障碍的恢复,增加离体兔耳血管的流量,使主动脉平滑肌松弛,对抗心肌缺氧,抑制血栓形成,其作用强于人参黄芪合剂。     

重庆市城市居民1991～2000年死亡损失生命年分析

目的：研究重庆市城市居民20世纪90年代疾病所致早死的生命损失。方法：用死亡损失生命年YLLs为测量单位，计算不同性别、不同社区的死因别标化YLLs率，及分析1991～2000年死因别标化YLLs率的变化趋势。结果：非传染性疾病标化YLLs率为42.58‰，占全死因的82.76%，其中，恶性肿瘤标化YLLs率为12.80‰，占30.06%，脑血管疾病标化YLLs率 6.62‰，占15.55%，呼吸系统疾病标化YLLs率5.77‰，占13.55%，心脏病标化YLLs率4.38‰，占10.29%；意外死亡标化YLLs率为7.59‰，占全死因的14.75%；传染病、妇科及围产期疾病标化YLLs率为1.28‰，仅占2.49%。在社区之间，死因别标化YLLs率存在明显差异。结核病和精神病标化YLLs率曾出现上升趋势。结论：非传染性疾病已成为该城市居民的主要疾病负担，结核病防治不能放松，精神卫生工作急待开展。     

湖南省洞庭湖水域洪灾区人群潜在寿命、工作、价值损失年数分析

目的 了解洪灾对人群健康和价值的损害程度。方法 应用标化死亡率和潜在寿命损失年数(WYPLL)、潜在工作损失年数(VYPLL)、潜在价值损失年数(VYPLL)对湖南省洞庭湖水域部分洪灾区人群1995—1999年的死亡情况进行分析。结果 灾区与非灾区两人群死因顺位一致，但损伤、中毒和肿瘤死因的死亡专率，灾区显著高于非灾区。在死因构成中损伤、中毒死亡居第三位，肿瘤居第四位；但在YPLL、WYPLL分析中则跃居第一位和第二位。两人群各年龄段的YPLL、WYPLL、VYPLL分析显示灾区人群40—59岁的各种死亡损失均高于非灾区。结论 降低洪灾区人群损伤、中毒和肿瘤死亡率和重视40—59岁年龄段人群劳动力的保护有重要的社会和经济意义。     

1990年全国疾病监测点潜在寿命损失年分析

研究通过对我国１９９０年疾病监测点潜在寿命损失年（Ｙｅａｒｓｏｆｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｌｉｆｃｌｏｓｔ，ＹＰＬＬ）分析，得出：在我国对１～６５岁的劳动力人口的健康危害最严重的七种死因为：意外死亡、肿瘤、呼吸系疾病、感染性疾病、心血管疾病、消化系疾病和脑血管疾病。男女之间、城乡之间均有明显差别。动态变化分析可见心、脑血管疾病的危害近年来有所减少，而呼吸系疾病的危害却大大增加。提示我们应当针对上述七种主要死因采取多方面预防保健措施，同时注意不同性别、不同地区人群各有侧重点，以期更有效地保护劳动力。     

试论英法百年战争与英国资本主义萌芽的成长

长达百年的英法百年战争给英法两国带来了巨大影响。在政治和经济利益的驱动下 ,英王室调整了商业政策、扶持本国商人 ,大力发展生产 ,积极拓展海外市场 ,建立海上霸权。战争在一定程度上刺激、推动了正在成长中的资本主义生产关系萌芽。     

利用多种指标对哈尔滨市人群生命质量的评价

采用多种指标综合分析 ,对哈尔滨市区的人群生命质量进行了评价     

Use of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE in the treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: Results of a UK cost-effectiveness modelling study

AimTo evaluate the cost-effectiveness of [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE versus relevant comparators for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours located in the gastrointestinal tract (GI-NETs) and the pancreas (P-NETs).Materials and methodsA three-state partitioned survival model was developed to perform a cost-utility analysis of [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE versus standard of care (high dose Octreotide LAR), everolimus and sunitinib. Effectiveness data for SoC, everolimus and sunitinib were obtained from published Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Given a lack of head-to-head effectiveness data, matching adjusted indirect comparisons (MAICs) were performed to population-adjust [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE survival data based on prognostic factors and derive estimates of relative effectiveness. Health state utilities were estimated from real-world evidence. Drug acquisition costs were taken from nationally published sources (BNF, NICE), and administration costs were based on treatment protocols in [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE studies, combined with nationally published unit costs (PSSRU, DoH reference costs). Incidence of adverse events were estimated using published sources. A discount rate of 3.5% was applied to both utilities and costs, and deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. Costs were included from an NHS perspective and presented in 2017/18 GBP (and PPP Euros for base case).ResultsIn GI-NETs, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE compared to SoC and everolimus was £26,528 (€27,672) and £24,145 (€25,186) per QALY, respectively. In P-NETs, the ICER of [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE compared to SoC was £22,146 (€23,101) or £28,038 (€29,251) dependent on matched population, and £21,827 (€22,766) and £15,768 (€16,445) compared to everolimus and sunitinib, respectively.ConclusionsAt a willingness to pay threshold of £30,000, [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE is likely to be a cost-effective treatment option for GI-NET and P-NET patients versus relevant treatment comparators (NHS perspective).     

2型糖尿病患者依从性现状及其与社区管理年限的关系研究

背景　社区管理可促进糖尿病患者的依从性行为,有利于维持更好的健康状态。已有研究大多集中于社区管理对糖尿病患者依从性的影响,国内外尚缺乏不同社区管理年限对糖尿病患者依从性影响的研究。目的　了解2型糖尿病患者的依从性情况,探究社区管理年限对2型糖尿病患者依从性行为的影响。方法　于2017年7-9月,选取2017-09-29前在上海市普陀区社区卫生服务中心建卡,并纳入社区管理的2型糖尿病患者15 088例为研究对象,通过社区糖尿病患者管理系统获取患者的人口学资料、疾病相关信息、治疗情况和依从性情况。采用Logistic回归分析社区管理年限对糖尿病患者依从性行为的影响。结果　2型糖尿病患者的平均社区管理年限为（4.05±2.46）年,主要治疗方式是口服降糖药物（10 462例,69.34%）,其中,12 156例（80.57%）患者糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）控制达标,7 621例（50.51%）患者体质指数（BMI）控制良好,5 855例（38.81%）患者腰围控制差（中心性肥胖）,9 589例（63.55%）患者血压控制良好。2型糖尿病患者的服药依从率为95.55%（13 107/13 717）,不同年龄、病程、治疗方式、BMI控制情况、社区管理年限的2型糖尿病患者服药依从率比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;饮食控制率为87.19%（13 155/15 088）,不同性别、年龄、病程、治疗方式、BMI控制情况、社区管理年限的2型糖尿病患者饮食控制率比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;规律运动率为47.45%（7 159/15 088）,不同年龄、病程、社区管理年限的2型糖尿病患者规律运动率比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,调整性别、年龄、病程、BMI和治疗方式后,中长期管理（1~4年）是规律运动行为〔OR=1.415,95%CI（1.225,1.637）,P<0.05〕的促进因素;长期管理（>4年）是服药依从行为〔OR=2.925,95%CI（2.109,4.022）,P<0.05〕、饮食控制行为〔OR=2.051,95%CI（1.689,2.481）,P<0.05〕、规律运动行为〔OR=2.596,95%CI（2.239,3.016）,P<0.05〕的促进因素。结论　2型糖尿病患者的总体依从性情况良好,但规律运动情况欠佳,建议社区管理加强对患者规律运动的指导;长期管理比短期管理更有助于培养糖尿病患者良好的依从性行为,建议社区卫生服务中心及早将确诊患者纳入社区管理,并进行长期管理干预。     

Economic evaluation of long-term albumin use in cirrhosis patients from the Mexican healthcare system perspective

Introduction and objectivesLiver cirrhosis is a major public health issue associated with high morbidity and mortality. The ANSWER trial showed that long-term human albumin (LTA) infusions led to significant reduction of complications and mortality in patients with uncomplicated ascites. The present study aimed to assess the incremental cost of cirrhosis patients treated with LTA plus standard medical treatment (SMT) versus those treated with SMT from the perspective of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS).Material and methodsCost of illness for patients with cirrhosis and grade 2-3 ascites treated with SMT or with SMT and LTA (following the treatment regimen from ANSWER) over a one-year period was estimated according to the IMSS perspective. Rates of treatments, complications and hospitalizations were based on results from the ANSWER trial. Unit costs from IMSS were gathered from public sources and transformed to 2020 Mexican $ (Mex$).ResultsThe use of LTA is estimated to require additional annual expenditure derived from the pharmacological cost of human albumin and by the follow up visits required for LTA administration (Mex$28,128). However, this cost may potentially be counterbalanced by the reduction in paracentesis, cirrhosis-related complications and hospitalizations which would lead to cost savings of Mex$33,417 per patient/year.ConclusionsBased on the ANSWER trial results, our study suggests that LTA may result in improved clinical outcomes and reduced costs for the IMSS when administered to cirrhosis patients with uncomplicated ascites.