Prospect of Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Early Gastric Cancer: Our Devices in Insulated‐Tip Electrosurgical Knife Method

In Kobe University Hospital, a new method for endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) using insulated‐tip electrosurgical knife (IT‐EMR) for early gastric cancer (EGC) was introduced from November 2001. To achieve an effective and safe IT‐EMR procedure, we use a high‐frequency surgical unit for cutting and coagulation (ERBOTOM ICC 200) with automatically controlled cutting mode (ENDOCUT). In this study, we show not only our results of IT‐EMR for EGC in comparison with those of the conventional strip biopsy method, but also the optimal conditions for the apparatus of a high‐frequency surgical unit to prevent complications such as bleeding and perforation.     

NEW DEVICE TO PERFORM COAGULATION AND IRRIGATION SIMULTANEOUSLY DURING ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION USING AN INSULATION‐TIPPED ELECTROSURGICAL KNIFE

Background: Although bleeding is an unavoidable complication of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), endoscopic hemostasis using an insulation‐tipped electrosurgical knife (IT) knife is impossible because an insulator is mounted at the tip of the knife. We have developed a new type of hood which could perform both coagulation and irrigation simultaneously. Methods: Our new device was fabricated by drilling a side hole in the cap portion of a conventional transparent hood followed by attaching a machined papillotomy knife to the exterior surface of the hole. Results: Our new hood was useful for hemorrhage during ESD using IT knife. Conclusions: With this method, endoscopic hemostasis using IT knife is easy, as hemostatic procedure can be performed under irrigation and coagulation using conventional endoscopy.     

小针刀辅助自体脂肪颗粒移植在面部除皱及凹陷充填中的应用

目的探讨小针刀辅助自体脂肪颗粒注射除去额部、眉间、鼻唇沟等部位皱纹及充填面部凹陷的效果。方法利用自制小针刀,离断真皮与其下方的"纤维粘连",然后用自体脂肪颗粒注射除皱和充填凹陷部位。结果本组共68例。修复面积最大约10cm×8cm,最小约1.5cm×0.5cm。随访45例,随访时间3～18个月,效果满意或基本满意。结论小针刀辅助自体脂肪移植具有操作简单、快捷、价廉、安全、无排异、不留瘢痕、术后恢复快等优点,患者易于接受,是除去额部、眉间、鼻唇沟等部位皱纹及填充面部凹陷的有效方法。     

TECHNIQUES AND PITFALLS OF ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION FOR COLORECTAL TUMORS

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for colorectal tumors is steadily being developed. Safety and standardization of ESD for colorectal tumors have not been yet established because of the technical difficulties and the unsuitable anatomical characteristics of the colon and rectum. The authors mainly use a Flex knife for mucosal incision and a Hook knife for submucosal dissection to perform ESD safely. Skillful colonoscopic control, selection of scope, distal attachment tip hood, adequate high‐frequency generator and correct approach strategy should all be considered for safe performance of ESD. However, the incidence of indicative lesions is rare because the majority of colorectal tumors are adenomatous large laterally spreading tumors, which can be cured by intentional endoscopic piecemeal resection. At present, ESD for colorectal tumors should be performed only at central facilities that have expert colonoscopists. With the development of new devices and associated techniques, technical standardization of ESD for colorectal tumors is expected in the near future.     

Is endoscopic one‐piece mucosal resection essential for early gastric cancer?

Background: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is widely accepted as a minimally invasive treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC) in Japan. However, the criteria for EMR must be strictly adhered to otherwise patients will miss the chance for additional therapy. We assess the important factor in expanding the indication of EMR. Methods: We investigated 1101 EGCs that had been resected by EMR at the National Cancer Center Hospital (NCCH), Tokyo, Japan, according to the indication recommended by Japanese Gastric Cancer Association (JGCA) and the expanded indication proposed by NCCH. Curability and local recurrence of the EMRs were assessed related to the applied indication and the number of resected specimens. Results: The recurrence rate of non‐evaluable resection was higher than that of evaluable resection (P < 0.0001). Eighty‐three lesions among 772 lesions in the JGCA group were non‐evaluable. Thirty‐seven leisons among 329 lesions in the NCCH group were non‐evaluable. There was no difference in the rate of non‐evaluable resection between JGCA and NCCH groups (P = 0.8329). However, the rate of curative resection was lower in the NCCH group than in the JGCA group (P = 0.0009). In piecemeal resection, there was no difference in the rate of non‐evaluable resection between JGCA and NCCH groups (P = 0.0527). In one‐piece resection, the rate of non‐evaluable resection was lower in the NCCH group than the JGCA group (P = 0.0137). Conclusion: Based on our series of cases, we propose one‐piece resection as a gold standard for EMR because it enables accurate histological evaluation, even in the EMR, according to the expanded indication.     

星形胶质细胞瘤伽玛刀治疗的疗效与影响因素

目的分析星形胶质细胞瘤伽玛刀(γ-刀)治疗的疗效与影响因素.方法回顾性分析48例星形胶质细胞瘤病人的γ-刀治疗结果.以性别、有无普通放疗经过、有无化疗经过、边缘剂量、病灶的平均直径、病变的病理等级、影像学上有无相对较清楚的边界为治疗结果影响因素,判定标准以病灶缩小为有效,采用logistic回归模型,确定多因素条件下治疗结果的影响因素.结果有效32例(66.7%),logistic回归模型分析表明:病理等级和病灶平均直径为与肿瘤控制有关的影响因素.结论γ-刀对星形胶质细胞瘤的治疗有一定的意义.     

X-刀立体定向放射治疗颅内肿瘤的近期疗效分析

目的:分析立体定向X-刀放射治疗颅内肿瘤后的近期疗效,并进行阶段性工作总结。材料和方法:53例不同类型脑瘤患者,以CT、MR、DSA图像资料作为定位依据,用德国Brain LAB治疗计划系统设计三维优化方案,西门子MD-2型直线加速器旋转照射。结果:53例患者经X-刀治疗后,近期均取得了满意效果,诸如以卡氏评分法评价,临床症状有所改善;以CT增强扫描复查观察,肿瘤大小趋于缩小或消失。结论:立体定向放射治疗后的追踪观察表明,只要严格掌握适应症,精确定位,精确计划,精心治疗,X-刀是一种安全、有效、无痛苦的治疗脑肿瘤的方法。它可起到改善临床症状,提高患者生活质量,延长生存期限的作用。     

伽玛刀治疗垂体大腺瘤临床分析(附30例报告)

目的 研究伽玛刀治疗垂体大腺瘤的效果及影响疗效的因素。方法 30例垂体大腺瘤病人用1．0T磁共振定位，Gamma-plan计划系统规划，等剂量曲线45％～60％(平均49．7％)，周边剂量12～35Gy(平均22.9Gy)，中心剂量24～70Gy(平均45．4Gy)．Leksell伽玛刀实施放射外科治疗。分析治疗后垂体大腺瘤病例，总结其疗效和影响疗效的因素。结果 随访12～60个月，平均28个月，肿瘤完全消失6例(20％)，肿瘤缩小19例(63．3％)，无变化5例(16．7％)；19／20(95．5％)功能性垂体腺瘤内分泌症状改善，临床症状好转，1例过早绝经(年龄36岁)；5／10(50％)无功能性垂体腺瘤体积缩小．症状改善。结论 伽玛刀对于垂体大腺瘤仍是一种有效的治疗方法，其疗神与腺瘤的举类型、体积、照射剂量、剂量体剂、MRI信号特征密切相姜。     

伽玛刀治疗功能性垂体瘤初步报告

目的 对伽玛刀治疗分泌型垂体瘤的疗效和并发症发生的相关因素进行探讨。方法 1997年9月至2001年11月，248例垂体瘤经伽玛刀治疗。其中．73例年龄在16至61岁的分泌型垂体瘤获得详细随访，53例为PRL型，11例GH型，2例为ACTH型，6例为PRL合并GH型，1例为PRL合并ACTH型。7例为术后复发和残留。23例曾接受过嗅隐亭治疗。平均肿瘤容积为5．83cm^3(0．14～25．20cm^3)。边缘剂量为8～35Gy。结果 平均随访时间21个月。36例(49.3％)内分泌恢复正常。内分泌恢复正常的比率3个月后1．4％，6个月后16．4％．1年后45．2％，2年后49．3％。3例(4、1％)发生垂体瘤功能低下。1例复发二次治疗。无病例发生视路受损。结论 伽玛刀治疗分泌型垂体瘤是安全有效的治疗方法。其长期疗效和并发症的发生仍需进一步的随访观察。     

术中氩氦刀治疗晚期胰腺癌

目的 探讨术中氩靶向冷冻治疗系统（即氩氦刀）治疗晚期胰腺癌的安全性及疗效。方法 2001-2002年期间8例晚期胰腺癌使用了术中氩氦刀治疗。结果 8例晚期胰腺癌病人中，平均生存期为8．6个月，1例目前仍然存活。5例腹痛病人，3例完全缓解，2例部分缓解；1例腰背痛病人，疼痛部分缓解。结论 术中氩氦刀治疗尽管不能明显延长晚期胰腺癌病人的平均生存期，但能明显缓解病人的疼痛，提高病人的生活质量，仍不失为一种有效的晚期胰腺癌的姑息治疗方法。