The Current Status and Future of the Artificial Kidney

The use of the artificial kidney can presently be extended to almost all patients with end-stage renal failure. To reduce the cost of treatment, technological choices have to be made. These are always a compromise between cost and adequacy. The liberty obtained by technical improvements to perform a dialysis "à la carte," depending on patient and doctor wishes, is one of the main characteristics of the present status of hemodialysis.     

Repercusiones del confinamiento por COVID-19 en pacientes crónicos de Andalucía

ObjectiveTo understand the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the self-care of people living with chronic diseases and on their self-perceived health, and to identify factors that may influence the management of their disease in emergency situations.MethodA qualitative study conducted in 2020 (March and April) in Andalusia (Spain) during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, through virtual focus groups, using the Zoom telematics tool. Three virtual focus groups were conducted, including 34 patients from Andalusia with different chronic conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, breast cancer and fibromyalgia.ResultsPeople with chronic diseases reported effects of the lockdown in relation to their emotional experience, their coping resources, the information they received, the difficulties to manage self-care, and the contact or access to health services. They also suggested some lessons learned for the future. The need for more and better information, patient training, involving patient associations, and improving telematics access to health services are the main areas for improvement to minimize the impact of future quarantines on the self-care and the health of people with chronic diseases.ConclusionsBesides the risk of contracting COVID-19, the difficulties encountered by people with chronic diseases during the lockdown include interferences in the self-care and the health care received. Health crisis situations demand more information, training for patients and improvements in the health services accessibility for patients with chronic conditions.     

Orem自理模式应用于产程管理中的效果探讨

目的:探讨Qrom自理模式在产程管理中的可行性和效果。方法:选择同期拟经阴道分娩产妇200例,其中100例实施常规产时服务模式管理(对照组),100例实施自理模式管理(自理组),比较两组产妇的分娩结局、产时干预情况、产妇满意度和助产士满意度。结果:自理组无指征剖宫产率、椎管内麻醉镇痛率、全程导乐陪伴率、催产素使用率明显低于对照组,产妇满意度和助产士满意度高于对照组。两组上述各项指标比较,差异有显著性或极显著性意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:O rem自理模式应用于产程管理中可促进自然分娩,减少产时干预,提高产妇和助产士满意度。     

综合运用中医护理对中风偏瘫患者生活自理能力的影响分析

目的 探讨中医护理对中风偏瘫患者临床辅助疗效与生活自理能力的影响.方法 收集2015年1月至2017年1月入院的80例中风偏瘫患者随机分为两组,对照组患者给予常规护理,实验组患者则加施中医护理,两组患者干预前后中风偏瘫症状积分肢体功能、痉挛程度、日常生活能力、总体干预效果与家属护理满意度比较.结果 实验组患者干预后中风偏瘫症状总积分(11.14±2.37)组间比较显著性低于对照组(20.13±2.18);干预后上肢Fulg-Meyer评分(21.40±3.37)、下肢Fulg-Meyer评分(22.08±3.08)与ADL评分(72.14±9.04)组间比较显著性高于对照组(18.16±2.90)、(18.75±2.77)、(62.38±9.31),CSI评分(9.69± 1.27)组间比较显著性低于对照组(11.20±1.43),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);总有效率92.5％明显高于对照组72.5％;家属护理满意度明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 综合运用中医护理对中风偏瘫患者生活自理能力的影响效果显著,可提升护理满意度,具有借鉴意义.     

Orem自护理论对鼻咽癌病人生活质量影响的调查

目的:了解以"Orem自护理论"指导的鼻咽癌自护计划对病人生活质量的影响。方法:对66例鼻咽癌病人随机分为实验组和对照组,应用症状自评量表在治疗护理前一周及治疗结束后一周作出独立的测试并对二组因子差值进行比较。结果:实验组和对照组在躯体化、强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、精神病性、其他因子等方面差别有高度显著性意义。偏执因子差别有显著性意义。结论:Orem自护理论"指导的鼻咽癌自护计划能改善鼻咽癌病人心理健康状况,从而改善生活质量。     

健康教育路径对提高肠造口病人自我护理能力的效果观察

目的 探讨健康教育路径对提高肠造口病人自我护理能力的效果.方法 将83例肠造口病人随机分为观察组(42例)和对照组(41例,),观察组采用肠造口病人健康教育路径方法,对照组采用随机健康教育方法.结果 两组病人在自我护理能力和满意度的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 对肠造口病人采用健康教育路径方法,能提高病人的自我护理能力和满意度.     

Self-care activities,glycaemic control and health-related quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria

Background and aimsDiabetes is one of the global health emergencies of the 21st century. This study sought to assess self-care behaviours, glycaemic control and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of type 2 diabetes patients at a Nigerian hospital, determine factors associated with HRQoL, and assess the inter-relationship among these outcomes.MethodsThe Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) measure was used to assess self-care behaviours; HRQoL was assessed with the Appraisal of Diabetes Scale (ADS) and SF-12v2 Health Survey. Glycaemic control was assessed with fasting blood sugar (FBS). The questionnaires were distributed to 250 eligible patients attending Endocrinology clinic at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.ResultsMean scores (±SD) of self-care behaviours were 4.0 ± 1.3, 3.9 ± 1.0, 2.4 ± 1.2, 1.0 ± 1.1, and 2.5 ± 2.1 for general diet, specific diet, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, and foot care respectively. Mean FBS was 7.1 ± 2.1 mmol/L. Mean ADS score was 18.1 ± 4.2. The physical and mental component summary scores were 47.84 ± 8.21 and 45.66 ± 8.74 respectively. HRQoL was significantly associated with patient socio-demographic (except gender) and clinical variables (p < 0.05). Self-care activities, FBS and HRQoL were significantly inter-correlated (r_s ?0.31 to 0.68; p < 0.01, p < 0.001).ConclusionsPatients were more adherent to diet recommendations than to other aspects of self-care. Though most patients had adequate glucose control, the presence of diabetes had a negative impact on the mental component of health. HRQoL was affected by most of the patient-related variables. Interventions to improve adherence to self-care are recommended to achieve good glycaemic control and improve HRQoL.     

Blood glucose monitoring (BGM) still matters for many: Associations of BGM frequency and glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes

AimsThis study aimed to compare three approaches of blood glucose monitoring (BGM) frequency attainment and to examine their associations with glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsCross-sectional data was derived from the baseline assessment in three clinical trials. Clinical and demographic characteristics of youth with T1D was obtained by chart review. BGM frequency was assessed by parent-youth interview, chart review, and meter downloads. To examine the relationship between A1c and frequency of BGM we performed analysis of variance.ResultsIn youth with T1D (N = 385, 50% female, age 13.6 ± 2.5 years, 74% pump users), the 3 methods of assessing BGM frequency were significantly correlated. Frequency by self-report (6.4 ± 2.3 times/day) was significantly higher than both meter download (5.6 ± 2.4 times/day, p < 0.0001) and clinician report (5.7 ± 2.4 times/day, p < 0.0001). For all methods, more frequent BGM was associated with lower A1c and lower mean glucose (p < 0.0001). For each additional daily blood glucose check, there was a 0.2% decrease in A1c (p < 0.0001).ConclusionBGM remains a potent predictor of glycemic control, warranting continued targeting in clinical efforts to improve glycemic management in youth with T1D.     

自护教育和护理包使用对无喉患者的效果观察

目的 探讨术后早期实施自我护理教育和后期指导护理包使用对无喉患者产生的效果.方法 符合入组条件40例喉全切除术后患者按手术日期分为对照组和观察组各20例,对照组接受常规护理;观察组除接受常规护理措施外由专业护士进行系统干预,干预内容包括早期自我护理教育和后期指导使用护理包.分别于术后15 d、3个月进行问卷调查,比较2组应对方式、自护能力及生存质量.结果 应对方式比较2次测评结果均有显著差异.自护能力比较术后15 d自护技能和健康知识水平有差异,其他2项比较无差异;术后3个月自护4个项目比较均有显著差异.患者生存质量总分评定2组比较有差异.结论 术后早期进行系统自护教育和后期指导使用护理包可以推动患者积极应对,提高自理能力和生存质量.