15种生药提取物抑制痤疮致病菌的活性筛选

目的 :对 15种生药乙醇提取物的体外抑制痤疮致病菌活性进行敏感性测试。方法 :采用最大浓度抑菌试验和最低抑菌浓度 (MIC)比较其抑菌效果。结果 :丁香生药挥发油对痤疮致病菌痤疮短棒菌苗 (P .acne)、金黄色葡萄球菌 (S .aureus)、表皮葡萄球菌 (S .epidermidis)均有强烈的抑制作用 ,厚朴、艾叶油、金银花、蒲公英等有中等程度的抑菌作用。结论 :丁香酚的抑菌效果在所试药物中最好。     

All-trans retinoic acid suppresses liver injury induced by Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide in rats

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been reported to exert major effects on the immune system, including monocytes/macrophages. The present study was designed to determine whether ATRA would modulate macrophage-associated liver injury induced by Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. All-trans retinoic acid administration alleviated the liver injury and reduced the incidence of death following hepatic failure. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels 5 h after, and survival rates within 12 h after the administration of LPS were significantly lower in the ATRA-treated group (134 ± 119 IU/L and 72.7%) compared with the control group (713 ± 411 IU/L and 18.2%; P < 0.05). Histological findings supported these results. These effects may be due to suppression of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and superoxide anions produced by activated macrophages. Serum levels of TNF-α 1 h after LPS administration were significantly lower in the ATRA-treated group (60.5 ± 7.0 ng/mL) as compared with the control group (105.2 ± 39.3 ng/mL; P < 0.05). Formazan deposition that was generated by the perfusion of the liver with nitroblue tetrazolium, also suggested suppression of the release of superoxide anions from hepatic macrophages. These results suggest that ATRA acts as an immunomodulator in liver injury by suppressing the activation of liver macrophages.     

Molecular diagnosis of a vascular prosthesis infection, due to Propionibacterium acnes, by amplification and sequencing of 16S rDNA

We describe a case of indolent vascular prosthesis infection due to Propionibacterium acnes. The microorganism was identified only by amplification and sequencing of 16S rDNA, while standard cultures remained negative. This observation underscores the usefulness of molecular techniques for the diagnosis of infection caused by fastidious microorganisms.     

进行性斑状色素减少症发病机制初步探讨

目的探讨进行性斑状色素减少症(progressive macular hypomelanosis,PMH)患者皮损中分离出的痤疮丙酸杆菌对人角质形成细胞(human keratinocytes,HaCaT)细胞分泌干扰素(interferon,IFN)-γ、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)-α的影响。方法体外培养HaCaT细胞株,分别加入分离自PMH的痤疮丙酸杆菌、痤疮丙酸杆菌标准菌株(NCTC737),酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)方法测定细胞上清液中IFN-γ、IL-6、TNF-α的分泌量。结果 PMH患者中分离的痤疮丙酸杆菌与角质形成细胞HaCaT细胞株共培养后,能促进角质形成细胞分泌IFN-γ和IL-6,与空白组比较,有明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与痤疮丙酸杆菌标准菌株NCTC737相比也升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论进行性斑状色素减少症皮损中分离出的痤疮丙酸杆菌可刺激HaCaT细胞分泌IFN-γ、IL-6、TNF-α,提示可能是皮损色素减退的原因之一。     

Propionibacterium acnes: infection beyond the skin

Propionibacterium acnes is a Gram-positive bacterium that forms part of the normal flora of the skin, oral cavity, large intestine, the conjunctiva and the external ear canal. Although primarily recognized for its role in acne, P. acnes is an opportunistic pathogen, causing a range of postoperative and device-related infections. These include infections of the bones and joints, mouth, eye and brain. Device-related infections include those of joint prostheses, shunts and prosthetic heart valves. P. acnes may play a role in other conditions, including inflammation of the prostate leading to cancer, SAPHO (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis) syndrome, sarcoidosis and sciatica. If an active role in these conditions is established there are major implications for diagnosis, treatment and protection. Genome sequencing of the organism has provided an insight into the pathogenic potential and virulence of P. acnes.     

A case of nodular-type muscular sarcoidosis: findings of imaging,histopathology, and polymerase chain reaction

Abstract

We report a case of nodular-type muscular sarcoidosis with no systemic symptoms. Thallium-201 scintigraphy showed intense uptake in the muscular lesion mimicking malignant soft tissue tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated characteristic signal patterns of peripheral high intensity with central low intensity (“three stripes” pattern). Microscopy revealed sarcoid granuloma with typical histopathological characteristics. Propionibacterium acnes was detected on polymerase chain reaction analysis of the excised tissue.     

Breast abscess caused by Propionibacterium avidum following breast reduction surgery: case report and review of the literature

Propionibacterium avidum was isolated from bilateral breast abscesses following breast reduction surgery. This report highlights the potential pathogenicity of the normal microbial flora following surgical interventions.     

An experimentally-induced acute hepatic failure model in various strains of mice

When BALB/cAJcl mice are intravenously injected with heat-killedPropionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) followed by an intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 7 days later, massive necrosis is induced in the liver tissue and most of the mice die within 24 hours of LPS injection. Using this experimental model, acute hepatic failure was induced in various strains of mice and the difference in the response was studied. As a result, as in BALB/cAJcl mice, acut hepatic failure was also induced in BALB/ cAJcl-nu, AKR/J, C3H/HeNJcl, C57BL/6NJcl and DDy mice. However, as an exception, hepatic cell necrosis was hardly seen and the survival rate was remarkable high in C3H/HeJ mice, which genetically do not respond to LPS stimulation. These results indicate that for this experimental induction of acute hepatic failure, macrophages must be activated by the two-step stimulation ofP. acnes and LPS.     

青蒿琥酯对痤疮丙酸杆菌的体外抑菌作用及机制研究

目的探究青蒿琥酯对痤疮丙酸杆菌的体外抑菌作用及相关机制。方法采用微量肉汤稀释法检测痤疮丙酸杆菌标准株和临床株,观测青蒿琥酯联合盐酸多西环素的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),并观察2种药物对痤疮丙酸杆菌生长的动态影响。采用扫描电镜观察青蒿琥酯作用后痤疮丙酸杆菌的形态学变化。结果青蒿琥酯MIC为0.750~3.000 mg/mL,盐酸多西环素MIC为0.040~0.160μg/mL,两药联合使用呈相加或协同抑菌作用。两药在单药和联合使用时的MIC差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。细菌生长动态观察结果显示两药联合使用可降低药物浓度,且抑菌作用起效快、持续时间长。扫描电镜观察结果显示青蒿琥酯作用后菌体变短,表面有皱瘪、凹陷、弯折等改变。结论青蒿琥酯对痤疮丙酸杆菌有一定抑菌作用,与盐酸多西环素联合使用抑菌效果优于单独使用,且对痤疮丙酸杆菌形态有影响。     

In vitro anti‐adhesive activity of green tea extract against pathogen adhesion

Camellia sinensis polysaccharide has been reported to possess anti‐adhesive activity against pathogens. The present study was designed to investigate whether hot water extracts obtained from green tea leaves might inhibit pathogen adhesion to human or mouse cell lines. Green tea extract‐4 (CSI‐4) with the maximum yield of 4% (w/v) is composed of a major proportion of carbohydrates containing 40% uronic acids, but lack of catechins. It showed strong inhibitory activities against hemagglutination mediated by pathogens Helicobacter pylori, Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus with the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.01‐0.5 mg/mL. CSI‐4 further demonstrated an inhibitory effect on the adhesion of these pathogens to host cell lines with the IC₅₀ values (50% inhibition of adhesion) of 0.14–2.3 mg/mL. It exhibited the highest activity against P. acnes, but no inhibitory effects were observed against Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Escherichia coli, or Staphylococcus epidermidis. Our results suggest that CSI‐4 may exert a selective anti‐adhesive effect against certain pathogenic bacteria with no adverse effects against beneficial or commensal bacteria. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.