Lobomycosis: a therapeutic challenge

Lobomycosis or lacaziosis is a chronic granulomatous fungal infection caused by Lacazia loboi. Most cases are restricted to tropical regions. Transmission is believed to occur through traumatic inoculation in the skin, mainly in exposed areas. It is characterized by keloid-like nodules. There are only a few hundred cases reported. The differential diagnoses include many skin conditions, and treatment is difficult. The reported case, initially diagnosed as keloid, proved to be refractory to surgical treatment alone. It was subsequently approached with extensive surgery, cryotherapy every three months and a combination of itraconazole and clofazimine for two years. No signs of clinical and histopathological activity were detected during follow-up.     

口腔颌面外科手术病人口腔感染的临床特点和危险因素分析

目的 探讨口腔颌面外科手术口腔感染的临床特点和相关因素,并分析护理效果。方法 收集新疆医科大学第一附属医院2015年1—12月的809例口腔颌面外科手术的病人为对照组,分析术后口腔感染发生率、病原菌种类以及影响因素,由此提出预防性护理措施。然后收集该院2016年1—12月的939例口腔颌面外科手术的病人为观察组,进行护理干预,比较对照组和观察组病人口腔感染率、口腔评分和病人对护理的满意度。结果 对照组口腔感染率为7.54%(61/809),其中口腔恶性肿瘤切除的口腔感染率最高,约为15.52%(9/58)。在61例口腔感染的病人中,真菌感染5例(8.20%),革兰阳性细菌感染36例(59.02%),革兰阴性细菌感染20例(32.78%),混合性感染27例。单因素和多因素logistic回归分析显示:手术时间、侵入性操作、围手术期预防用药、糖尿病、住院时间和手术性质是影响口腔颌面外科手术后口腔感染发生率的危险因素(P＜0.05)。观察组口腔感染率为2.45%(23/916),口腔评分为(10.36±2.44)分,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(χ2＝24.620,P＝0.000;t＝2.134,P＜0.01);观察组的满意度为89.14%,与对照组(87.54%)相比,差异无统计学意义(χ2＝1.114,P＝0.296)。结论 口腔恶性肿瘤切除的口腔感染率最高;手术时间、侵入性操作、围手术期预防用药、糖尿病、住院时间和手术性质等均是影响口腔颌面外科手术后口腔感染发生率的独立危险因素;针对口腔颌面外科手术后口腔感染的相关影响因素进行预防性护理,可显著降低手术病人的口腔感染率,提高病人的口腔评分。     

鼻内镜手术治疗真菌性鼻窦炎

我科1998年7月至2005年6月经鼻内镜手术治疗真菌性鼻窦炎32例,报道如下. 1 资料与方法 1.1 临床资料.患者32例,其中男18例,女14例,年龄24～67 岁,病程3个月至18年.     

Immunoreactive cutaneous sporotrichosis

Sporothrix spp. infection can occur through the inoculation of the organism in the skin through direct contact with the soil (sapronotic infection), through contact with animals, such as infected cats and dogs (zoonotic infection), or less frequently via inhalation. With a subacute or chronic evolution, approximately 80% of patients affected by the disease present with the lymphocutaneous form; episodes associated with a hypersensitivity reaction are rare. The authors report the case of a 12-year-old child with immunoreactive sporotrichosis manifested clinically as erythema nodosum lesions in the lower limbs, associated with an ulcerated lesion in the left arm.     

ITS序列鉴定真菌性鼻窦炎病原的方法评价

目的 建立ITS(包括ITSI-5.8 rRNA-ITS2)测序鉴定真菌性鼻窦炎病原的方法.方法 收集北京同仁医院2006-2008年,经临床与CT诊断为真菌性鼻窦炎,并行鼻内镜手术切除的组织标本270份.所有标本分别进行组织病理检查、压片直接镜检、真菌培养鉴定和核糖体RNA转录间隔区测序分析,通过方法比较,评价序列分析直接鉴定病原真菌的可行性,同时分析真菌性鼻窦炎病原学特征.结果 在270份标本中,组织病理阳性率为80.0%(216/270),压片阳性率为80.0%(216/270),真菌培养阳性率为53.0%(143/270),ITS测序阳性率为63.0%(170/270).经培养得到22个种,6个属.ITS测序鉴定32个种.培养与ITS序列种水平符合率为76.1%(102/143).结论 ITS测序可成为真菌鉴定的辅助工具.     

支气管肺泡灌洗液中（1，3）-β-D葡聚糖检测对儿童侵袭性肺真菌病的诊断价值

【目的】探讨支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中（1,3）-β-D-葡聚糖（BG）水平检测（G试验）对儿童侵袭性肺真菌病（IPFI）的诊断价值。【方法】选择本院收治的135例患儿,其中IPFI组34例、单纯肺炎组53例、非感染组48例,对所有入选患儿进行纤维支气管镜检查,留取BALF,同时采血行血清G试验。【结果】IPFI组BALF中BG水平和血清BG水平分别为（121．0士65．93）ng／L（23．29士20．49）ng／L,均明显高于单纯肺炎组（27．6士10．35）ng／L、（9．8±7．62）ng／L和非感染组（10．0±6．25）ng／L、（5．0±5．12）ng／L,其差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;IPFI组BALF中BG水平明显高于同组血清BG水平,其差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;BALF样本G试验用于诊断IPFI的最佳临界值是42．02ng／L,其灵敏度和特异度均明显高于血清G试验检测。【结论】BALF样本G试验诊断IPFI较血清标本具有更高的灵敏度和特异度,且在区分单纯肺炎和真菌感染方面可能比血清G试验更有优势,可减少IPFI的误诊、漏诊,为抗真菌药物的使用提供依据。     

Fungal infections in solid organ transplantation: An update on diagnosis and treatment

Invasive fungal infections constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplantation recipients. Since solid organ transplantation is an effective therapy for many patients with end-stage organ failure, prevention and treatment of fungal infections are of vital importance. Diagnosis and management of these infections, however, remain difficult due to the variety of clinical symptoms in addition to the lack of accurate diagnostic methods. The use of fungal biomarkers can lead to an increased diagnostic accuracy, resulting in improved clinical outcomes. The evidence for optimal prophylactic approaches remains inconclusive, which results in considerable variation in the administration of prophylaxis. The implementation of a standard protocol for prophylaxis remains difficult as previous treatment regimens, which can alter the distribution of different pathogens, affect the outcome of antifungal susceptibility testing. Furthermore, the increasing use of antifungals also contributes to incremental costs and the risk of development of drug resistance. This review will highlight risk factors, clinical manifestations and timing of fungal infections and will focus predominately on the current evidence for diagnosis and management of fungal infections.