Outcomes after neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy for cT2-4N0-1 non–small cell lung cancer: A propensity-matched analysis

Objective

Comparative survival between neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with cT2-4N0-1M0 non–small cell lung cancer has not been extensively studied.

Systematic review: Predictors of students’ success in baccalaureate nursing programs

Nursing schools strive to select a diverse student population who are likely to succeed by ensuring timely student progression through the program and effective use of educational sources. The purpose of this systematic literature review is to explore the preadmission variables and selection criteria that predict student success in 4-year baccalaureate nursing programs in the U.S. Sixteen articles met the eligibility criteria, and six measures were used to define student success: (a) early academic success, particularly during the first and second year; (b) attrition; (c) timely completion of the program; (d) graduation; (e) performance in nursing courses; and (f) academic performance in other science courses. Typically, the core set of cognitive predictors used in the admission process in nursing schools were pre-nursing GPA, pre-nursing collegiate science GPA, and scores on standardized aptitude exams. This review suggests that it is challenging to isolate one single variable as the best predictor of student success; however, using a combination of variables can offer a reliable prediction method. More researchers should consider using a theoretical basis to guide their inquiry on this topic. Additionally, researchers should examine admission variables that are most relevant across programs.     

Same-Day Yttrium-90 Radioembolization: Feasibility with Resin Microspheres

Purpose

To evaluate the feasibility of a same-day yttrium-90 (⁹⁰Y) radioembolization protocol with resin microspheres (including pretreatment angiography, lung shunt fraction [LSF] determination, and radioembolization) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver metastases.

Policy determinants affecting the hunger millennium development goal

The possible effect of Government Consumption (a component of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)) on attainment of the hunger Millennium Development Goal (MDG1) was analyzed by evaluating the effect of macroeconomic, social, demographic and policy variables on average undernourished population. Eighty-four developing countries with data available on undernourished population were included in an ecological study. Regression models were applied to explore possible determinants of Undernourished between 1990 and 2004 and consequent achievement of the projected 2004 MDG1. In 2004, 1.4% of the overall undernourished population in the studied countries [70.16 million people] was in excess of the projected level required to meet MDG1. The multiple linear regression showed significant associations between Undernourished and poverty levels, the Gini Index, rural population and Government Consumption. The multiple logistic regression showed significant associations between achievement of projected 2004 MDG1 levels and Government Consumption and the Gini Index. The significant associations between Undernourished and Government Consumption suggest that the effects of GDP components on social conditions call for more thorough research and that policymakers such as governments and international financial institutions need to ensure that changes in distributive and redistributive policies do not negatively affect the possibility of achieving MDG1.     

我国高等医学院校教学医院评审的回顾

本文回顾了国内教学医院评审的文献，总结了在教育评价理论的指导下，我国大部分省市卫生教育行政部门及医学院校近10年来开展大规模的教学医院评审的实践，包括评审的实施、取得的成效以及存在的问题。     

The categorical and dimensional models of endogenous depression

We calculated a Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) endogenous score for 257 depressed inpatients based on the number of endogenous criteria present. The distribution of RDC endogenous scores was unimodal. There was no association between endogenous scores and results of the Dexamethasone Suppression Test, or morbid risk for depression in the patients' first-degree relatives. The morbid risk for a family history of alcoholism tended to decrease with increasing endogenous scores, although a consistent steady decline was not observed. The results suggest that the RDC criteria do not fit either the categorical or dimensional model of endogenous classification. Potential sources of difficulty with the RDC endogenous criteria are discussed.     

One-year prevalence and incidence of depression among first-year university students in Japan: a preliminary study

A structured interview was used to examine the 1-year incidence and prevalence of depression among 116 first-year university students. While 24 of the subjects (20.7%) met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th ed. (DSM-IV) criteria for Major Depressive Episode (MDE), 62 (53.4%) met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 3rd ed. Revised (DSM-III-R) criteria for MDE, and 27 (23.3%) also met the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) for the 12 months prior to the interview. Moreover, 23 of the subjects (19.8%) had onset of the DSM-IV criteria for MDE, 54 (46.6%) had onset of the DSM-III-R criteria for MDE, 24 (20.7%) had onset of the RDC for MDD, during the same time period. These high rates of depression may be explained by the students' difficulties in and by their readjustment after entering university.     

单中心20年原发性肾病综合征不同激素效应患儿临床特点及预后分析

目的 了解原发性肾病综合征患儿激素效应状况及不同激素效应患儿的临床特点和预后.方法 回顾性分析北京大学第一医院1993年1月至2012年12月原发性肾病综合征(24h尿蛋白定量≥50 mg/kg,血浆清蛋白＜25 g/L)患儿的临床资料.纳入随访1年以上者,根据患儿对足量激素的效应分为4周内转阴组、4～8周转阴组和8周耐药组.比较各组性别、年龄、临床表型、并发症、激素不良反应和严重预后(慢性肾功能不全、肾移植或死亡)发生情况的差异.结果 共1 059例患儿符合原发性肾病综合征,激素效应明确者841例,其中4周以内转阴者603例(71.7％,603/841例),4～8周转阴者34例(4.0％,34/841例),8周未转阴者204例(24.3％,204/841例),初次治疗尿蛋白平均转阴时间(13.2±8.9)d,中位转阴时间10.0 d.对随访病程1年以上的369例行进一步分析,4周内转阴组276例(74.8％,276/369例),4～8周转阴组18例(4.9％,18/369例),8周耐药组75例(20.3％,75/369例).3组性别分布相似,起病年龄差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),4周内转阴组、4～8周转阴组和8周耐药组起病年龄分别为(5.2±3.3)岁、(5.7±3.3)岁和(6.6±3.8)岁.4～8周转阴组(单纯型83.3％,15/18例)与4周内转阴组(单纯型95.3％,263/276例)均以单纯型为主,与8周耐药组(单纯型45.3％,34/75例)比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).4～8周转阴组(11.1％,2/18例)与4周内转阴组(4.3％,12/276例)及8周耐药组(0)比较,急性肾上腺皮质功能不全发生率差异有统计学意义(P=0.04).3组间其余激素不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义.4周内转阴组(1.4％,4/276例)、4～8周转阴组(0)和8周耐药组(16.0％,12/75例)比较,严重预后发生率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 71.7％的原发性肾病综合征患儿在足量激素治疗4周内尿蛋白转阴,4周内尿蛋白未转阴者14.3％的患儿继续足量激素治疗可能在8周内转阴,其余患儿即使足量激素治疗8周尿蛋白亦不能转阴.足量激素治疗8周内转阴患儿以单纯型为主,预后较好,8周耐药者以肾炎型为主,预后较差.对于足量激素治疗4～8周内转阴的患儿需警惕急性肾上腺皮质功能不全的风险.     

Targeting access to reproductive health: giving contraception more prominence and using indicators to monitor progress

Unmet need for contraception represents a major failure in the provision of reproductive health services and reflects the extent of access to services for spacing and limiting births, which are also affected by personal, partner, community and health system factors. In the context of the Millennium Development Goals, family planning has been given insufficient attention compared to maternal health and the control of sexually transmitted infections. As this omission is being redressed, efforts should be directed towards ensuring that an indicator of unmet need is used as a measure of access to services. The availability of data on unmet need must also be increased to enable national comparisons and facilitate resource mobilisation. Unmet need is a vital component in monitoring the proportion of women able to space and limit births. Unmet need for contraception is a measure conditioned by people's preferences and choices and therefore firmly introduces a rights perspective into development discourse and serves as an important instrument to improve the sensitivity of policy dialogue. The new reproductive health target and the opportunity it offers to give appropriate attention to unmet need for contraception will allow the entry of other considerations vital to ensuring universal access to reproductive health.