Synergism through combination of chemotherapy and oxidative stress-induced autophagy in A549 lung cancer cells using redox-responsive nanohybrids: A new strategy for cancer therapy

A combination of various therapeutic approaches has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. A safe and competent nano-delivery system is thus in urgent demand to facilitate the simultaneous transport of various therapeutic agents to cancer cells and a tumor region to achieve synergistic effect. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSNs) were fabricated herein as potential candidates for drug delivery. Serving as gatekeepers, GNPs (5 nm in diameter) were attached onto the amino-functionalized MSNs (denoted as NMSNs) via a relatively weak gold–nitrogen bonding. The resulting nanohybrids (denoted as GCMSNs) were uptaken by cells, and the detachment of GNPs and subsequent intracellular drug release from NMSNs were achieved by competitive binding of intracellular glutathione to GNPs. In addition to the function of gatekeeping, GNPs also play another role as the oxidative stress elicitor. Our in vitro studies revealed that GCMSNs induced higher oxidative stress in lung cancer cells (A549) than in normal cells (3T3-L1). This growth inhibitory effect found in the cancer cells was likely induced by mitochondria dysfunction originated from the GCMSN-induced, oxidative stress-triggered mitochondria-mediated autophagy. The redox-responsive nanohybrids were further loaded with camptothecin and the intensified synergistic therapeutic effects were observed associated with combined chemotherapy and oxidative stress strategy. The results clearly demonstrate that such unique nanohybrids hold great promise for selective and effective cancer treatments.     

Utility of QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube Test Compared with Tuberculin Skin Test in Diagnosing Tuberculosis in Indian Children with Malnutrition

This prospective cohort study was conducted to compare the accuracy of QuantiFERON®-TB (QFT) Gold In-Tube test and tuberculin skin test (TST) in diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) in predominantly bacille Calmette–Guerin-vaccinated children with a high incidence of malnutrition. The sensitivity of the QFT versus the TST was 69.6% versus 52.9% for WHO-defined TB, with specificity of 86% versus 78.3%, respectively. The concordance of the TST and QFT was 79% overall (κ = 0.430), 62.5% in those with WHO-defined TB and 85.7% in those without TB. Majority of the QFT+/TST − discordance was seen in children with TB, whereas majority of the TST+/QFT − discordance was seen in those without TB. The TST was more likely to be negative in children with moderate-to-severe malnutrition (P = 0.003) compared to the QFT, which was more likely to be positive in younger children. The significantly better performance of the QFT in malnourished children and those at younger ages supports its use for TB diagnosis in these subpopulations.     

三种固定剂对氯化金染色大鼠运动终板效果的比较

目的 对比分析25%甲酸、25%乙酸和4%甲醛3种固定剂对氯化金染色运动终板的效果。方法 选用30只SD大鼠,体重180～220 g,雌雄不拘。进行10次实验,每次实验随机选取3只,取右侧肱二头肌,分别置于25%甲酸、25%乙酸和4%甲醛溶液中固定后,行氯化金镀金法,光学显微镜下观察运动终板的形态结构和背景颜色。结果 3种固定剂固定的运动终板边缘整齐,中央颜色浅于周围,部分运动终板中央呈空泡状。甲酸固定的肌纤维排列有序,横纹清晰,呈紫红色;乙酸固定的肌纤维排列有序,无清晰的横纹,呈紫蓝色,但染色较浅,与运动终板形成的反差较小;甲醛固定的肌纤维排列杂乱,无横纹,呈紫红色、粉红色、紫黑色和蓝色等多种颜色。结论 甲酸固定的运动终板氯化金染色效果优于乙酸和甲醛,甲酸固定的肌组织需要的还原时间少于乙酸和甲醛。因此,进行运动终板染色选择固定剂时,25%甲酸在3种固定试剂中可作为最佳选择。     

极速实时荧光聚合酶链反应与常规方法对新型布尼亚病毒检测的评价

目的探讨极速实时荧光聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)、实时荧光PCR、酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)和胶体金免疫层析法(gold immunochromatography assay,GICA)4种方法检测新型布尼亚病毒的特异度和灵敏度,为发热伴血小板减少综合征的早期诊断提供依据。方法采集2017年6月1日至9月30日山东大学附属济南市传染病医院86例临床诊断为发热伴血小板减少综合征患者的血清样本,分别应用极速实时荧光PCR、实时荧光PCR、ELISA和GICA 4种方法进行检测。统计学分析采用χ^2检验。结果86份患者血清标本中,极速实时荧光PCR、实时荧光PCR、IgM-ELISA、IgG-ELISA、IgM-GICA、IgG-GICA的新型布尼亚病毒阳性分别为82份(95.34%)、79份(91.86%)、41份(47.67%)、8份(9.3%)、19份(22.09%)和3份(3.49%)。极速实时荧光PCR特异度为100%,灵敏度达到1×103拷贝/mL,3次重复扩增试验显示其Ct值变异系数均<2%。在发热伴血小板减少综合征进展的1期、2期、3期病程中,极速实时荧光PCR的阳性检出率为41份(97.62%)、34份(94.44%)、7份(87.50%),实时荧光PCR的阳性检出率为39份(92.86%)、33份(91.67%)、7份(87.50%),在1期和2期两个病程,极速实时荧光PCR阳性检出率略高;IgM-ELISA阳性检出率从1期(28.57%)到3期(87.50%)显著增高,2期、3期与1期相比,差异均有统计学意义(χ^2=8.347、7.561,均P<0.01);IgM-GICA的阳性检出率从1期(14.29%)到2期(33.33%)也有增高,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=3.962,P<0.05),但与其他方法相比,其检出率偏低。1期,实时荧光PCR阳性检出率显著高于ELISA(IgM和IgG)和GICA(IgM和IgG),差异均有统计学意义(χ^2=33.740、55.080、49.010、64.340,均P<0.01)。2期,实时荧光PCR的阳性检出率高于ELISA(IgM和IgG)和GICA(IgM和IgG),差异均有统计学意义(χ^2=7.700、46.720、23.700、50.630,均P<0.01)。3期,极速实时荧光PCR、实时荧光PCR和IgM-ELISA表现出同样高的阳性检出率,远高于IgG-ELISA和GICA(IgM和IgG)。实时荧光PCR阳性检出率和IgG-ELISA、IgM-GICA、IgG-GICA之间差异均有统计学意义(均χ^2=6.250,P<0.05)。结论极速实时荧光PCR在新型布尼亚病毒的早期检测中有更高的灵敏度和特异度,且重复性好、稳定度高,与传统实时荧光PCR相比大大缩短了扩增时间,对发热伴血小板减少综合征的早期快速诊断具有重要价值。     

壮医针挑并艾灸治疗糖尿病周围神经病变临床观察

目的：观察壮医针挑并艾灸对糖尿病周围神经病变200例的疗效。方法：取龙路、火路网络在体表的反应穴或皮下反应点，每次选2～3个穴位，持针尖快速刺入皮肤0．1～0．2cm，绞断表皮少许纤维，尽量不出血，每3天1次，配合艾灸，10次为1疗程。结果：显效102例，有效78例，无效20例。总有效率为90％。结论：壮医针挑并艾灸治疗糖尿病周围神经病变疗效仍显著。     

一期切开挂线术治疗肛周脓肿305例

采用一期切开挂线术治疗肛周脓肿３０５例，全瓿期治愈，无发生肛瘘及并发症者。作者认为手术成功的关键是正确处理内口及原发灶，良好通畅的切口引流以及合理的术后处理，对提高疗效，防止复发有重要意义。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子治疗猫急性脑梗死的作用机制研究

目的:观察碱性成纤维生长因子(bFGF)处理的缺血再灌注不同时程的猫脑组织中微管相关蛋白(MAP-2)和神经丝蛋白(NTP)的表达,探讨bFGF治疗缺血性脑损伤的可能作用机制。方法:健康家猫30只,随机分为生理盐水对照组和bFGF治疗组。采用左侧眼眶入路制作大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型。于术前和再灌注24h、48h和7d,采用Philip的猫脑缺血神经功能评分标准进行神经功能缺损评分;应用免疫组织化学SP法检测缺血再灌注不同时程的脑组织MAP-2及NTP蛋白表达,进行免疫阳性细胞计数。结果:缺血再灌注48h后,治疗组动物神经功能受损程度较对照组明显减轻,MAP-2及NTP蛋白阳性细胞数目较对照组也显著增加。结论:bFGF通过诱导MAP-2及NTP蛋白的表达,减轻了缺血再灌注脑组织的神经元损伤和促进了神经纤维生长,从而改善受损的神经功能。     

可控性丝线留置术治疗体表难治性海绵状静脉畸形的实验及临床研究

目的研究可控性丝线的致栓效果及其治疗体表难治性海绵状静脉畸形的初步疗效。方法将丝线一端留置于不同管腔大小的静脉内,另一端挂于血管壁埋于皮下,实现其可控性,用经过不同处置的丝线,分别留置于兔耳缘静脉、股静脉,观察其引起血管栓塞的效果。选择致栓效果较好的丝线组,用于临床治疗难治性体表海绵状静脉畸形的患者。结果几种经不同处置的丝线,均能不同程度地起到闭塞血管的作用,对于管腔稍大,血流较快的静脉(兔股静脉),浸泡丝裂霉素并打结的丝线组,致栓效果最好;临床初步应用证实,可控性丝线治疗体表难治性静脉畸形,安全有效。结论可控性丝线静脉内留置术,是一种安全、有效、损伤小、操作简便的治疗体表难治性海绵状静脉畸形的新方法。     

单丝聚丙烯合成非吸收齿状线在美容整形应用中并发症的防治及应用改进

目的探讨单丝聚丙烯合成非吸收齿状线在美容整形中的并发症产生的原因及应用方法及技术的改进。方法对近两年的单丝聚丙烯合成非吸收齿状线在美容整形中的应用进行总结与分析。结果改进应用方法后，并发症明显减少，效果加强。结论单丝聚丙烯合成非吸收齿状线在美容整形中应用得当，可减少并发症、取得显著效果。