混合牙列期提前拔除下颌第一乳磨牙对继承恒牙萌出的影响

目的 探索提前拔除下颌第一乳磨牙对加速继承恒牙萌出的影响，产生有利于序列拔牙的萌出顺序。方法 筛选13例牙列拥挤的患儿，当其下颌第一双尖牙根长超过1／2时，拔除一侧的下颌第一乳磨牙。用患儿的对侧牙做对照组。结果 拔牙侧有9例患儿第一双尖牙先于尖牙萌出，4例患儿尖牙先于第一双尖牙萌出；对照侧尖牙均先于第一双尖牙萌出。结论 提前拔除下颌第一乳磨牙，可使第一双尖牙先于尖牙萌出。但在第一双尖牙被阻碍或尖牙无阻碍的情况下．难以达到促萌目的。     

当归四逆汤加减治疗小儿顽固性瘾疹临床体会

目的观察当归四逆汤加减治疗瘾疹的临床疗效。方法选取2011年2月～2013年2月北京市宣武中医医院及北京儿童医院的小儿顽固性瘾疹患者61例。随机分为两组，治疗组31例，对照组30例，对照组用常规氯雷他定治疗，治疗组用当归四逆汤加减治疗小儿顽固性瘾疹。结果治疗组31例，痊愈18例，显效10例，好转2例，无效1例，总有效率90．32％；对照组30例，痊愈9例，显效12例，好转6例，无效3例。结论当归四逆汤加减治疗小儿顽固性瘾疹，疗效优于西药治疗。     

Postnatal Lower Jaw Dentition in Different Phenotypes of Tabby Mice

The tabby (Ta) syndrome in mouse is homologous to human anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, including defective development of hair, teeth, and glands. To complete the available data on the functional dentition in the Ta mice, we analyzed the mandibular cheek teeth in 261 postnatal specimens arranged in several phenotype/genotype groups: 51 Ta -hemizygous males, 56 Ta -homo/hemizygous females, 64 Ta -heterozygous females, and 40 and 50 wild-type control males and females, respectively. We evaluated tooth number, size, shape and eruption and compared these parameters in the different groups. In any individual group of Ta mice, there was variability mainly in the size and shape of the most mesial tooth and in the tooth patterns. The incidence of a reduction in tooth number in homozygous and hemizygous mice was dependent on the breeding scheme.     

Efficiency of molar distalization associated with second and third molar eruption stage

Objective:To evaluate the efficiency of molar distalization associated with the second and third molar eruption stage.Materials and Methods:A systematic computerized database search was conducted using several databases. Adaptations of the terms molar distalization and distalizing appliances were used. The reference lists of all the selected articles were also searched for any potential articles that might have been missed in the electronic search. The data provided in the selected publications were grouped and analyzed in terms of molar distalization with respect to various eruption stages of maxillary second and third molars.Results:Out of the 13 initially identified articles only four fulfilled the final selection criteria. Three of the four studies showed no statistical significance in linear molar distalization based on the eruptive stage of the second and/or third molars, while one study found that the amount of distal movement of the first molars was significantly greater in the group with unerupted second molars. Only one study found that the amount of molar tipping that occurred as a result of distalization was related to the eruption stage of the maxillary molars. Similarly, three of the four studies found that molar distalization time was not significantly affected by eruption of the second or third molars.Conclusion:The effect of maxillary second and third molar eruption stage on molar distalization—both linear and angular distalization—appears to be minimal. This conclusion is only based on low–level of evidence clinical trials. The large variability in the outcomes should be considered clinically.     

北京协和医院29 987例皮肤活检组织的临床病理诊断构成

【摘要】 目的 分析北京协和医院皮肤活检组织的疾病构成及临床和病理诊断情况。方法 回顾北京协和医院皮肤科2010年6月至2018年11月采用皮肤组织病理检查的29 987例患者,分析组织病理和诊断情况。结果 根据病理诊断结果,将确诊的皮肤疾病分为33大类,242种。常见的疾病类别分别为表皮肿瘤（2 931例,9.77%）、结缔组织病（2 809例,9.37%）、黑素细胞性肿瘤（2 078例,6.93%）、红斑鳞屑脓疱性皮肤病（1 376例,4.59%）、苔藓样皮肤病（1 291例,4.31%）、变态反应和湿疹类（1 282例,4.28%）及感染性疾病（1 156例,3.86%）等。常见疾病为硬皮病（1 887例,6.29%）、色素痣（1 755例,5.85%）、脂溢性角化（1 136例,3.79%）、湿疹（1 089例,3.63%）、银屑病（881例,2.94%）、扁平苔藓（867例,2.89%）、红斑狼疮（638例,2.13%）、天疱疮（549例,1.83%）和基底细胞癌（501例,1.67%）等。扁平苔藓、大疱性类天疱疮、环状肉芽肿、嗜酸性粒细胞增多性皮病等的临床诊断不符合率高,与病理诊断的一致率较低。结论 本院皮肤活检组织中表皮肿瘤、结缔组织病、黑素细胞性肿瘤、红斑鳞屑脓疱性皮肤病、苔藓样皮肤病、变态反应和湿疹类占比高。部分皮肤病临床诊断与病理诊断一致率低,对此类疾病需提高认识。     

鼻呼出气一氧化氮的检测及临床应用

一氧化氮（NO）是L-精氨酸被一氧化氮合成酶催化后所生成的产物,是气道炎症的标志物之一。鼻部NO（nNO）可构成鼻腔的防御屏障,保持鼻窦的相对无菌。临床上最常用的nNO检测方法是利用鼻塞式探头置于前鼻孔直接采集鼻呼出气。目前nNO已用于囊性纤维化及原发性纤毛运动障碍的筛查诊断,由于nNO与鼻窦窦口的阻塞程度等多种因素相关,动态监测治疗前后的nNO值及联合口呼出气一氧化氮（FeNO）检查对早期发现上下气道嗜酸粒细胞性炎症更有临床应用价值。     

MEBO治疗重症药疹的体会

目的探讨局部应用湿润烧伤膏(MEBO)治疗重症药疹的临床疗效.方法全身进行抗过敏治疗,药疹创面外涂MEBO治疗,每间隔3h或4h换药1次.结果12例患者的重症药疹皮损均于2周内愈合,平均愈合时间为10d±3d,未发生继发感染.结论MEBO治疗重症药疹疗程短,痛苦轻.     

The immunopathology of regression in benign lichenoid keratosis, keratoacanthoma and halo nevus

BACKGROUNDRegression is a phenomenon present in a variety of cutaneous lesions. It is likely that similar immunologic mechanisms explain the phenomenon of spontaneous regression occurring in the various lesions.METHODSTwenty-seven specimens, nine each of halo nevus, keratoacanthoma, and benign lichenoid keratosis, including three examples each of predominantly early, mid, and late regression were examined with antibodies to HLA-II, CD1a, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD34, CD56, and CD68.RESULTSEpidermotropism of inflammatory cells, including CD1a positive, CD68 positive, CD3 positive, and CD8 positive cells, was present in benign lichenoid keratosis and keratoacanthoma, but not in halo nevus. In halo nevus, the nests of halo nevus cells tended to be infiltrated by CD1a positive, CD68 positive, CD3 positive, and CD8 positive cells. The blood vessels exhibited endothelial cell swelling with luminal narrowing and disruption within the dermis of all lesions. The CD1a positive cells were increased in number in lesional epidermis except in keratoacanthoma lesions where the density of CD1a positive cells was increased in the epithelial lip, but decreased within the epithelial portion of the keratoacanthoma proper. Conversely, the CD8 positive cells were scarce in the dermis below the epithelial lip of the keratoacanthoma, but increased in the dermis of the neoplastic epithelium. CD1a positive cells were also seen throughout the dermal portion of the lesion, particularly at the lesion base. In halo nevus, the CD1a positive cells and CD68 positive cells within the lesions were larger than those in non-lesional skin, indicating activation. The composition of the inflammatory infiltrate varied within each lesion type according to stage of regression, but T-lymphocytes predominated.CONCLUSIONCytotoxic T-cells may be the final common denominator of regression in benign lichenoid keratosis, keratoacanthoma, and halo nevus. In halo nevus, cytotoxic T-cells may play the predominant role in regression. In keratoacanthoma and benign lichenoid keratosis, cytotoxic T-cells play a pivotal role, but additional mechanisms may also be involved in the phenomenon of regression. Benign lichenoid keratoses progress through stages of regression accompanied by varying proportions of inflammatory cells, including CD3, CD4, and CD8 positive T-lymphocytes, natural killer cells, macrophages and Langerhans cells.     

RANKL-OPG在口腔中表达的研究进展

破骨细胞生成因子（RANKL）/骨保护素（OPG）系统是影响破骨细胞分化、发育、调节的重要信号通路,也是全身因子和局部因子调节骨代谢的共同通路[1]。在口腔医学领域中,RANKL/OPG系统也起到相当重要的作用,本文就RANKL/OPG系统在口腔中表达的研究进展作一综述。