肠线虫感染病原检查优化方案的研究

目的　探究肠线虫感染人群病原检查优化方案。方法　比较分析定量透明法、饱和盐水浮聚法和钩蚴试管滤纸培养法对不同感染率、感染度肠线虫卵检出效果。应用指数曲线拟合法分析定量透明法的检漏规律。结果　定量透明法检查蛔、钩、鞭虫卵存在检漏 ,且检查钩、鞭虫卵的检漏率 (EPG <2 5时 ,检漏率分别达 80 8%和 64 5 % )与感染度成反比。结论　在低感染度人群普查或防治效果考核中应选用定量透明法并用饱和盐水浮聚法     

甲苯达唑糖片驱除肠道线虫的效果观察

用甲苯达唑糖片以含药量１０Ｏｍｇ顿服驱除蛲虫，３００ｍｇ２ｄ分服驱除蛔虫，效果均很满意，排虫高峰分别于服药后的第２～３ｄ和第４～５ｄ，治毕３ｗｋ复查，虫卵阴转率分别为１００％和９８％～１００％。采用３００ｍｇ或４００ｍｇ２ｄ分服驱除钩虫和鞭虫，亦取得较好的疗效，排虫高峰分别于服药后的第２～４ｄ和第４～６ｄ，但从虫卵阴转率来看，药物剂量尚属偏低。该药糖片服用方便，效果确实，成本低廉，很受群众欢迎，儿童尤为喜欢，值得推广使用。     

攀枝花市14岁以下儿童蛔虫及鞭虫感染状况

目的调查攀枝花市中心城区与农村地区14岁以下儿童蛔虫、鞭虫感染率状况。为降低和控制中小学生寄生虫感染率提供依据。方法 2009、2010年连续2年从攀枝花市东区所属中小学和米易县乡镇中小学各抽1所学校,对一年级至五年级共1 003名学生进行粪便查蛔虫卵、鞭虫卵。结果攀枝花市总体上蛔虫及鞭虫感染率较低。城区儿童蛔虫感染率为1.89%,农村儿童感染率为8.92%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=25.17,P<0.01)。城区儿童鞭虫感染率为0.38%,农村儿童感染率为3.40%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.80,P<0.01)。高年级组和低年级组儿童蛔虫、鞭虫感染率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.22,P>0.05;χ2=0.11,P>0.05)。男生组和女生组学生蛔虫、鞭虫感染率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.05,P>0.05;χ2=0.18,P>0.05)。结论攀枝花市农村中小学生蛔虫及鞭虫感染率高于城区学生,应加强防治。     

伊维菌素和阿苯达唑伍用治疗钩虫、鞭虫感染的疗效观察

目的　观察伊维菌素和阿苯达唑伍用驱治钩虫和鞭虫感染的疗效。　方法　用伊维菌素 6mg和 12mg分别伍用阿苯达唑 2 0 0mg顿服治疗钩虫感染者 ,伊维菌素 12mg伍用阿苯达唑 2 0 0mg顿服治疗鞭虫感染者 ;同时 ,用阿苯达唑40 0mg顿服分别治疗钩虫和鞭虫感染者。用虫卵阴转率评价疗效。　结果　 6mg和 12mg伊维菌素伍用阿苯达唑治疗钩虫感染者 ,其虫卵阴转率分别为 93 .3 %和 95 .5 % ,12mg伊维菌素伍用阿苯达唑治疗鞭虫感染者 ,其虫卵阴转率为 94.3 % ;而单用阿苯达唑治疗钩虫和鞭虫感染者 ,其虫卵阴转率分别为 66.7%和 47.1%。　结论　伊维菌素和阿苯达唑伍用驱治钩虫和鞭虫感染的效果良好 ,两药有协同作用 ,而不良反应轻微、短暂。     

Genetic component to susceptibility to Trichuris trichiura: evidence from two Asian populations

Trichuris trichiura is an helminthic infection with potentially severe health consequences. The hypothesis that host genetic factors can account for the distribution of Trichuris was tested using familial data on egg counts available for two populations, the Jirels of Nepal and the population of Jishan Island in Jiangxi Province of the People's Republic of China. Whipworm is highly prevalent in the Jishan Island population (86%), but occurs at a low rate in the Jirel population (14%). A quantitative genetic analysis was performed on each data set, using a variance component approach. Approximately 28% of the variation in Trichuris trichiura loads was attributable to genetic factors in both populations. Common household effects accounted for only 4% of the variation in the Jirels and none of the variation in the Jishan Island population. These concordant results from two separate populations provide strong evidence of the important role of genetics in determining differential susceptibility to whipworm infection.     

福建省3县市肠道线虫感染12年自然消长观察

目的：观察人体肠道线虫在没有开展防治情况下的自然消长情况。方法：1988年至1999年,在我省邵武,周宁,武平3县市,采用粪便Kato-Katz法,粪便滤纸试管培养法与透明胶纸肛拭法检查虫卵。结果：人体肠道线虫总感染率1999年比1988年下降30．5％,其中蛔虫,鞭虫,钩虫,蛲虫感染率分别下降49．1％,57．0％,19．4％与0．01。结论：人体肠道线虫的感染率,。随着经济的发展,人民生活水平的提高,人粪施肥减少与卫生知识普及,即使没有开展防治工作,其感染率也呈逐年下孤的趋势。     

丙硫咪唑和噻嘧啶混合疗法驱除肠道线虫的效果观察

本文报道丙硫咪唑４００ｍｇ、２００９与噻嘧啶７５０ｍｇ（基质２５０ｍｇ）的两种混合疗法，一次量顿服的钩虫、蛔虫和鞭虫的虫卵阴转率分别为７２．８％和６８．８％、１００％和９９．２％及２８．９％和３０．０％，两者对３种线虫的疗效差异均不显著（Ｐ均＞０．０５）；驱除钩虫效果均显著优于丙硫咪唑和噻嘧啶对照组（Ｐ均＜０．０１）．显示混合疗法具有协同作用；驱除蛔虫和鞭虫的效果均与两个对照组相近（Ｐ均＞０．０５）。淘虫结果证明其驱虫作用均明显较丙硫咪唑为快。副作用轻微短暂，无蛔虫游走所致的副反应。     

Extracellular vesicles induce protective immunity against Trichuris muris

Gastrointestinal nematodes, such as Trichuris trichiura (human whipworm), are a major source of morbidity in humans and their livestock. There is a paucity of commercially available vaccines against these parasites, and vaccine development for T. trichiura has been impeded by a lack of known host protective antigens. Experimental vaccinations with T. muris (murine whipworm) soluble Excretory/Secretory (ES) material have demonstrated that it is possible to induce protective immunity in mice; however, the potential for extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a source of antigenic material has remained relatively unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that EVs isolated from T. muris ES can induce protective immunity in mice when administered as a vaccine without adjuvant and show that the protective properties of these EVs are dependent on intact vesicles. We also identified several proteins within EV preparations that are targeted by the host antibodies following vaccination and subsequent infection with T. muris. Many of these proteins, including VWD and vitellogenin N and DUF1943‐domain‐containing protein, vacuolar protein sorting‐associated protein 52 and TSP‐1 domain‐containing protein, were detected in both soluble ES and EV samples and have homologues in other parasites of medical and veterinary importance, and as such are possible protective antigens.