IHA和Slide诊断旋毛虫病的研究

目的 :检测感染旋毛虫病豚鼠血清 ,寻求新的诊断旋毛虫病的方法。方法 :采用间接红细胞凝集试验(IHA)和玻片法环蚴沉淀试验 (Slide)。结果 :阳性率分别为 10 0 %和 97.1%。用此两种血清学方法检测正常豚鼠、血吸虫病兔、肺吸虫病大白鼠、蛔虫病人和鞭虫病人血清 ,除 1例肺吸虫病大白鼠血清IHA出现阳性反应外 ,其它血清两种方法均为阴性反应。结论 :提示两种免疫血清学方法对旋毛虫病特异性抗体的检测均具有较好的敏感性和特异性     

快速诊断人畜旋毛虫病ELISA试剂盒的研制及应用

本研究建立了快速诊断人畜旋毛虫病的ELISA试剂盒,该试剂盒与常规ELISA平行检测107例旋毛虫病人血清,阳性率分别为99.07％和97.19％;检测10份感染旋毛虫的病猪血清、5份病豚鼠血清、4份病犬血清、5份病兔血清,除病兔的阳性率两法均为80％外,其余两法均为100％。实验证明该试剂盒具有较好的特异性和重复性,已在全国人体寄生虫病分布调查中推广应用。     

Heart- and skeletal muscle-specific antigens recognized by trichinellosis patient sera

The heart can be seriously affected in human trichinellosis, and cardiac involvement can cause death. Experimental infections in rats have suggested the possible participation of immunopathological processes. The aim of the present paper was to investigate the possible presence in trichinellosis patient sera of antibodies recognizing host tissues and particularly the myocardium. Nineteen sera from late period trichinellosis patients, who acquired infection in the Poznan region (Poland), were tested by immunoblot on extracts from normal rat or human heart ventricle wall, spleen, placenta, kidney and skeletal muscle. Patients' sera recognized several antigens that were not recognized by normal sera. On rat and human heart ventricle wall, a high proportion of sera (42%) reacted with a protein of 68 kDa (P < 0.05 compared to normal sera). The reactivity with this antigen, however, was not significantly different in patients with or without cardiac involvement. When sera were tested on skeletal muscle we found that 47% reacted with a protein of 27 kDa and 53% reacted with a protein of 41 kDa (P < 0.05 for both proteins, compared with normal sera). The reactivity against the 68 kDa antigen and against the 27 and 41 kDa skeletal muscle antigens was not observed on kidney, placenta and spleen extracts. Moreover, very few bands were observed on these tissues as compared to heart and skeletal muscle tissues, thus suggesting a high tissue specificity of the reactivity of trichinellosis sera. In conclusion, this study identifies organ-specific autoantibodies in trichinellosis patient sera, their role in the pathogenesis of cardiac involvement being still unclear.     

旋毛虫抗原模拟表位抗原性的鉴定

目的　鉴定旋毛虫十二肽模拟表位的抗原性。方法　筛选噬菌体十二肽库获得旋毛虫抗原模拟表位 ,随机挑选2 4个克隆 ,利用酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)选取灵敏性较好的 6个克隆 (T1～T6 ) ,检测其敏感性和特异性。结果　 6个克隆均与旋毛虫病患者血清反应 (10 0 % ) ;其中T6克隆特异性最好 ,无交叉反应 ;其余克隆与卫氏并殖吸虫和日本血吸虫病患者血清存在不同程度的交叉反应 (0 %～ 4 0 % )。结论　用噬菌体十二肽库筛选得到的旋毛虫抗原模拟表位具有较好的灵敏性和特异性 ,作为新的旋毛虫病诊断试剂有较好的应用前景。     

抗蠕虫药物涂肤霜剂对旋毛虫病的实验疗效

本文报道抗蠕虫药物涂肤霜剂对小鼠旋毛虫病的实验疗效。这些霜剂分别含甲苯达唑(MD)、阿苯达唑(AD)、左旋咪唑(LVM)及HD+LVM。对肠道内成虫、移行期幼虫及肌肉内成囊期幼虫的减虫率(％)分别为:MD78.35,74.05,及32.50;AD68.11,98.72,及100;LVM38.98,6.31,及39.19;MD+LVM74.40,85.34,及99.56。     

Human Trichinosis after Consumption of Soft-Shelled Turtles, Taiwan

In 2008, an outbreak of human trichinosis associated with ingestion of raw soft-shelled turtles was identified and investigated in Taiwan. The data suggested that patients were likely infected with Trichinella papuae.     

New Hypothesis for Cause of Epidemic among Native Americans, New England, 1616�C1619

In the years before English settlers established the Plymouth colony (1616–1619), most Native Americans living on the southeastern coast of present-day Massachusetts died from a mysterious disease. Classic explanations have included yellow fever, smallpox, and plague. Chickenpox and trichinosis are among more recent proposals. We suggest an additional candidate: leptospirosis complicated by Weil syndrome. Rodent reservoirs from European ships infected indigenous reservoirs and contaminated land and fresh water. Local ecology and high-risk quotidian practices of the native population favored exposure and were not shared by Europeans. Reduction of the population may have been incremental, episodic, and continuous; local customs continuously exposed this population to hyperendemic leptospiral infection over months or years, and only a fraction survived. Previous proposals do not adequately account for signature signs (epistaxis, jaundice) and do not consider customs that may have been instrumental to the near annihilation of Native Americans, which facilitated successful colonization of the Massachusetts Bay area.     

从噬菌体十二肽库筛选旋毛虫抗原模拟表位

目的　从噬菌体肽库筛选旋毛虫抗原的模拟表位 ,为研究和开发新的旋毛虫病诊断抗原提供实验依据。方法　以纯化旋毛虫病患者血清免疫球蛋白(Ts IgG)对噬菌体十二肽库进行5轮筛选 ,随机挑选24个克隆 ,通过ELISA选取吸光值(A)较高的6个克隆 (T1～T6) ,并检测其敏感性和特异性。　结果　T1～T6敏感性与旋毛虫幼虫抗原(TsA)相同(阳性率为100%,P>0.05) ,特异性与TsA无明显差异 (阴性率为0～40%,P>0.05),其中T3,T6与并殖吸虫病患者血清无交叉反应 ,特异性高于TsA(P<0.05),T6与日本血吸虫病患者血清无交叉反应 ,特异性亦高于TsA(P<0.05)。　结论　利用噬菌体十二肽库筛选到旋毛虫抗原模拟表位     

皮内试验和间接血凝试验在旋毛虫病诊断中的应用

目的探索检测旋毛虫病抗体的简便易行方法。方法采用皮内试验(ID)和间接红细胞凝集试验(IHA)检测感染旋毛虫病豚鼠。结果二种方法阳性率均为100%。结论二种方法对旋毛虫病特异性抗体的检测均有较好的敏感性和特异性。     

旋毛虫病鼠毒血症的形成与中枢神经系统氧化损伤关系的探讨

目的　探讨旋毛虫病鼠毒血症的形成以及与中枢神经系统氧化损伤的关系。方法　应用黄嘌呤氧化酶（XOD）、丙二醛（MDA）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）3个检测指标从发病学角度分析氧化酶类在宿主重要组织脏器产生的氧化损伤和修复的变化及作用。结果　小鼠肠、肝、心和脑组织中的XOD、MDA和GSH3个检测指标在感染旋毛虫后的不同时期（3～30d）呈现出明显不同的改变。血液中的MDA在感染过程中一直维持较高的水平,并且脑组织中MDA的含量在感染过程中与血液及肠组织中的MDA呈正相关升高。结论　宿主多个脏器组织的氧化损害、氧化代谢毒性产物在机体内的蓄积以及抗氧化能力的改变等因素可能是造成宿主毒血症的形成以及中枢神经系统损害的主要原因。