Two-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of intracardiac masses: A prospective study with anatomic validation

The accuracy of two-dimensional echocardiography in the detection of intracardiac masses was verified in 334 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization in our laboratory over 21 consecutive months. A complete two-dimensional echocardiographic (2DE) examination was performed a day before catheterization. The presence or absence of a mass was verified at surgery in 77 patients who successively underwent mitral or aortic valve replacement (51), left ventricular aneurysmectomy with or without myocardial revascularization (25), and resection of atrial myxoma (2). In 32 patients 2DE revealed the presence of a mass-left or right atrial thrombi in 12, left atrial myxoma in 2, left ventricular thrombi in 16, and endocardial vegetations in 2. The other 45 patients were free of intracardiac masses on 2DE. Anatomic verification at surgery revealed the presence of an intracardiac mass in 34 patients. In 30 (true positives) of these, 2DE revealed the mass as well, and in 4 (false negatives) the presence of a mass had not been identified by 2DE. In 2 patients (false positives) the predicted mass was not found at surgery. Absence of a mass was correctly predicted by 2DE in 41 patients (true negatives). Thus 2DE detected intracardiac masses with sensitivity of 88.2% and a specificity of 95.3%. We recommend that 2DE be performed in all patients prior to hemodynamic study and/or cardiac surgery to enable safer management of patients with intracardiac masses during cardiac catheterization and/or cardiac surgery.     

原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的外科治疗(附28例分析)

目的：探讨肝癌合并门静脉癌栓（ＴＴＰＶ）的有效治疗方法。方法：将２８例肝癌合并门静脉主干／主支癌栓患者分３组。１０例行肚切除＋门静脉取栓＋肝动脉、门静脉双灌注化疗栓塞及生物治疗（Ａ组）;１２例行肝动脉、门静脉双灌注化疗栓塞及生物治疗（Ｂ组）;６例行肝动物灌职栓塞（Ｃ组）。结果：Ａ组效果最优,１、２年生存率均为１００％,３年生存率５０％,４年生存率２０％,５年生存率１０％,Ｂ组１年自下而上率为５８．     

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with multiple organized thrombi accompanied by unusual cholesterin deposition: Autopsy case after long-term follow up

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is characterized by a reduction in the platelet count and systemic thromboembolism during heparin therapy. Herein is reported a case of HIT with characteristic thrombus formation. A 68-year-old man who had been treated for hypertension for 27 years suffered a brain infarction and was treated with heparin. After this treatment, other new infarctions occurred in multiple organs. Because serum antibodies against heparin/PF4 complex were detected, he was diagnosed as having HIT, and warfarin and argatroban were administered instead of heparin. He died, however, 119 days after the first onset. At autopsy infarction due to organized thrombi with cholesterin deposition in multiple organs were found, similar to usual atherosclerotic emboli, but different to them with regard to clinical course and distribution of thrombi. This case in which organization and frequent cholesterin deposition were found in thromboembolized lesions of multiple organs after relatively long-term follow up, is unusual. The findings suggest that HIT accompanied by marked hypercholesterolemia of long duration contributes to a characteristic form of thromboembolism that needs careful management.     

Floating right heart thrombi: A pooled analysis of cases reported over the past 10 years

Introduction

Floating right heart thrombi (FRHTS) are a rare phenomenon associated with high mortality. Immediate treatment is mandatory, but optimal therapy is controversial.

新型口服抗凝药对心力衰竭合并左心室血栓患者的疗效研究

目的:探讨新型口服抗凝药(NOAC)用于心力衰竭合并左心室血栓患者的疗效。方法:入选2017年1月至2020年6月在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院心力衰竭中心门诊和住院患者中明确诊断为心力衰竭合并左心室血栓患者100例,分别给予NOAC(NOAC组,42例)或维生素K受体拮抗剂(VKA组,58例)治疗,3个月后复查经胸超声心动图。结果:两组患者在年龄、性别、心血管危险因素和基础疾病、左心室射血分数等方面的差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。在NOAC组,利伐沙班治疗者30例,达比加群治疗者12例,3个月时血栓完全溶解率为69.0%。所有VKA组患者均使用华法林治疗,血栓完全溶解率为63.8%,与NOAC组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3个月期间,两组均未发生栓塞事件和致死性大出血事件,仅VKA组有2例胃肠道出血,对症治疗后即好转。结论:NOAC可考虑作为心力衰竭合并左心室血栓患者的治疗药物。     

Left ventricular thrombi after short-term high-dose anticoagulants in acute myocardial infarction

To examine the effect of short-term, high-dose anticoagulationon the subsequent occurrence of left ventricular (LV) thrombiafter a first anterior wall acute myocardial infarction (AMI),21 patients received placebo and 21 high-dose anticoagulantsduring the first 10 days of the acute infarction. They werestudied with cross-sectional echocardiography 10 days and 1-3and 6 months post infarction. At 1 month, 6 of 7 thrombi presentin the placebo group at 10 days were still visible. No thrombiwere detected at 10 days in the anticoagulation group, but 6patients had developed a LV thrombus at 1 month. These 12 patientswith LV thrombi were subsequently treated with oral warfarinfor 2 months, after which all thrombi had disappeared. Warfarinwas then discontinued, and a thrombus had recurred in 5 patientsafter 6 months. Apical akinesis at 10 days a predictor for thrombuswith a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 72.2% respectively. Three of the 13 patients with LV thrombi suffered stroke incontrast to none without thrombi (P=0.025). We conclude that after discontinuation of short-term high-doseanticoagulation therapy in anterior AMI, LV thrombi may developrapidly and lead to embolic complications, particularly in patientswith persisting apical akinesis.     

Giant right atrial thrombi treated with thrombolysis

The present report describes giant atrial thrombi that were treated with thrombolysis in a community hospital. Two patients with giant atrial thrombi whose treatment involved complications are presented. Both patients developed cardiogenic shock and were treated unsuccessfully with thrombolysis. Because thrombolysis of giant thrombi may be ineffective, patients in this situation may require surgery.     

TACE在原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓术后治疗中的作用

目的 :研究TACE在原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓术后治疗中的作用及影响其疗效的因素。方法 :随访 4 0例原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓术后病人 ,其中 2 1例病人术后行TACE治疗。比较两组病人的肿瘤复发时间和生存期。单因素和多因素分析影响术后TACE疗效的因素。结果 :原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓单纯手术切除病人的肿瘤平均复发时间 6 .1个月 ,中位生存时间10 .3个月 ,其半年、1、2、3年生存率分别为 4 5 .9%、4 .2 %、0 %、0 %。术后行TACE的病人肿瘤平均复发时间 11.1个月 ,中位生存时间 2 0 .7个月 ,其半年、1、2、3年生存率分别为 6 2 .2 %、5 6 .3%、35 .6 %、2 8.5 % ,明显高于单纯手术病人 (P <0 .0 5 )。单因素分析提示肿瘤大小、细胞分化、化疗栓塞次数是影响术后TACE疗效的主要因素。多因素分析提示细胞分化、化疗栓塞次数影响术后TACE的疗效。结论 :TACE推迟原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓术后的肿瘤复发时间 ,延长病人的生存期。肿瘤细胞分化 ,化疗栓塞次数是影响术后TACE疗效的主要因素。     

超声心动图对二尖瓣狭窄左房内血栓小剂量华法令治疗的随访价值

目的 研究经胸和经食管超声心动图（TTE和TEE）在二尖瓣狭窄合并左房血栓的患者行小剂量华法令干预治疗中的随访价值。方法 对22例风心二尖瓣狭窄合并左房血栓的患者行小剂量华法令（2mg/d)干预治疗3－7月,以TTE或TEE随访。结果 除3例失访1例自行停药外,另18例治疗3－7月内血栓消失或机化均成功实施经皮二尖异球囊扩张术,其中8例（44．4％）经TTE随访,与TEE随访符合率为75％。结论 小剂量华法令治疗二尖瓣狭窄合并左房血栓疗效确切,并发症少,TTE随访仍有一定价值。