头低位限制活动对家兔主要脏器微血管壁通透性的影响

本文报导了用40只白色短毛家兔所做的动物模拟失重实验,得出各脏器微血管通透性的动态反应曲线。并用微循环研究方法,分析了模拟失重时各脏器微血管功能状态与微血管通透性之间的关系;阐述了各脏器微循环功能变化特点;并对变化机理作了初步探讨。     

Imaging of shifted stimulated echoes and multiple spin echoes

It is shown that a repetitive pulse sequence consisting of two 90° pulses and gradients in a 1:2 ratio around the second 90° pulse generates interscan shifted stimulated echoes (SSTEs) and intrascan multiple spin echoes (MSEs). Separation of these two types of signals is accomplished using specific gradient crusher schemes. The intensity of the SSTEs is an order of magnitude larger than that of the MSEs and determines the signal contrast if both effects are selected simultaneously. The SSTE sequence generates improved contrast between gray and white matter, even at high field, which is explained in terms of increased inverse T₁-weighting for the interscan echo. The MSE image has low signal to noise and no detectable contrast. The effect of interscan diffusion weighting is also discussed.     

失重对成骨细胞基因表达和细胞功能影响的研究进展

骨骼可以适应包括重力在内的各种机械刺激，并对骨形成与骨吸收之间的平衡进行调整。失重状态下的骨质减少主要归因于骨形成的减少，这与成骨细胞功能下降有关，表现为细胞增殖粘附能力下降，与分化成熟相关的物质(碱性磷酸酶，骨钙素和I型胶原)的mRNA及蛋白合成均减少，多种生长因子的分泌量以及细胞对其反应性下降。成骨细胞功能下降的机制尚不明确，有假说认为失重时细胞形态的改变导致了基因表达与功能的变化。     

稳定层流剪应力对内皮细胞骨架调节蛋白VASP表达的影响

为探讨生理强度的稳定层流剪应力对内皮细胞骨架actin相关蛋白VASP特征影响规律，我们采用胰蛋白酶消化法分离人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)，模拟体内流动环境，建立平行板流动腔模型。利用细胞图像分析系统和ALEXA488—若丹明一次毒蕈环肽双标记法，观察内皮细胞在稳态层流下形态、actin排列变化与VASP分布变化之间的规律。采用Western blot定量动态检测细胞内VASP表达及磷酸化的水平。结果表明，内皮细胞在10dyn／cm^2剪切作用后，随时间细胞逐渐延长，长轴趋于剪应力作用方向排列，细胞与静息态的细胞相比，细胞内骨架沿剪应力方向重组，与此同时VASP表达增强，沿着actin纤维呈点状分布，尤其集中在细胞膜下actin末端区域；Western blot检测显示在剪切后，细胞内VASP出现快速磷酸化，VASP总体表达量增加，2h达高峰后逐渐恢复，8h后再次逐渐升高。以上结果提示血流动力学特性中剪应力引起了细胞胞质内骨架蛋白分子重组，血管内皮细胞形态改变，在此过程中，VASP发挥骨架调节蛋白的作用。     

A method for the accurate determination of anti-hapten cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors: correction for apparent 'anti-self' reactivity

A method is described for accurately determining the frequency of precursors of hapten specific cytotoxic T cells. The method is based on a standard Poisson analysis of limit dilution cultures, but makes a correction of 'anti-self' reacting clones and for spontaneously arising clones that recognise modified self. These corrections are shown to be especially important when low hapten densities are used, where there may be more than a 10-fold difference between the corrected and uncorrected frequency estimates. Determined levels of antigen specificity and of H-2 restriction are significantly enhanced by application of this method.     

尾部悬吊对大鼠比目鱼肌梭内外肌纤维SDH活性的影响

:【目的】研究尾部悬吊对大鼠比目鱼肌梭内、外肌纤维琥珀酸脱氢酶 (succinicdehydrogenase,SDH)活性的影响 ,旨在探讨失重或模拟失重状态下肌梭的代谢和功能变化。【方法】用尾部悬吊法模拟失重 ,雌性Sprague Dawley大鼠按体质量配对原则 ,随机分为尾部悬吊 3、7、14、30d组及同步饲养的对照组。以氯化硝基四氮唑蓝盐 (nitrobluetetrazolium ,Nitro BT)法检测比目鱼肌梭内、外肌纤维SDH的活性。【结果】尾部悬吊导致Ⅰ型肌纤维的构成比减少 ,Ⅱ型肌纤维各亚型的构成比增加 ,以Ⅱb型增加最显著。尾部悬吊 3、7、14、30d组的Ⅰ型肌纤维构成比分别为 87.92 % ,84.0 0 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,6 9.90 %(P <0 .0 1) ,6 7.90 % (P <0 .0 1) ;Ⅱb型肌纤维的构成比分别是 3 .75 % ,5 .6 3% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,15 .35 % (P <0 .0 1) ,18.33%(P <0 .0 1)。梭内肌纤维SDH活性增强 ,核袋 1纤维SDH染色由阳性转变为强阳性 ,核袋 2纤维由阴性转变为中等以上阳性 ,核链纤维由仅有一条呈弱阳性转变为均呈强阳性。【结论】模拟失重导致梭内、外肌纤维代谢改变 ,骨骼肌发生肌纤维类型转换 ,肌梭的功能活动可能受影响。     

Fos expression in the medullary visceral zone following transient decrease of blood pressure in rats under simulated weightlessness

Orthostatic intolerance is one of the main problemsafter spaceflight, which pose serious hazards tocrewmembers when re-entry and emergency egressionand affect the capacity to re-adapt to iG environment.The basic mechanism of postilight orthostatic intolerance has not been fully elucidated until nowll]. Besidesdecreased blood volume, other factors such as centralintegration, neurohumoral modulation and cardiovascular changes may also be involved[2]. Zhang et al havereported the reduced contract…     

头低位卧床期间四肢加压套带预防大脑中动脉血流下降

目的　观察头低位卧床 2 1d期间套带对大脑中动脉血流变化的影响 .方法　健康男性志愿者 12名随机分为对照组和套带组 ,每组 6人 ,进行 - 6°卧床试验 2 1d.套带组卧床每日 0 8:30～ 2 0 :30四肢加压套带 ,压力维持在 5 .3k Pa,对照组不做任何对抗措施 .卧床前、卧床 10 d及卧床结束时进行 3次立位耐力试验 .卧床前、卧床 1,3,10和 2 1d用经颅超声多普勒 (TCD)测量大脑中动脉血流动力学指标 .结果　对照组 2 1d卧床期间大脑中动脉血流速度下降 ,血流量减少 ,其中卧床 3 d和 2 1d较卧床前血流速 (vs,vm)明显降低 ,血流量减少 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) .套带组卧床期间及卧床结束时血流速度及血流量较卧床前无显著降低或减少 (P>0 .0 5 ) .卧床 10 d和卧床结束时立位耐力试验对照组 6人均未通过立位耐力试验 .套带组 4人顺利通过立位耐力试验 ,2人未通过立位耐力试验 .结论　头低位卧床期间使用套带能有效减缓大脑中动脉血流速度下降 ,对改善失重引起的脑缺血和立位耐力不良有明显的作用 .     

Characterization of synaptic vesicles and related neuronal features in nerve growth factor and ras oncogene differentiated PC12 cells

PC12 cells can differentiate into neuron-like cells after treatment with either nerve growth factor (NGF) or transduction with a retrovirus which expresses the K-ras oncogene. The concomitant treatment of NGF plus ras differentiates PC12 cells further than either agent alone with respect to neurite outgrowth, acetylcholinesterase levels, and most strikingly, the number of synaptic vesicle (SV) clusters. These SV clusters in PC12 cell neurites closely resemble those in the presynaptic terminals of neurons. Such SV clusters have not been described in cell lines previously. The SV clusters from all three differentiated groups (NGF, ras, and NGF plus ras) were similar in size, shape, and configuration, except that the ones in the doubly treated group occur in higher frequency and have more vesicles. The synaptic nature of these vesicle clusters was demonstrated by their regulated depletion after potassium stimulation. Furthermore, these vesicle clusters stained positively for two SV-associated proteins, synapsin I and synaptophysin, by EM immunocytochemistry (ICC). Such SV clusters in a cell line are very useful for characterizing the regulated release of SVs and the distribution of SV-related antigens in intact cells. Analysis by SDS-gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting indicated that synapsin I levels are higher in all three differentiated groups compared to untreated cells; whereas synaptophysin levels are lower in cells exposed to NGF alone or with NGF and ras double treatment. Possible convergence and/or divergence on the mechanisms of NGF and ras differentiation in PC12 cells are discussed. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

1 This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.