软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料用于植皮手术包扎的临床与实验研究

目的 通过临床与实验研究选择合适的皮片游离移植手术包扎材料.方法 实验分别以软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料、层叠干纱布、松散干沙团和干棉花团为测试包扎材料.分别在测试包扎材料上加压,记录血浆袋所受到的压力和包扎材料厚度压缩比例的变化;临床常规方法片皮移植,以软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料块加压包扎皮片.结果 软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料当外加压力使其压缩至原厚度的90%～34%时,可使皮片受到25 cmH2O～54.4 cmH2O的压力;此压力范围足以使皮片与创面密切接触,保证皮片成活,又避免过大的压力影响皮片血供重建.以软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料为包扎材料植皮,皮片成活率明显提高.结论 软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料是一种良好的植皮包装材料.     

溶剂在嵌段共聚高分子膜中的溶解与传递现象

利用石英弹簧称重法测定了308．15K时乙醇和苯在含端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)和端羟基聚丁二烯／丙烯腈共聚物(HTBN)的嵌段共聚聚氨酯膜中的吸收动力学曲线。结合吸收-络合吸附双模式传递模型，研究了聚氨酯膜的微相分离程度、软硬段的比例和组成以及软段分子量等因素对溶剂在膜中溶解和传递性质的影响。     

聚氨酯避孕套临床前使用可行性和可接受性分析

目的 对使用新型聚氨酯(Pu)男用避孕套的可行性和可接受性进行初步观察。方法 对30对健康已婚夫妇为期6周360次使用国产PU避孕套的效果进行问卷调查。结果 避孕套总破裂率(临床破裂 非临床破裂)为2．22％，临床滑脱率为16．5％，使用观察期间无意外妊娠发生。结论 新型PU避孕套的破裂率和滑脱率分别相近于和高于报道的乳胶避孕套使用情况，感官指标反映PU避孕套具有良好的可接受性。     

亲水性聚氨酯宫颈扩张棒在引产中的应用

初产妇30例,用亲水性聚氯酯泡沫宫颈扩张棒(简称“扩张棒”)作人工剥膜与破膜加催产素引产前扩张宫颈,同时以条件类同初产妇30例进行对照。扩张棒组置棒前宫颈成熟度评分为2.93±0.91,对照组为3.7±0.88,两组无显著差异:扩张后宫颈评分为6.13±1.22,与扩张前有显著差异(P<0.05)。扩张棒组引产成功率为92.6%,而对照组为64.3%,差异非常显著(P<0.01),同时能缩短产程。本组用扩张棒组引产的30例,无一例发生产时、产后感染。     

氨乙基氨丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷改性水性聚酯型聚氨酯的研究

由聚酯二元醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和二羟甲基丙酸合成聚氨酯预聚体，以氨乙基氨丙基聚二甲基硅氧(AEAPS)为扩链剂，制备了AEAPS改性聚氨酯水分散液。与未改性的聚氨酯水分散液相比，AEAPS改性聚氨酯水分散液的粒径增大，但粒径分布和表面张力基本不变，说明疏水的聚二甲基硅氧烷侧链被包裹于分散颗粒的内部；此外，改性聚氨酯水分散液的冻融稳定性显著增强。AEAPS改性聚氨酯水分散液成膜后，吸水率明显下降，水在膜表面的接触角增加，400℃时热失重下降，具有良好的疏水性和耐热性。     

具有三层管壁结构组织工程血管支架的生物力学性能

目的针对组织工程血管的体内培养技术路线，对所制备的具有三层管壁结构的组织工程血管支架的生物力学性能进行测试，并研究了壁厚对支架力学性能的影响，以保证后续的动物体内移植实验能顺利进行。方法采用涂敷，喷涂．滤沥的方法制备了具有三层管壁结构（多孔PLGA层．致密PU层．多孔PLGA层）的可降解组织工程血管支架，用自制的设备测试了其爆破强度和径向顺应性，并对血管支架进行了缝合强度的测试。结果所制备的厚度为0．295mm-0．432mm的三层结构血管支架的径向顺应性为3．80％／100mmHg-0．57％／100mmHg，爆破强度为160kPa～183kPa，缝合强度为0．63N／针～1．52N／针。结论支架的管壁厚度，尤其是中间层厚度，对支架的力学性能有重要影响。增大壁厚可导致径向顺应性急剧下降，爆破强度和缝合强度线性提高。在所制备的样品中，管壁厚度为0．295mm的支架其综合力学性能最优，可满足血管组织工程体内植入的力学性能要求。     

聚醚型聚氨酯材料表面纤维蛋白原的吸附性研究

本文采用放射性同位素标记的方法研究了嵌段聚醚型聚氨酯在纯纤维蛋白原溶液中和稀释血浆中的表面纤维蛋白原吸附性规律，考察了聚醚型聚氨酯的特性粘数及溶液体系中的ＮａＣｌ浓度对材料表面纤维蛋白原吸附性的影响，结果表明，随着聚合物特性粘数的增大，材料表面的纤维蛋白原吸附量呈降低的趋势；溶液体系中盐浓度的降低导致纤维蛋白原凝固性增强，在纯纤维蛋白原溶液中，材料表面纤维蛋白原的吸附量相应增多，而在稀释血浆中，纤维蛋白原的吸附量相应减少，在达到最低值后又有上升的趋向，表明纤维蛋白原在材料表面的吸附还受血浆中其它大分子的影响。     

A synthetic leaflet heart valve with improved opening characteristics

A new geometry for the design of polyurethane leaflet heart valves has been investigated. The geometry termed the ‘alpharabola’ has a radius of curvature that increases from the centre of the leaflet at the free edge towards the base of the valve and perimeter of the leaflet. The hydrodynamic function and leaflet opening characteristics of the new valve design have been compared to a valve with a spherical leaflet geometry using the same material. The pressure and flow required to open alpharabola leaflets in steady flow tests was markedly lower than for spherical leaflets. Under pulsatile flow conditions with the valve leaflets fully open, the pressure drop across the alpharabola and spherical leaflets was similar, but much lower than in a porcine bioprosthesis. High speed photography showed that the alpharabola leaflets opened in less than 30 ms with the leaflet opening initiating in the base of the leaflet where the radius of curvature was larger. The synthetic leaflet valve has demonstrated short term durability in accelerated fatigue tests to 100 million cycles.     

医疗用超硬质热塑性聚氨酯TPU的抗肿瘤药物溶剂耐受性研究

研究四种类型热塑性聚合物的6种常见医用输液接头材料对抗肿瘤药物溶剂的耐受性。将这些材料的标准测试样条固定在弯曲应变为1.5%的自制夹具上,分别浸泡在Etoposide?药物溶剂、Busulflex?药物溶剂或DMSO(以50%为例)等3种抗肿瘤药物溶剂,然后观察试样的外观,测试试样的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和缺口冲击强度等性能的变化情况,采用定量化的评分,对6种材料的抗肿瘤药物溶剂的耐受性进行了评价。结果表明,两款超硬质热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)材料对三种抗肿瘤药物溶剂的耐受性均优于其他4种评价的材料,为接触抗肿瘤药物类的医疗器械产品的较优选择,比如PICC,CVC,输液器等。     

Simultaneous Construct Surface Microstructural and Internal Network-Like Conductive Pathways of Poly(l-lactic acid)/Carbon Nanomaterials Composite Foams

The poly(l -lactic acid) (PLLA)/carbon nanomaterials composite foams with hierarchical surface microstructural and internal conductive pathways are successfully prepared by a simple crystallization-assisted rapid phase separation (CARPS). The dimension and morphology of carbon nanomaterials can induce different crystallization forms to construct the hierarchical surface microstructure, and they are distributed on the phase interface of solvent and non-solvent to form conductive pathways. It is found that the heterogeneous nucleation of nanomaterials promotes a significant increase in crystallinity, and a stacked granular structure formed on the surface promotes the increase of the water contact angle to 148.7°. Foams with interconnecting pore structures contribute to the formation of 85.3% porosity and 12.33 g g⁻¹ oil absorption. Carbon nanomaterials are distributed on the pore walls of the porous foam, which converts the foam from an insulating material to a conducting polymer. Furthermore, the uniform distribution of nanomaterials significantly affects the thermal stability of the PLLA. In belief, the multifunctional biodegradable foam, prepared by a CARPS method, makes it promising for industrial production and has potential applications in electrical conductivity, oil-water separation, and many other fields.