The inclusion of an omental flap in pancreatoduodenectomy

A technique for reducing the morbidity and mortality of pancreatoduodenectomy by using an omental flap to protect the anastomoses and splanchnic vessels exposed during dissection is described herein.     

A Case of Postbulbar Duodenal Ulcer with Jaundice

Abstract: A 63-year-old man was hospitalized because of jaundice and anorexia. An upper gastrointestinal series and hypotonic duodenography revealed circumferential sclerosis and stenosis of the duodenal wall. Endoscopic examination disclosed an ulcer, the upper margin of which was located at the papilla of Vater. The papilla was situated in the base of the ulcer. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography disclosed mild dilatation of the common bile, intrahepatic bile and pancreatic ducts, but with neither severe stenosis nor occlusion. Nevertheless, there was some degree of circumferential compression and mild stenosis of the terminal portions of the bile and pancreatic ducts, as potential causes of obstructive jaundice in this patient. Computed tomographic examination of the abdomen revealed a tumorous lesion at the duodenal bulb. Because malignancy in the duodenum could not be ruled out, a pancreatoduodenectomy was performed. Histopathological examination showed a postbulbar duodenal ulcer, associated with inflammation of the papillary orifice and fibrosis of the region near the papilla. There was no evidence of a tumorous lesion. In this case, a postbulbar duodenal ulcer may have caused obstructive jaundice.     

The infrapyloric artery and cephalic pancreatoduodenectomy with pylorus preservation: preliminary study

Summary Cephalic pancreatoduodenectomy (CPD) with pylorus preservation has been suggested to improve the functional and nutritional result of surgery. At operation, the first two centimeters of the duodenum are preserved, the vascular arch of the lesser gastric curvature is saved and the right gastroepiploic artery is resected at its origin. The aim of this study on 15 fresh cadavers was to determine the origin of the vascularization of the remaining duodenum and also the possibilities of preserving an optimal vascularization after CPD and pylorus preservation. All of the arteries supplying the remaining duodenum and arising either from the right gastric artery or the right gastroepiploic artery were identified. The distances between the origin of the infrapyloric artery and the termination of the gastroduodenal artery on the cranial and ventral pancreaticoduodenal artery and the left gastroepiploic artery were measured. At CPD with pylorus preservation, the study demonstrated that: 1) the cranial side of the remaining duodenum remains vascularized in 80% of the cases by one or two supraduodenal branches coming from the right gastric artery; 2) ligation of the right gastroepiploic artery eliminates all vascular supply to the caudal side of the remaining duodenum in almost half of the cases; 3) in these cases, the dissection of the bifurcation of the gastroduodenal artery and the vascular section beyond the origin of the infrapyloric artery allowed a direct vascular supply to the remaining duodenum to be preserved.This work was presented at the French Section of the European Association of Clinical Anatomy meeting, Bobigny, France, 1992     

肿块型慢性胰腺炎的手术治疗

目的总结肿块型慢性胰腺炎的诊治经验,探讨肿块型慢性胰腺炎的诊断与治疗方法。方法回顾性分析10年中8例肿块型慢性胰腺炎误诊为胰头癌的临床病例资料。结果本组病例表现为腹痛者8例,伴黄疸者5例,伴食欲减退者3例,术前均误诊为胰头癌,术后病理学检查均为慢性胰腺炎。本组病例行child术5例,行胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术2例,行剖腹探查术1例。术后7例腹痛症状得到缓解,发生胰瘘2例,死亡1例。结论肿块型慢性胰腺炎与胰头癌的术前鉴别存在一定困难。术中若不能明确排除胰头癌,则行胰十二指肠切除术;术中若发现同时合并整个胰腺慢性炎症,经穿刺活检阴性,可行保留十二指肠的胰头切除术或各种内引流术。     

Current antibiotic prophylaxis in pancreatoduodenectomy in Japan

Background/Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the current use of antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) in association with pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) in Japan, and to determine its surgical implications.

Methods

We surveyed 2331 patients who underwent PD for treatment of disease in the periampullary region. Data, obtained during the period January 2002 through December 2003, from 111 major surgical services associated with the Japanese Society for Pancreatic Surgery, were analyzed with regard to patient characteristics, preoperative complications, AP, and postoperative morbidities.

Results

Eighty-five (78.7%) of the 108 eligible institutions chose a first- or second-generation cephalosporin for AP, given for a mean duration of 4.3 days. At all but 1 institution, the first dose was administered prior to surgical incision of the skin. At 42% of the institutions, an additional antibiotic was administered during surgery. The overall rate of wound infection was 6.8% of the 2266 patients for whom data were available. Preoperative jaundice was found in 55.3% of these 2266 patients, and 92.6% of these jaundiced patients were suffering from preoperative infections. In addition, those with preoperative infections were also diagnosed as having biliary infections. The number of patients with preoperative jaundice in combination with preoperative infections was significantly related to the rate of postoperative morbidity (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Administration of AP in association with PD in Japan seems appropriate. Icteric patients with biliary infections are at high risk for postoperative morbidities and need careful monitoring after surgery.     

胰头切除治疗胰头部慢性胰腺炎不同术式疗效评价

 目的 探讨不同手术方式治疗胰头部慢性炎性反应的疗效。方法 回顾性分析长海医院、武警上海总队医院和上海市第七人民医院从2000-01至2015-01收治的145例胰头部慢性胰腺炎患者的临床资料和随访信息,比较各种手术方式的临床疗效。结果 术前伴有CA199升高、胰头肿块等怀疑恶变的患者多采用胰十二指肠切除术,术前伴有梗阻性黄疸、胰管结石等良性疾病的患者多采用保留十二指肠的胰头次全切除术,Beger术的总并发症率(P=0.040)和胆漏发生率(P=0.035),以及改良Beger术的总并发症率(P=0.035)和胆漏发生率(P=0.043)均高于改良Beger术联合胆肠吻合术式。结论 选择胰头部慢性胰腺炎患者的手术方式时应遵循个体化原则。改良Beger术联合胆肠吻合术式较Beger 术、改良Beger 术式更能减少胆漏的发生。     

胰十二指肠切除术后营养不良的危险因素

目的 研究胰十二指肠切除术（pancreaticoduodenectomy,PD）术后营养不良的危险因素。方法 选取2019年3月至2020年10月海军军医大学第二附属医院行PD治疗的122例患者进行横断面研究,根据营养风险筛查量表（nutritional risk screening,NRS） （2002）将122例患者分为营养不良风险组（n=70）和对照组（无营养不良风险,n=52）。分析两组患者的临床资料,并采用单因素和多因素Logistic分析得出术后营养不良的相关危险因素。结果 老年患者（≥60岁）、术前胆道引流、术后感染、术后焦虑评分SAS≥50分、术后抑郁评分SDS≥50分、术前血清白蛋白（ALB）≤32.5 g/L、术前血清视黄醇蛋白（RBP）≤42.5 mg/L、术前血清转铁蛋白（TRF）≤2.45 g/L是导致PD术后营养不良的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 胰十二指肠切除术后患者营养不良的危险因素较多,应根据不同危险因素采取对应的预防措施,减少术后营养不良发生,促进患者术后康复。     

Exocrine pancreatic function in the early period after pancreatoduodenectomy and effects of preoperative pancreatic duct obstruction

Exocrine pancreatic function in the early period after pancreatoduodenectomy was investigated. The effects of preoperative pancreatic duct obstruction on exocrine pancreatic function were also investigated. The volume of pancreatic juice and its amylase activity were investigated in 39 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy (including pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy). TheN-benzoyl-l-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (BT-PABA) test was performed on 23 of 39 patients about 40 days after pancreatoduodenectomy. The exocrine pancreatic function was inhibited three to eight days after pancreatoduodenectomy (amylase activity: 23,700±4300 IU/day), and recovered on days 9–15 (48,000±8400 IU/day) in patients with a normal main pancreatic duct. In patients with pancreatic duct obstruction, the exocrine pancreatic function was almost eliminated (amylase activity: 440±260 IU/day) and BT-PABA test results were low (45±17%). In patients with narrowed pancreatic duct, amylase secretion was significantly inhibited even in patients with a normal number of acinar cells. There was a good positive correlation (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient,rs=0.715,P<0.01) between amylase secretion and BT-PABA test. Amylase secretion more than 10,000 IU/day is essential for a normal BT-PABA test and normal digestive function. The inhibited digestive function in patients with pancreatic duct obstruction may be due to the decreased number of acinar cells and the inhibition of exocrine pancreatic function.     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘合并出血二次手术2例并国内文献复习

目的 关于胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘合并出血的二次手术方式缺乏相应的指南及专家共识,本文旨在复习胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘合并出血的二次手术方式并探讨胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘合并出血治疗方案。方法 回顾分析2例胰十二指肠切除术后C级胰瘘合并出血的诊疗及手术过程,对胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘合并出血的二次手术方式进行文献复习。结果 2例胰十二指肠切除术后C级胰瘘合并出血的患者,均在保守治疗无效的情况下进行了二次手术。患者1在探查胰肠吻合口时,发现门静脉出血,确切止血后重新行原位的胰肠吻合术,最终痊愈出院;患者2由于胰瘘导致了迟发性的出血及腹腔感染,在二次手术时并未发现明确的责任血管,手术中对出血风险较高的血管进行了结扎,并对胰肠吻合口进行了加针修补,最终患者因全身多器官功能衰竭死亡。结论 PD术后胰瘘合并出血的治疗需要介入科、重症医学科、普外科的多学科参与,外科手术仍然是PD术后胰瘘合并出血的关键一环。