左旋硝基精氨酸诱导高血压大鼠心肌肥大

一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）抑制剂Ｎ－左旋硝基精氨酸（Ｎ－ＬＮＡ）诱导持续性高血压大鼠１２只，随机分成２组测右颈动脉压，ＮＯ代谢物亚硝酸盐（ＮＯ２）浓度，心肌组织胶原蛋白含量及丝裂活化蛋白激酶（ＭＡＰＫ）活性，观察左心室心肌病理变化，发现与高血压比较，自然归组大鼠动脉血完全逆转（Ｐ〈０．０１）；ＮＯ２水平及ＭＡＰＫ活性轻度逆转，但均未达到正常对照组水平（Ｐ〈０．０１），胶原蛋白含量，心脏及左心室相对重量     

硝基化合物还原、氢化的研究 Ⅳ.用Fe~(3+)催化转移氢化3,3′-二硝基-4,4′-二氨基二苯醚

以Fe~(3+)代替Pd-C和Raney Ni为催化剂、水合肼为供氢体、3,3′-二硝基-4,4′-二氨基二苯醚为受氢体、甲醇为溶剂,进行催化转移氢化反应,产物3,3′,4,4′-四氨基二苯醚(TADPO)质量好,得率可达80%。此外,还对反应温度、时间、以及水合肼、催化剂、溶剂用量,水合肼浓度、催化剂重复使用等影响因素进行了研究,获得了较佳工艺条件。本法制得的TADPO与均苯四甲酸二酐缩聚可制得性能良好的聚眯唑吡咙。     

Lactate dehydrogenase content related to cross-sectional area in muscle fibres.

Cross-sectional areas and lactate dehydrogenase activity were determined of separate muscle fibres of mouse rectus femoris muscle in both ventral and dorsal parts of the muscle. The lactate dehydrogenase activity was measured quantitatively by microscope photometry using a tetrazolium staining in absence or presence of either vitamin K3 or phenazine methosulfate. If the observations are restricted to a relatively small area of the muscle cross section, one can distinguish categorically narrow ("red") and broad ("white) fibres with average values for cross sectional area and LDH content that depend on the part of the muscle chosen (higher LDH and smaller area in ventral part). However, if these data from the different parts or from the whole muscle are added together, no categorical distinction between the fibre types is allowed. On the basis of the observations a categorical division of muscle fibres within relatively large muscle areas or in a whole muscle is rather dubious. A relation is suggested between the subjective impression of different muscle fibre types in a field of observation with the number of motorunits present in that field.     

Spontaneous and MNNG‐induced reversion of an EGFP construct in HeLa cells: An assay for observing mutations in living cells by fluorescent microscopy

A HeLa cell line stably expressing the enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) gene, interrupted by the HBB IVS2‐654 intron, was studied without treatment and after treatment with a single standard dose of 15 μM of N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). This assay was done in order to prove that such a construct can revert by a variety of mechanisms and that it produces a visible phenotype, i.e., green fluorescence. The system permits visual detection of living mutant cells among a background of non‐mutant cells and does not require a selective medium. The results show that the construct reverts by large deletions (–62, –100, and –162 bp), small insertions (+4 bp), small rearrangements (19 bp duplication), base substitutions at purines (G₆₅₂, G₆₅₃, A₆₅₅, G₅₇₉), and a pyrimidine (T₆₅₄) between nucleotide positions 579 and 837. Splice‐site mutations were recovered, and some of the mechanisms underlying these mutations are discussed. Because of the ease of detection of revertant cells under fluorescent light and the wide variety of mutations that can be recovered, further development of this system could make it a useful new mammalian cell mutagenicity assay. Hum Mutat 18:526–534, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

L-硝基精氨酸甲酯对实验性葡萄膜炎的影响

目的：观察一氧化氮（ＮＯ）含量含量在葡萄炎房东水及玻璃体中的变化及Ｌ－硝基精氨酸甲酯（Ｎ＾Ｇ－ｎｉｔｒｏ－Ｌ－ａｒｇｉｎｉｎｅ ｍｅｔｈｙｌ ｅａｒｔｅｒ,Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ）的治疗效果。方法;采用兔眼玻璃２本内注射内毒素脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）制备葡萄膜炎模型,以检测房水蛋白浓度,结果：葡萄为房水及玻璃体及玻璃体中显著增高,即刻使用Ｌ ＮＡＭＥ;显著降低了ＮＯ水平,同时其蛋白浓度、细胞数目及组织炎症程度明显降     

Persistence of effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors: Comparisons on blood flow and plasma exudation in guinea pig skin

Plasma protein extravasation has been measured in guinea pig skin using

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-albumin and blood flow using

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enon (

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e) clearance. The nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitors N^G-nitro-

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-arginine methyl ester (

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-NAME), N^G-monomethyl-

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-arginine (l

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NMMA) and N^G-nitro-

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-arginine (

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-NOArg) and the α-adrenoceptor agonist, phenylephrine, inhibited bradykinin induced plasma protein extravasation when co-injected with the peptide. The inhibitory effects of

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-NAME and

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-NOArg lasted for up to 8 and 4 h, respectively, whereas phenylephrine and

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-NMMA had no persistent inhibitory effects. When co-injected with

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e,

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-NAME,

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-NMMA,

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-NOArg and phenylephrine, but not

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-NAME, produced significant reductions in skin blood flow. When injected prior to

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e,

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-NAME and

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-NOArg, but not phenylephrine or

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-NMMA, significantly reduced flow. The effect of

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-NAME on flow was not significant at 8 h. Thus, although the inhibitory effects of the NO synthase inhibitors on mediator induced plasma protein extravasation show correlations with their effects on blood flow, the persistent effect of

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-NAME on exudation appears to extend beyond its effect on flow.     

Nitroaromatic compounds: Environmental toxicity,carcinogenicity, mutagenicity,therapy and mechanism

Vehicle pollution is an increasing problem in the industrial world. Aromatic nitro compounds comprise a significant portion of the threat. In this review, the class includes nitro derivatives of benzene, biphenyls, naphthalenes, benzanthrone and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, plus nitroheteroaromatic compounds. The numerous toxic manifestations are discussed. An appreciable number of drugs incorporate the nitroaromatic structure. The mechanistic aspects of both toxicity and therapy are addressed in the context of a unifying mechanism involving electron transfer, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress and antioxidants. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Nitro‐Group Functionalization of Dopamine and its Contribution to the Viscoelastic Properties of Catechol‐Containing Nanocomposite Hydrogels

Linear polyacrylamide (PAAm) is modified with dopamine or nitrodopamine (PAAm‐D and PAAm‐ND, respectively) to evaluate the effect of nitro‐group modification on the interfacial binding properties of polymer‐bound catechol. Nanocomposite hydrogels are prepared by mixing PAAm‐based polymers with Laponite and the viscoelastic properties of these materials are determined using oscillatory rheometry. The incorporation of a small amount of catechol (≈0.1 wt% in swollen hydrogel) drastically increases the shear moduli by 1–2 orders of magnitude over those of the catechol‐free control. Additionally, PAAm‐ND exhibits higher shear moduli values than PAAm‐D across the whole pH range tested (pH 3.0–9.0). Based on the calculated effective crosslinking density, effective functionality, and molecular weight between crosslinks, nitro‐group functionalization of dopamine results in a polymer network with increased crosslinking density and crosslinking points with higher functionality. Nitro‐functionalization enhances the interfacial binding property of dopamine and increases its resistant to oxidation, which results in nanocomposite hydrogels with enhanced stiffness and a viscous dissipation property.

     

L-NNA对脑缺血再灌注后海马区细胞凋亡的影响

自从一氧化氮(Ｎｉｔｒｉｃｏｘｉｄｅ,ＮＯ)作为一种特殊的效应分子引起人们的关注以来,许多生物学效应被归因于ＮＯ的作用。在脑血管系统中,ＮＯ的生物学效应对调节脑血管功能有重要意义。已有文献报道细胞的ＮＯ依赖性死亡是通过细胞凋亡实现的。本文探讨一氧化氮合酶(Ｎｉｔｒｉｃｏｘｉｄｅｓｙｎｔｈａｓｅ,ＮＯＳ)抑制剂ＬＮＮＡ与海马区细胞凋亡的关系。1　材料与方法1.1　实验动物　♂沙土鼠70～80ｇ(约12ｗｋ龄)20只,随机分为两组,实验组及对照组各10只。19991030收稿,19991224修回山东省自然科学基金资助课题,ＮｏＹ98Ｃ19048作…     

Reactivity of alveolar macrophages during granulomatous inflammation of the lungs under conditions of acute massive blood loss

Reactivity of mouse alveolar macrophages by their ability to phagocytize killedSt. aureus bacteria and production of reactive oxygen metabolites (nitro blue tetrazolium test) in response to zymosan administration was studied under normal conditions and after acute massive blood loss. Zymosan-induced granulomatous inflammation of the lungs during acute massive blood loss 2-fold inhibited the increase in oxidative metabolism of alveolar macrophages. Suppressed production of toxic oxygen radicals in alveolar macrophages was accompanied by accelerated recovery of cells on the surface of the respiratory tract. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 138, No. 9, pp. 257–260, September, 2004