多糖单克隆抗体的研究进展

介绍了制备多糖抗原的两种方法及影响多糖免疫原性的因素,并综述了检测多糖单抗的酶联免疫吸附测定法的最新进展以及多糖单克隆抗体在菌体亚型分类、抗原表位研究、疾病诊断治疗和多糖药代动力学研究等方面的应用情况。     

Antigenicity and immunogenicity of phage library-selected peptide mimics of the major surface proteophosphoglycan antigens of Entamoeba histolytica

Entamoeba histolytica is the protozoan parasite responsible for intestinal amoebiasis and amoebic liver abscess, which cause significant morbidity and mortality in many countries of the world. Proteophosphoglycans (PPGs, also known as lipophosphoglycans, LPGs, or lipopeptidophosphoglycans, LPPGs) represent dominant surface components of E. histolytica. Passive immunization with a monoclonal antibody (EH5) directed against these components protected SCID mice from amoebic liver abscess, so PPGs might be regarded as vaccine candidates; however, their structure is very complex and only known in part. They are glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked polypeptides of unknown sequence carrying glycan side-chains linked to serine residues via phosphodiester bonds. In order to identify peptide mimics of the E. histolytica PPG antigens, we screened six different phage-displayed random peptide libraries with the antibody EH5. Various peptide mimics of different length were identified and, in all the peptides, a distinct consensus sequence Gly-Thr-His-Pro-X-Leu could be identified. The phages strongly bound to the antibody, and the natural antigen inhibited binding of the phages to antibody EH5. In addition, several of the phages induced a significant immunoglobulin G response against amoebic antigens in immunized mice.     

CD20抗原模拟表位的筛选

目的：筛选CD20分子的模拟表位肽,构建针对CD20分子的治疗性疫苗,以期为淋巴瘤以及其它B细胞相关性疾病的治疗提供新的方向.方法：利用噬菌体随机呈现肽库筛选技术,以人淋巴细胞分化抗原CD20 mAb Rituximab为靶点,筛选CD20分子的模拟表位肽.通过ELISA方法检测筛选出的阳性噬菌体与Rituximab的特异性结合,并以竞争性结合实验检测筛选出的阳性噬菌体与Raji细胞表面的CD20分子竞争结合Rituximab的能力.最后以Sanger双脱氧链终止法测定DNA序列,推断其氨基酸序列.结果：成功筛选出针对CD20 mAb Rituximab的阳性噬菌体,获得了CD20分子的模拟表位肽QDKLTQWPKWLE.获得的阳性噬菌体能够与Rituximab特异性结合,并且表达该表位的噬菌体可以竞争性抑制Rituximab与天然CD20分子的结合.结论：CD20分子的抗原表位肽QDKLTQWPKWLE能够与mAb Rituximab特异性结合,与天然CD20分子竞争性结合mAb Rituximab,并具有潜在的应用价值.     

鼠伤寒脂多糖表位模拟位的筛选

目的获得模拟脂多糖抗原表位的噬菌体环状展示肽。方法用抗鼠伤寒菌脂多糖单克隆抗体2F4为靶分子,亲和筛选噬菌体随机环七肽库,双夹心ELISA及特异性抗原抑制试验鉴定阳性克隆。结果经三轮筛选,随机挑选38个克隆,其中34个克隆显示与2F4结合。鼠伤寒沙门氏菌脂多糖可抑制噬菌体克隆与2F4结合,所有克隆的半数抑制浓度为(0.125~0.250)μg/ml。挑选10个克隆测序并推导氨基酸序列,其中7个克隆出现P-X-WAS-X-W保守序列;10个序列中非极性氨基酸含量平均值为71.4%。结论噬菌体展示环七肽可模拟鼠伤寒沙门氏菌脂多糖抗原表位。     

模拟鼠伤寒脂多糖表位合成肽的初步研究

目的 探讨3种模拟LPS表位的合成肽的抗原性。方法固相合成模拟LPS表位的线性十二肽P12(GPPQW-FFSQPQL)、环七肽13a(SACPSWASFWCGG)和13b(SACFQFTYPAACGG),与钥孔嘁血蓝蛋白或蓝载体交联,ELISA鉴定合成肽-载体交联物与抗LPS抗体的反应性,竞争ELISA鉴定游离的合成肽对抗LPS抗体与LPS、表达LPS模拟位的阳性噬菌体克隆结合的抑制。结果合成肽-载体交联物可与LPS抗体结合;游离环七肽13a可抑制抗LPS单克隆抗体与LPS结合(IC50=125μg／mL)及抗LPS单克隆抗体与阳性噬菌体克隆K1的结合(IC50=15．6μg/mL);游离十二肽P12抑制抗LPS单克隆抗体与LPS结合(IC50=550μg/mL)及阳性噬菌体克隆P12与抗LPS单克隆抗体结合(IC50=375μg／mL);游离环七肽13b可抑制噬菌体克隆P4和LPS多克隆抗体的结合(IC50=31．25μg／mL)。结论模拟LPS表位的合成肽可模拟LPS表位的抗原性,环肽优于线性肽。     

Enhanced immunogenicity and antitumour effects with heterologous prime-boost regime using vaccines based on MG7-Ag mimotope of gastric cancer

MG7-Ag, gastric cancer-associated antigen, has been shown to be immunogenic and has been used as marker molecule for prognosis. In a previous study, we developed an oral DNA vaccine based on MG7-Ag mimotope. However, we failed to detect cellular immune response using the oral MG7-Ag mimotope DNA vaccine. To induce significant T cell response, we developed a recombinant adenovirus vaccine based on MG7-Ag mimotope and evaluated the efficacy and protective effects of heterologous prime-boost immunization protocol with an oral DNA vaccine previously developed. We found that both vaccines were able to elicit a significant humoral response against MG7-Ag, while the highest serum titre MG7 antibody was detected in mice immunized with the heterologous prime-boost immunization protocol. Enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay demonstrated that the heterologous prime-boost immunization strategy was more efficient in inducing T cell response than the homologous prime-boost strategy. In the tumour challenge assay, 2 of 5 mice immunized with the heterologous prime-boost protocol were tumour free, while none of the mice in homologous prime-boost groups or control groups was tumour free. Those tumour-bearing mice in the heterologous prime-boost regime had smaller tumour masses than their counterparts in the homologous prime-boost groups or control groups. Therefore, our study suggests that vaccines against MG7-Ag induce significant immune response against gastric cancer, and that the heterologous prime-boost protocol using different types of vaccines could achieve better protective effect than the homologous prime-boost protocol.     

Screening and identification of mimotopes of LPS conservative epitope from random phage display peptide library

liPOpolysacchedde(ffe), or endototin, is a common component of the cell wall Of Grin negative bacterias, and is considered the initiative factor inducing endototic shock. The s~ture of LPS is so complicated thatthere is no ideal antagonist, anhbody or vaccine for thePunention and therapy of itS toxicity. Since LPS serotypesare abundant, the 'conservative anhgen epitopes includinglipid A and the inner core Oligosacchallde become the besttarget that may win a break~gh for developingnovel cr…     

Cancer immunotherapy by a recombinant phage vaccine displaying EGFR mimotope: an in vivo study

Abstract

To date, several small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal-antibodies (like ICR-62) have been used to treat tumors over-expressing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, the limitations associated with these conventional applications accentuate the necessity of alternative approaches. Mimotopes as compelling molecular tools could rationally be employed to circumvent these drawbacks. In the present study, an M13 phage displaying ICR-62 binding peptide mimotope is exploited as a vaccine candidate. It exhibited high affinity towards ICR62 and polyclonal anti-P-BSA antibodies. Following the mice immunization, phage-based mimotope vaccine induced humoral immunity. Elicited anti-EGFR mimotope antibodies were detected using ELISA method. Moreover, the phage vaccine was tested on the Lewis lung carcinoma mice model to investigate the prophylactic and therapeutic effects. The tumor volume was measured and recorded in different animal groups to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of the vaccine. Our data indicate that the reported phage-based mimotope could potentially elicit specific antibodies resulting in low titers of EGFR-specific antibodies and reduced tumor growth. However, in vivo experiments of prophylactic or therapeutic vaccination showed no specific advantage. Furthermore, phage-mimotope vaccine might be a promising approach in the field of cancer immunotherapy.     

日本血吸虫模拟虫卵抗原表位的筛选和鉴定

目的　通过噬菌体肽文库技术探索可用于诊断日本血吸虫病的模拟虫卵抗原。　方法　用日本血吸虫虫卵单克隆抗体 6 B12作“诱饵”,采用生物淘金法从噬菌体 15 -肽文库中经过 3轮筛选 ,有效地富集与 6 B12有亲和力的噬菌体肽克隆。随后采用 EL ISA、竞争 EL ISA、Western blotting等检测方法 ,从 4 0 0个单克隆化的噬菌体株中得到 13株与 6 B12有特异性、高亲和力反应的噬菌体克隆。　结果　对噬菌体所携带的外源 DNA片段序列测序结果表明 ,13株噬菌体所携带的外源多肽序列完全相同。该噬菌体多肽抗原包被酶标板经 EL ISA方法对血吸虫病患者及健康人血清Ig G抗体检测结果表明 ,两者有显著性差异。　结论　噬菌体多肽模拟抗原有可能替代天然抗原用于血吸虫病诊断     

Dendritic Cell-Targeted Pancreatic ��-Cell Antigen Leads to Conversion of Self-Reactive CD4+ T Cells Into Regulatory T Cells and Promotes Immunotolerance in NOD Mice

Studies employing T cell receptor transgenic T cells have convincingly shown that selective delivery of non-self model antigens to DEC-205⁺ dendritic cells (DCs) in the steady-state can induce Foxp3-expressing CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T (Treg) cells from conventional CD4⁺CD25^-Foxp3^- T cells. Although of considerable clinical interest, the concept of DC-targeted de novo generation of antigen-specific Treg cells has not yet been evaluated for self-antigens and self-reactive CD4⁺ T cells in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Here, we show in proof-of-principle experiments that targeting a mimotope peptide to the endocytic receptor DEC-205 on DCs in NOD mice induces efficient conversion of pancreatic β-cell-reactive BDC2.5 CD4⁺ T cells into long-lived Foxp3⁺ Treg cells. Of note, conversion efficiency in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic mice with early diabetes onset was indistinguishable. While de novo generation of BDC2.5 Treg cells did not interfere with disease progression, anti-DEC-205-mediated targeting of whole proinsulin in prediabetic NOD mice substantially reduced the incidence of diabetes. These results suggest that promoting antigen-specific Treg cells in vivo might be a feasible approach towards cellular therapy in T1D.