Dopamine transporter density is decreased in parkinsonian patients with a history of manganese exposure: What does it mean?

Manganese (Mn) exposure can cause parkinsonism. Pathological changes occur mostly in the pallidum and striatum. Two patients with a long history of occupational Mn exposure presented with Mn-induced parkinsonism. In one patient, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed findings consistent with Mn exposure, and Mn concentration was increased in the blood and urine. However, this patient's clinical features were typical of idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD). Previous pathological and positron emission tomography studies indicate that striatal dopamine transporter density is normal in Mn-induced parkinsonism, whereas it is decreased in PD. Therefore, we performed [(123)I]-(1r)-2 beta-carboxymethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl)tropane ([(123)I]-beta-CIT) single-photon emission computed tomography. Severe reduction of striatal beta-CIT binding was indicated, which is consistent with PD. We propose three interpretations: (1) the patients have PD, and Mn exposure is incidental; (2) Mn induces selective degeneration of presynaptic dopaminergic nerve terminals, thereby causing parkinsonism; or (3) Mn exposure acts as a risk of PD in these patients. Our results and careful review of previous studies indicate that the axiom that Mn causes parkinsonism by pallidal lesion may be over-simplified; Mn exposure and parkinsonism may be more complex than previously thought. Further studies are required to elucidate the relationship between Mn and various forms of parkinsonism.     

ICR 小白鼠脏器中铜,锌锰含量

对40只正常成年远交系 ICR 小白鼠的主要脏器,用 WFX—Ⅱ型双光束原子吸收分光光度计测定了各脏器中铜、锌、锰含量.结果表明,主要脏器中铜、锌、锰含量大小顺序不一,铜含量最多的脏器是心,锌、锰含量最多的脏器是肝,在雌雄之间均无显著性差异.     

Progressive motor syndrome in a welder with pallidal T1 hyperintensity on MRI: A two-year follow-up.

Chronic exposure to manganese (Mn) fume during welding may lead to mainly extrapyramidal syndrome that is resistant to treatment. We present a 32-year-old patient who developed severe postural instability, Parkinsonism, dystonia, and pyramidal signs in the 10th year of welding. The neurological condition of the patient worsened markedly in the following 3 years, resulting in severe disability rendering him to be assisted in all his daily activities and he did not benefit from any dopaminergic agent. T1 sequences of the MRI of the brain showed pallidal hyperintensity symmetrically. Welders in our country often protect their eyes but ignore to use tools that protect them from inhalation of the fume. Since chronic Mn toxicity may cause serious disability and irreversible neurological disturbances, we strongly believe that it is necessary to inform welders and their employers about this potential hazard.     

茶叶中微量锰的新催化光度法测定

利用于氨三乙酸存在下，锰（Ⅱ）对高碘酸钾氧化二甲苯蓝ＦＦ的催化效应，建立了一个新的测定微量锰的动力学分光光度法。该法检出限为６×１０￣（－２）ｎｇ·ｍｌ￣（－１），线性范围为０．２～８．０ｎｇ·２．５ｍｌ￣（－１），常见离子基本不干扰测定。用于直接测定健齿茶和茉莉花茶中的锰含量，结果发现，锰含量分别为２２１４μｇ·ｇ￣（－１）及６４８μｇ·ｇ￣（－１）。此法简便易行，灵敏度高。     

示波极谱法测定植物中痕量锰

本文介绍在乙二胺介质中用JP-2型示波极谱仪测定植物中痕量锰的方法.锰量在2～500ng/ml范围内与催化极谱电流呈线性关系,常见20多种元素不干扰测定.本法简便、快速、炅敏,准确.回收率在90～110%之间.用本法测定植物中锰的结果与原子吸收法和分光光度法的测定结果非常吻合.     

老人自发与黑发中铜、锰、铁、锌、镁含量的比较

本文用原子吸收光谱法测定了延边地区65岁～108岁健康老人110人头发中的铜、锰、铁、锌及镁的含量,比较了66人的白发与44人的黑发中这些元素的含量差异.结果表明,白发中的锰和镁的含量明显低于黑发,但铜、锌、铁的含量则无明显差异.这些差别在男性很明显,但在女性则不甚明显.     

The Potential Roles of Blood–Brain Barrier and Blood–Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier in Maintaining Brain Manganese Homeostasis

Manganese (Mn) is a trace nutrient necessary for life but becomes neurotoxic at high concentrations in the brain. The brain is a “privileged” organ that is separated from systemic blood circulation mainly by two barriers. Endothelial cells within the brain form tight junctions and act as the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which physically separates circulating blood from the brain parenchyma. Between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the choroid plexus (CP), which is a tissue that acts as the blood–CSF barrier (BCB). Pharmaceuticals, proteins, and metals in the systemic circulation are unable to reach the brain and spinal cord unless transported through either of the two brain barriers. The BBB and the BCB consist of tightly connected cells that fulfill the critical role of neuroprotection and control the exchange of materials between the brain environment and blood circulation. Many recent publications provide insights into Mn transport in vivo or in cell models. In this review, we will focus on the current research regarding Mn metabolism in the brain and discuss the potential roles of the BBB and BCB in maintaining brain Mn homeostasis.     

Linoleic acid and tumor necrosis factor-α increase manganese superoxide dismutase activity in intestinal cells

Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) protects mitochondria from oxidative damage. Alterations in the regulation of MnSOD plays an important role in the development of many types of cancer. Activity of this enzyme is induced by inflammatory cytokines and other conditions that increase oxygen radical production. High levels of dietary lipid have been shown to decrease MnSOD activity. This study was designed to define the effect of various type of fatty acids on MnSOD activity and MnSOD induction. IEC-6 cells were treated with 40 μmol/l of either linoleic acid (LA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), or oleic acid (OA) in the presence or absence of 10 ng/ml tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Fatty acid supplementation increased MnSOD activity. MnSOD activity was greater in the LA group than in the EPA or OA groups. TNF-α induced MnSOD activity equally in all fatty acid-supplemented groups. High levels of MnSOD activity may be an indicator of chronic inflammation resulting from fatty acid, particularly LA, supplementation.     

锰化合物对神经母细胞瘤细胞SH-SY5Y脂质过氧化的作用

[目的 ]通过锰染毒神经母细胞瘤细胞 (SH SY5Y) ,观察脂质过氧化及其相关酶水平的改变 ,探讨锰对SH SY5Y的脂质过氧化及相关酶活性的影响 ,为进一步研究锰神经毒作用的机制提供科学依据。 [方法 ]采用浓度为 0 .2 5、0 .5 0、0 .75mmol/L的二价锰和三价锰 ,分别对体外培养的SH -SY5Y细胞染毒 2 4h ,测定超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽 (GSH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)和过氧化氢酶 (CAT)的活性。 [结果 ]二价锰和三价锰均可引起SOD、MDA、GSH、GSH Px和CAT活性的改变 ,其中SOD、GSH、GSH Px和CAT活性与对照组比较差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ,且存在剂量 效应关系。而MDA含量则较对照组升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,且随染毒浓度增高而上升。 [结论 ]一定浓度的锰化合物可使SH SY5Y细胞脂质过氧化反应增强 ,引起相关酶活性的改变。提示这种变化很可能是锰对神经细胞发挥毒作用的重要途径之一。