空管药物疗法治疗牙髓病和根尖周病疗效观察

用ＳＭＴＤ复合药物对牙髓病和根尖周病实施空管药物疗法。７８例１０３颗获得完整随访资料患牙经两年观察，９２．２％治愈率。文章介绍了治疗方法，讨论了空管药物疗法的愈合机理、优点、失败原因及其预防措施。     

Differential control of mesangial cell proliferation by interferon-gamma.

Rat mesangial cells were shown to be sensitive to recombinant interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). IFN-gamma reduced thymidine uptake by these cells and inhibited cell proliferation. Incubation of the cells with 1000 U/ml IFN-gamma decreased thymidine uptake by up to 64% and cell numbers were decreased by 17%. The effects of IFN-gamma were dose and time dependent and were partially reversible by the anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibody DB-1. This lymphokine did not reduce incorporation of RNA and protein precursors however. Measurements of 3H-uridine and 3H-leucine incorporation indicated significant increases in RNA and protein synthesis (37% and 45%, respectively) on a per cell basis. The mitogenic effects of IL-1 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were also susceptible to IFN-gamma-mediated inhibition but the mitogenic response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) was much less sensitive. We conclude that while IFN-gamma may act to modulate the mitogenic signals provided by some factors such as IL-1 and PDGF, the response to EGF appears to be unaffected.     

Production of multiple cytokines by cultured human melanomas*

Abstract We screened a panel of 8 primary and 21 metastatic melanoma cell lines for constitutive secretion of cytokines. Melanomas expressed bioactivity for TGF-β (8/25 lines) and IFN (7/12), but not IL-2. Immu-noassays detected IL-1α (4/25), IL-1β (12/25), 1L-6 (13/29), IL-8 (29/ 29), TGF-β₂, (5/12) and GM-CSF (11 /29). but not IL-3, IL-4, TNF-α, or IFN-γ. There was no preferential association of cytokine production with cells cultured from primary versus metastatic disease, and only IL-8 was produced by all lines tested. These data demonstrate that cultured melanomas produce a variety of cytokines which are potentially capable of influencing tumor growth in vivo.     

The B-cell activation pathway in human systemic lupus erythematosus: Imbalancedin vitro production of lymphokines and association with serum analytical findings

Recent knowledge of B-lymphocyte physiology has clarified the role of T cell-derived lymphokines in clonal proliferation and differentiation of B-cell responses. Lymphokine production was analyzed in 19 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and sex- and age-matched controls in relation to clinical activity and steroid treatment. Whenin vitro production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and B-cell growth factor (BCGF) was tested, both activities were found to be diminished in the group of patients (P<0.01), while B-cell differentiation factor (BCDF) activity was higher in this group with respect to normal controls (P<0.01). Interestingly enough, thisin vitro BCDF synthesis was positively correlated with clinical activity regardless of low-dose steroid treatment. A correlation was also found between BCDF production and the levels of IgG (r=0.64,P<0.01), anti-DNA antibodies (r=0.52,P<0.05), and the IgG/IgM ratio (r=0.7,P<0.01) in serum. Implications of these abnormal T-lymphocyte functions in SLE with respect toin vivo B-cell function are discussed.     

Electrocortical signs of word categorization in saccade-related brain potentials and visual evoked potentials

Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) elicited by foveal presentation of words were compared to brain potentials evoked by the same words in a condition where subjects had to make a saccadic eye movement in order to perceive the words (saccade-related brain potentials, SRPs). Subjects had to categorize the words responding with a button press to stimuli belonging to the target (infrequent, P = 0.2) category. The VEP and SRP waveforms showed divergences in the early (up to 250 ms) components, but a marked similarity between the late components. Principal Component Analysis also revealed the same relationship between the two types of brain responses. Peak latency of the late SRP components measured from saccade offset showed an apparent processing advantage over the corresponding late components of VEPs. The N3 component, indexing semantic processing of visual patterns, peaked between 310 and 375 ms in the SRPs, while in the VEPs it appeared between 410 and 470 ms. The P4 component, associated with final stimulus evaluation, showed a similar latency benefit in favour of SRPs (420-500 ms vs 530-590 ms in VEPs). The mean reaction time was 74 ms shorter in the eye movement condition (measured from saccade offset) than in the VEP condition (703 vs 777 ms). The question of what kind of processes may contribute to the differences in mean RTs and to the latencies of the late components between the two conditions are discussed. We suggest that the late components (P3, N3 and P4) of the VEP and the SRP, respectively, index identical brain processes.     

Immunotherapy of mice with an irradiated melanoma vaccine coupled with interleukin-12

Interleukin (IL)-12 can activate cytotoxic lymphocytes, stimulate natural killer cell activity, induce the production of INF- and inhibit the development of various experimental tumors. We previously demonstrated that immunotherapy of melanoma bearing mice with an irradiated melanoma vaccine (IMV) coupled with IL-2 or GM-CSF had beneficial effects against primary melanoma growth and against subsequent spontaneous metastasis. We also had found that treatment of melanoma bearing mice with IL-12 (300 ng/day) for 4 weeks inhibited the development of primary melanoma tumors in 40% of mice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of combined therapy of experimental melanoma with an IMV prepared from B16F10 melanoma cells coupled with IL-12 treatment. C57BL/6 mice were challenged subcutaneously in the tail with B16F10 melanoma cells and by the 45th day, more than 50% of the mice had developed visible primary melanoma tumors at the injection site. Subsequent immunotherapy of mice with IMV, when coupled with IL-12, provided partial inhibition of primary melanoma tumor growth. Optimal results against primary tumor growth were observed when IMV therapy was coupled with IL-12 at a dose of 50 ng/day. Combination of IMV with IL-12 at a dose of 100 ng/day significantly reduced melanoma metastasis to the lungs compared with control mice, and an improvement in mean survival time was observed in mice treated with a combination of IMV with IL-12 (300 ng/day).     

Synergistic effect of interleukin-2 and a vaccine of irradiated melanoma cells transfected to secrete staphylococcal enterotoxin A

We have previously reported that immunization of mice with melanoma cells transfected to secrete the superantigen, Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), increased the production of antibodies to the B700 melanoma antigen, stimulated the production of endogenous interleukin 2 (IL-2), activated the expression of CD4, CD8 and CD25 T cell markers and enhanced NK cell activity. Now we show that immunization of mice with a vaccine of irradiated sea-transfected melanoma cells coupled with IL-2 therapy was even more effective in inhibiting the growth of primary melanoma tumors and the development of lung metastases than was the irradiated melanoma cell vaccine alone or IL-2 alone. The morphological and immunological effectiveness of the therapy was dose-dependent on IL-2.     

A unique pattern of lymphokine synthesis is a characteristic of certain antigen-specific suppressor T cell clones

We report that the lymphokines (IFN-) and IL-10 are co-syntheslzedby previously described CD3⁺ TCRß⁺, minor antigen-specificsuppressor T cell clones. IFN- and IL-10 are known to (I) becharacteristically produced by different helper T cell types,T_h1 and T_h2 respectively, and (II) inhibit the function of thereciprocal subset of T cells: IFN- Inhibits the function ofT_h2 and IL-10 that of T_h1 cells. Although Th0 cells are alsoknown to synthesize cytoklnes of both the T_h1- and T_h2-typeT cells, the suppressor T cells described in this report aredifferent from T_h0 cells in that they produce (I) neither IL-2nor IL-4 molecules and (II) stimulation via their CD3-TCR systemseems independent of both IL-2 and IL-4, the typical autocrinemolecules for T cell proliferation. The lymphokine profile ofthese suppressor T (TJ cell clones, as well as those of humanantigen-specific T. cells reported earlier, suggests that co-synthesisof some T_h1-llke and some T_h2-like cytoklnes may be a characteristicof antigen-specific T, cells as opposed to the type of reciprocalinhibition mediated through IFN- or IL-10, which is antigennon-specific.     

The Follow-Up Study of Skin Reactivity to Recall Antigens and E- and EAC-RFC Profiles in Blood in Asbestos Workers

We have determined cutaneous DTH reactions to SK-SD and PPD and peripheral blood lymphocyte profiles in a group of asbestos workers in two consecutive surveys. It was found that asbestosis and, to a lesser extent, the presence of ANA are significantly correlated with the lack of response to the above antigens. 83% of asbestos workers when tested at a 4 year interval fell into the same two categories of responsiveness (lack of response or response at least to one antigen).The asbestosis cases had lower total lymphocyte count as well as proportions and absolute number of E-RFC as compared to asbestos workers without asbestosis and/or ANA. Furthermore, the latter group showed the lower percentages and absolute number of E-RFC than the matched controls. The presence of ANA is also correlated with lower proportions of E-RFC. However, this is related at least in part to asbestosis.