深低温停循环逆行脑灌注脑组织自由基变化的实验研究

研究深低温停循环（ＤＨＣＡ）与逆行脑灌注（ＲＣＰ）时脑组织自由基的变化。健康杂种犬１４只，随机等分为ＤＨＣＡ组和ＲＣＰ组，在停循环前（Ａ点）、ＤＨＣＡ／ＲＣＰ３０分（Ｂ点）、ＤＨＣＡ／ＲＣＰ６０分（Ｃ点）ＤＨＣＡ／ＲＣＰ９０分（Ｄ眯）和复温再灌注３０分（Ｅ点）取脑皮层ｌｇ，检测丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）水平。结果见两组在Ａ点ＭＤＡ和ＳＯＤ无差别。在Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ点，ＤＨＣＡ组ＭＤＡ     

Artificial Circulation of the Liver: Machine Perfusion as a Preservation Method in Liver Transplantation

Due to the sharp increase in liver transplant candidates and the subsequent shortage of suitable donor livers, an extension of the current donor criteria is necessary. Simple cold storage, the current standard in organ preservation has proven to be insufficient to preserve extended criteria donor livers. Therefore a renewed interest grew toward alternative methods for liver preservation, such as hypothermic machine perfusion and normothermic machine perfusion. These “new” preservation methods were primarily assessed in rat models, and only a few clinically relevant large animal models have been described so far. This review will elaborate on these alternative preservation methods. Anat Rec, 291:735–740, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Surgical management of a pulsatile chest wall mass secondary to an ascending aortic aneurysm in a patient with bovine arch

Ascending aortic pseudoaneurysms are rare, but life‐threatening conditions, that often require intervention. While endovascular techniques have advanced significantly, the majority of these clinical scenarios preclude endovascular options and the primary treatment modality remains open surgical repair. Repair of an aortic pseudoaneurysm eroding through the sternum resulting in a pulsatile chest wall mass is technically challenging. We report the successful repair of a large ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm in a 62‐year‐old male with bovine arch anatomy and prior Type A dissection repair, presenting with contained rupture and a pulsatile chest wall mass.     

Multisite Near Infrared Spectroscopy During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Pediatric Patients

Multisite near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring during pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has not been extensively validated. Although it might be rational to explore regional tissue saturation at different body sites (namely brain, kidney, upper body, lower body), conflicting results are currently provided by experience in children. The aim of our study was to evaluate absolute values of multisite NIRS saturation during CPB in a cohort of infants undergoing pediatric cardiac surgery to describe average differences between cerebral, renal, upper body (arm), and lower body (thigh) regional saturation. Furthermore, the correlation between cerebral NIRS and cardiac index (CI) at CPB weaning was evaluated. Twenty‐five infants were enrolled: their median weight, age, and body surface area were 3.9 (3.3–6) kg, 111 (47–203) days, and 0.24 (0.22–0.33) m², respectively. Median Aristotle score was 8 (6–10), and vasoactive inotropic score at CPB weaning was 16 (14–25). A total of 17 430 data points were recorded by each sensor: two‐way ANOVA showed that time (P < 0.0001) and site (P = 0.0001) significantly affected variations of NIRS values: however, if cerebral NIRS values are excluded, sensor site is no more significant (P = 0.184 in the no circulatory arrest [noCA] group and P = 0.42 in the circulatory arrest [CA] group). Analysis of NIRS saturation changes over time showed that, at all sites, average NIRS values increased after CPB start, even if the increase of cerebral saturation was less intense than other sites (P < 0.0001). Detailed analysis of interaction between site of NIRS measurement and time point showed that cerebral NIRS (ranging from 65 to 75%) was always significantly lower than that of other channels (P < 0.0001) that tended to be in the range of oversaturation (80–90%), especially during the CPB phase. Average cerebral NIRS values of patients who did not undergo circulatory arrest (CA) during CPB, 10 min after CPB weaning, were associated with average CI values with a significant correlation (r = 0.7, P = 0.003). In conclusion, during CPB, cerebral NIRS values are expected to remain constantly lower than somatic sensors, which instead tend to show similar elevated saturations, regardless of their position. Based on these results, positioning of noncerebral NIRS sensors during CPB without CA may be questioned.     

持续低温氧合机械灌注对小鼠心脏死亡器官捐献供肝的保护作用

目的研究体外持续低温氧合机械灌注对小鼠心脏死亡器官捐献(donation after cardiac death,DCD)供肝的保护作用。方法雄性ICR小鼠根据灌注保存方式不同分为新鲜供肝低温保存组(FC组)、DCD供肝低温保存组(DC组)和DCD供肝低温氧合机械灌注组(DP组),每组6只。低温灌注保存供肝6h后,收集保存过供肝的威斯康星大学保存液(University of Wisconsin solution,UW液),检测丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平。收集3组小鼠肝组织,切片,行常规苏木素-伊红(HE)染色,在光学显微镜下观察病理改变,用原位末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶标记法介导的dUTP缺口末端标记(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling,TUNEL)法观察3组小鼠肝细胞凋亡情况。结果保存6h后,DC组与DP组的UW液中的ALT、AST含量均明显高于FC组(均为P<0.01);DP组的ALT和AST含量均明显低于DC组(均为P<0.01)。光学显微镜下,FC组未见明显坏死区域,DC组肝细胞损伤严重,DP组肝组织未见明显损伤及坏死。荧光显微镜下,FC、DP两组肝细胞凋亡程度轻微,DC组肝细胞形态极不规则,肝细胞坏死严重。结论持续低温氧合机械灌注可减轻肝细胞损伤和凋亡,为DCD肝移植的器官保存研究提供了新的方法。