免疫组化法检测非甲-非庚型肝炎患者肝组织中输血传播病毒

目的　检测非甲-非庚型肝炎患者肝组织输血传播病毒(TTV)感染状况,TTV感染与肝组织炎症程度 及与血液学指标的相关性。方法　应用免疫组织化学法检测52例非甲-非庚型肝炎患者肝组织中TTV,并经原位 杂交证实;对TTV阳性和阴性组的血液学生化指标,诸如血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、血清天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、血 清总胆红素(TBIL)、白蛋白(ALB)、γ 球蛋白(γ G)、凝血酶原活动度(PTA)及组织学活动指数(HAI)进行了比较。 结果　非甲-非庚型肝炎患者肝组织中TTV抗原(TTVAg)阳性15例,检出率为28.8%;阳性物质主要定位于肝细 胞浆内,呈棕黄色细小颗粒,偶见肝细胞核内有表达;TTV阳性表达细胞呈单个、散在或片簇状分布;TTVAg阳性的 组织切片经苏木素-伊红(HE)染色后,可观察到病毒性肝炎的一些病理变化,如肝细胞胞浆疏松化、气球样变、嗜酸 样变、灶性坏死、凋亡、小叶内及汇管区炎细胞浸润;从15例TTVAg阳性病例中任选10例进行TTV DNA原位杂交 检测,结果8例阳性,二者符合率80.0%;同时对5例免疫组化TTVAg阴性肝组织进行TTV DNA原位杂交检测,结 果5例均为阴性,二者符合率100%;TTVAg阳性组ALT、AST、TBIL、γ G均值均高于TTVAg阴性组,ALB、PTA 均值均低于TTVAg阴性组,但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.0     

Is endoscopic one‐piece mucosal resection essential for early gastric cancer?

Background: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is widely accepted as a minimally invasive treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC) in Japan. However, the criteria for EMR must be strictly adhered to otherwise patients will miss the chance for additional therapy. We assess the important factor in expanding the indication of EMR. Methods: We investigated 1101 EGCs that had been resected by EMR at the National Cancer Center Hospital (NCCH), Tokyo, Japan, according to the indication recommended by Japanese Gastric Cancer Association (JGCA) and the expanded indication proposed by NCCH. Curability and local recurrence of the EMRs were assessed related to the applied indication and the number of resected specimens. Results: The recurrence rate of non‐evaluable resection was higher than that of evaluable resection (P < 0.0001). Eighty‐three lesions among 772 lesions in the JGCA group were non‐evaluable. Thirty‐seven leisons among 329 lesions in the NCCH group were non‐evaluable. There was no difference in the rate of non‐evaluable resection between JGCA and NCCH groups (P = 0.8329). However, the rate of curative resection was lower in the NCCH group than in the JGCA group (P = 0.0009). In piecemeal resection, there was no difference in the rate of non‐evaluable resection between JGCA and NCCH groups (P = 0.0527). In one‐piece resection, the rate of non‐evaluable resection was lower in the NCCH group than the JGCA group (P = 0.0137). Conclusion: Based on our series of cases, we propose one‐piece resection as a gold standard for EMR because it enables accurate histological evaluation, even in the EMR, according to the expanded indication.     

Staple penetration and staple histological response for attaching an epimysial electrode onto the abdominal surface of the diaphragm using a laparoscopic approach

Background: Laparoscopic stapling was found to be a viable option for attaching epimysial electrodes onto the abdominal surface of the diaphragm. Stapling was preferable to suturing due to its simplicity and speed. Methods: Of the two staplers tested in this study, the Ethicon Endopath was preferred over the Autosuture Endo Hernia because the staples did not penetrate the diaphragm when an electrode tab thickness greater than 0.75 mm was used. Results: The thickness of the electrode tab was an important factor in determining staple penetration but large variation in penetration depth indicated that other factors may also play a role. An electrode tab thickness of 1.0–1.25 mm was suggested to minimize the risk of diaphragm perforation. Conclusions: The histological reaction to staples implanted up to 14 months was unremarkable, reflecting the safety of laparoscopic staples for permanently anchoring electrodes on the diaphragm. Received: 2 April 1996/Accepted: 12 June 1996     

河北省中药混乱品种鉴别研究——6.蕲蛇及其伪品的鉴别

按照中国药典1985年版蕲蛇为蝰科动物五步蛇除去内脏的干燥体。近年在河北省的药村商品中,发现有游蛇科动物滑鼠蛇混入其中,充当蕲蛇。作者应用解剖、组织切片的方法,研究了蕲蛇与滑鼠蛇在形态组织上的鉴别特征。它们的主要区别在于:鳞片、体表花纹、牙齿、鼻骨的形态;椎骨的形态与组织特征。据此可以鉴别蕲蛇与滑鼠蛇的真伪。     

Thick malignant melanomas (> 3 mm Breslow) with good clinical outcome: a histological study and survival analysis

Thick malignant melanomas in general tend to have a poor prognosis, but exceptions occur where there may be no further recurrence. The reasons for this difference in clinical behaviour are not fully understood. We have looked at thick malignant melanomas (greater than 3.0 mm) in the East of Scotland that have no evidence of metastasis after a minimum of 6 years follow-up and compared the clinical and histological features with a similar group, associated with histological evidence of metastasis and/or death. Both groups received similar treatment regimes. We have identified 41 patients with thick melanomas in the former group. When compared with the control group, factors found to be significantly different between the two groups were: the nature of the lower margin of the tumour; vascular invasion; and anatomical location.     

Changes in the volume and histology of retractile testes in prepubertal boys

Testicular development was studied in prepubertal boys with retractile testes. Testicular volume, the diameter of the seminiferous tubules and the number of spermatogonia in the tubules were decreased in cases of unilateral retractile testis, when compared with values for the contralateral normally descended testis. On the other hand, in patients with a unilateral retractile testis and contralateral inguinal testis, there was no difference in the developmental parameters between the two testes. These results suggest that the retractile testis has developmental failures characteristic of a cryptorchid testis and therefore requires orchiopexy.     

Histological grade in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast correlates with the proliferative activity evaluated by BrdU: An immunohistochemical study including correlations with p53, c-erbB-2 and estrogen receptor status

Thirty cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast were classified to histological subtype according to the General Rules for Clinical and Pathological Recording of Breast Cancer of the Japanese Breast Cancer Society and histologically graded using the Nottingham method and the correlation of histology with proliferative activity was investigated using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). In addition, the overexpression of p53 protein, c-erbB-2 oncoprotein and estrogen receptor (ER) were immunohistochemically examined in order to discuss the relationship with histological subtype and histological grade. Histological grade correlated positively to the BrdU labeling index (LI) and overexpression of p53. High grade carcinoma demonstrated c-erbB-2 more frequently and exhibited a low incidence of ER. However, no significant relationship was found between BrdU LI, overexpression of p53 and c-erbB-2 and histological subtype. These results suggest that the histological grade does represent the proliferative activity of tumor cells and that adding the histological grade to the pathological diagnosis in invasive ductal breast carcinoma may be useful from the clinicopathological aspect concerning tumor behavior.     

An improved technique for repeated gavage administration to rat neonates

ABSTRACT  The technique for gavage administration to rat nurslings was improved to allow determination of the direct effects of chemical substances in the nurslings. Rat neonates were treated with distilled water from postnatal day 1 through 20 using this technique. The viability of neonates during the administration period was comparable to that of untreated neonates. No adverse effects of this technique on the development of neonates were found, and no histological alterations of the esophagus or pharynx. Therefore, we conclude that use of our improved gavage administration method will contribute to ensuring successful neonatal development and thus allowing accurate assessment of the toxicological effects of test compounds on rat nurslings.