眼镜蛇人蛰前、蛰眠期和出蛰后血清激素与能量物质代谢的关系

本文研究眼镜蛇入蛰前、蛰眠期及出蛰后血清 T_3,T_4和皮质醇水平与体内能量物质的含量变化关系,探讨其与蛰眠行为的关系。结果表明入蛰前眼镜蛇大量摄食储能过冬,由于血清激素水平降低,控制了体内组织器官的氧化代谢系统,使新陈代谢逐渐下降。蛰眠期血糖血脂明显下降,耗氧量显著减少,呈节能低代谢状态。此期血清激素水平已升高,但低温抑制了体内代谢。出蛰后血清激素水平明显升高且在春暖升温季节使眼镜蛇代谢率升高。     

黄鼠出蛰后巢蚤和体蚤组成及数量动态的研究

通过对出蛰后的达乌尔黄鼠巢蚤和体蚤的调查,发现这一时期的巢蚤组成为阿巴盖新蚤,占41.8％,光亮额蚤,占30.8％,方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种,占25.6％,其它,占1.8％;鼠体蚤组成为方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种,占67.8％,光亮额蚤,占17.8％,阿巴盖新蚤,占13.5％,其它,占0.9％。巢蚤和体蚤的数量在黄鼠出蛰后的一个月内变化不大,处于低水平状态,一个月后数量开始明显上升。怍者认为黄鼠出蛰后一个月内是灭蚤的有利时机。     

Changes in activity of neutral proteases in tissues of ground squirrels in the dynamics of hibernation

Total activities of neutral proteases in the cerebral, hepatic, and myocardial tissues of ground squirrel vary during hibernation: in autumn (before hibernation) activities of the enzymes in the brain and myocardium start increasing, while in the liver they do not change. A common feature for all tissues is minimum activity of active neutral proteases in the middle of hibernation month 1 bout, while the maximum activity is recorded before awakening. Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 146, No. 9, pp. 278–280, September, 2008     

Left ventricular dysfunction due to stunning and hibernation in patients

Left ventricular dysfunction is in most cases the consequence of myocardial ischemia. It may occur transiently during an attack of angina and usually it is reversible. It may persist over hours or even days in patients after an episode of ischemia followed by reperfusion, leading to the so-called condition of stunning. In patients with persistent limitation of coronary flow, left ventricular dysfunction may be present over months and years, or indefinitely in subjects with fibrosis, scar formation, and remodeling after myocardial infarction. Bowever, chronic left ventricular dysfunction does not mean permanent or irreversible cell damage. Bypoperfused myocytes can remain viable but akinetic. This type of dysfunction has been calledhibernating myocardium. The dysfunction due to hibernation can be partially or completely restored to normal by reperfusion. It is, therefore, important to clinically recognize a hibernating myocardium. In the present article we evaluate stunning and hibernation with respect to clinical decision making and, when possible, we refer to our ongoing clinical experience.     

淡色库蚊越冬过程中蛋白质／多肽二维电泳分析

用二维电泳对淡色库蚊越冬过程中蛋白质/多肽的变化进行了研究。分别查出未越冬蚊、越冬蚊及越冬复苏蚊分子量及等电点不同的蛋白质/多肽点153个、118个和169个。分子量在43kDa以下的斑点占79.08-89.83％,等电点在5.65-7.34的斑点占66.01-83.90％。越冬蚊与越冬复苏蚊的蛋白质/多肽点总差异率(31.01％),显著高于未越冬蚊与越冬复苏蚊的总差异率(21.12％)(P<0.01)。未越冬蚊、越冬蚊与越冬复苏蚊三者共有的蛋白质/多肽点为71个,特有的斑点分别为13个、7个和27个。越冬复苏蚊的蛋白质/多肽点的变异率(15.98％)显著高于未越冬蚊(8.50％)(P<0.05)及越冬蚊(5.93％)(P<0.01)。整个越冬过程中蛋白质/多肽点的总变异率为10.68％。因用于制备匀浆的蚊虫胃血均为Sellal期,卵巢发育不超过体止期,故可排除胃血及卵巢后期发育对结果的影响。     

Evidence that stunning can be cumulative in man

Myocardial stunning and hibernation are two entities that have become increasingly recognised as clinically important causes of reversible left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Their occurrence is important as resting myocardial dysfunction, which was once thought to be irreversible, may recover if ischaemia is lessened or abolished. Recent evidence has suggested that cumulative stunning can occur in man and may in fact be responsible for the phenomenon of hibernation. In this chapter we will review the evidence supporting the occurrence of cumulative stunning in man.     

慢性心肌冬眠动物模型的建立

目的建立慢性心肌冬眠动物模型.方法随机选择健康杂种犬22只,使冠状动脉左前降支缩窄50%,继续喂养1个月以上,行第二次手术,暴露犬左心室和左前降支狭窄处,进行①多巴酚丁胺超声心动图负荷试验;②潘生丁负荷试验;③心肌声学造影;④氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色;⑤病理学检查.结果共10只犬完成了所有实验步骤,存活时间25～55d,平均(45.2±9.59)d.①结扎后与结扎前冠脉内径比为0.44～0.54,平均0.48±0.04;②10只犬均出现并保持了节段性室壁运动异常;③多巴酚丁胺负荷试验中,所有犬均出现室壁运动改善及"双相反应";④潘生丁负荷试验表明冠脉血流储备明显降低;⑤运动异常节段声学造影后的灰阶强度较正常节段明显减低;⑥术后TTC染色及光镜和电镜证实3只犬出现小灶性透壁性心肌坏死,1只犬出现小灶性心内膜下心肌坏死,余6只犬均无心肌坏死发现.结论在动物实验中,建立慢性(＞1 mo)心肌冬眠的动物模型是可行的.     

蝇蛹寄生蜂的研究近况

蝇类生物防治是近年来才引起重视的防治手段,蝇蛹寄生蜂是生物防治的重要内容之一.近年来国内外研究进展较大,主要表现在对贮存宿主的研究中利用冷冻蛹延长释放与保存,生态学研究引起重视,对滞育越冬现象有了进一步了解,对种群模拟、竞争、行为、生殖等基本生物学内容研究较多,在遗传与杂交以及与寄主、杀虫剂等关系方面也取得了许多新的认识.     

Stunning of the myocardium: An update

Summary When severely ischemic myocardium is reperfused, prolonged myocardial dysfunction—a phenomenon named myocardial stunning—frequently occurs. Stunning also occurs in a variety of other situations. These include myocardium located adjacent to infarcted tissue, transient increase in myocardial O₂ demands in the presence of incomplete coronary obstruction, during both systole and diastole, in isolated perfused hearts rendered ischemir or anoxic, and in a variety of clinical situations, such as following ischemic arrest in cardiac surgery, thrombolytic reperfusion, and after episodes of severe ischemia in Prinzmetal's angina or unstable angina. Although the fundamental mechanism (s) responsible for myocardial stunning has not been elucidated, in experimental preparations calcium antagonists, free-radical scavengers, and neutrophil depletion have each been found to be helpful in minimizing it.     

联合应用亚低温和冬眠疗法治疗重度颅脑损伤

目的观察联合应用亚低温和冬眠疗法治疗重度颅脑损伤的疗效。方法将 2 4例重度颅脑损伤患者随机分为联合治疗组和常温对照组。所有患者的格拉斯哥昏迷指数均介于 3 -8分之间。在患者受伤 10h之内 ,给予联合治疗组患者 1号冬眠合剂全量 ,并使用冰毯将其体温降至 3 2℃ -3 4℃ (直肠温度 )。维持该组患者体温在这一范围内 5d ,随后上升至 3 5℃维持 2 4h ,然后撤去冰毯 ,让体温自然上升至正常水平。在入院后第 3d和第 7d ,检查颅内压、肌酸磷酸激酶、动脉血氧分压 (PaO2 )、动脉血二氧化碳分压 (PaCO2 )、血小板 (platelet ,PLT)计数和血离子K 、Na 的浓度 ,计算其差值。入院 7d后 ,记录患者的格拉斯哥结果指数及每组的死亡率。结果联合治疗组的死亡率 (2 5 0 % )低于常温对照组 (66 6% ,P <0 0 5 )。联合治疗组的颅内压、肌酸磷酸激酶和血小板计数分别显著低于常温组 (P <0 0 5 )。平均动脉压、血离子浓度、动脉血氧分压和二氧化碳分压方面在两组之间无显著差异(P >0 0 5 )。结论联合应用亚低温和冬眠疗法能够有效地降低重度颅脑损伤患者的死亡率 ,而且具有简便易行、侵袭性小和并发症少等优点。