辅助超声电导靶位透药治疗结核性胸膜炎的效果分析

目的分析全身抗结核治疗联合超声电导靶位透药导入异烟肼和利福平局部处理在治疗结核性渗出性胸膜炎中的疗效。方法 120例初治结核性渗出性胸膜炎患者,随机分为对照组和超导组各60例;对照组给予常规规则抗结核治疗、胸穿抽液和胸腔内给药,超导组在对照组治疗基础上联合使用患侧胸部局部超声电导靶位透药导入异烟肼和利福平;分别于治疗15、30及60 d查胸腔B超、胸部X片,观察并记录患者的临床症状、胸水量、胸膜肥厚及包裹的情况。比较治疗15及30 d后两组疗效及胸水吸收情况,比较治疗30及60 d后两组胸膜增厚、粘连、包裹等并发症的发生率。结果治疗30 d后,两组所有病例临床症状均缓解,有效率均为100%,差异无统计学意义。治疗30 d后,超导组胸水完全吸收者56例(93.3%),对照组胸水完全吸收者46例(76.7%),超导组胸水完全吸收患者比例高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗30及60 d后,超导组发生胸膜增厚、粘连、包裹等并发症的发生率分别为6.6%及3.3%,对照组分别为23.3%及16.7%,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论治疗结核性渗出性胸膜炎时,加用超声电导靶位透药导入异烟肼和利福平早期局部处理,有助于胸水吸收,并减轻胸膜肥厚、包裹等后遗症发生。     

川芎嗪靶向透皮辅助治疗结核性胸膜炎的临床疗效观察

目的评价川芎嗪经超声电导靶向透皮治疗结核性胸膜炎的疗效。方法 90例初治结核性渗出性胸膜炎患者随机分为对照组、静脉组、超声电导组各30例。对照组采用胸腔引流及全身抗结核治疗;静脉组在对照组基础上联合川芎嗪静脉滴注2周;超声电导组在对照组基础上联合川芎嗪靶向透皮治疗2周。观察治疗后热退时间、胸水消失时间、胸膜肥厚情况。计量资料用±s表示,3组间比较采用方差分析,组间两两比较采用q检验。以P0.05为差异具有统计学意义。结果对照组、静脉组、超声电导组的退热时间分别为3.9±2.5d、3.3±1.8d、3.2±1.7d,3组间无显著差异;胸水消退时间及胸膜厚度分别为7.9±2.6d、6.6±2.4d、6.3±2.4d和2.85±0.99mm、1.74±0.57mm、1.68±0.45mm,静脉组及超声电导组间无统计学差异,但较对照组均有统计学差异。结论川芎嗪经超声电导透皮辅助治疗结核性胸膜炎,具有安全、有效、无创、简便的优点。     

超声电导药物透入在治疗结核性渗出性胸膜炎中的作用

目的探讨超声电导药物透入（Electmphonophoresis，EP）在治疗结核性胸膜炎中的作用。方法将65例初治结核性渗出性胸膜炎患者随机分为治疗组（32例）和对照组（33例），对照组给予全身抗结核药物化疗和胸腔穿刺抽液，治疗组在上述治疗基础上，在胸水不能定位时联合EP局部透入异烟肼和地塞米松针治疗。治疗组于EP治疗第15天、30天、60天，观察临床症状改善、胸水吸收和胸膜增厚、粘连、包裹情况。对照组于胸水不能定位后第15天、30天、60天，观察临床症状改善、胸水吸收和胸膜增厚、粘连、包裹情况。结果治疗组在胸水吸收率和降低胸膜增厚、粘连、包裹并发症的发生率方面，均显著优于对照组。结论EP局部透入抗结核化疗药物可提高结核性渗出性胸膜炎治疗效果。     

Transdermal delivery of isoniazid and rifampin in guinea pigs by electro-phonophoresis

Electro-phonophoresis (EP) has been used as a drug delivery approach in clinical fields. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the skin permeability of isoniazid and rifampin in guinea pigs by EP to provide reference basis for clinical applications of such transdermal delivery system in the treatment of patients with superficial tuberculosis. Isoniazid and rifampin solutions were delivered transdermally with or without EP in health guinea pigs for 0.5?h. Local skin and blood samples were collected serially at 0, 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24?h after dosing. Drug concentrations in local skin and blood were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Isoniazid concentrations in local skin of guinea pigs receiving isoniazid through EP transdermal delivery were significantly higher than in animals receiving only isoniazid with transdermal patch. However, for rifampin, patches alone group presented almost uniform concentration versus time curve with that of EP group, and both groups had concentrations much higher than the therapeutic concentration of the drug over sustainable time. After EP transdermal delivery, the mean peak concentrations of isoniazid and rifampin in skin were 771.0?±?163.4?μg/mL and 81.2?±?17.3?μg/mL respectively. Neither isoniazid nor rifampin concentration in blood could be detected (below the lower detection limit of 1?μg/mL) at any time point. The present study showed that application of EP significantly enhanced INH penetration through skin in guinea pigs, while RIF patch alone obtained therapeutic concentration in local skin. Our work suggests several possible medication approaches for efficient treatment of superficial tuberculosis.