Age-specific cerebral perfusion in 4- to 15-year-old children: a high-resolution brain SPET study using 99mTc-ECD

This study addresses the question of whether the normal range for distribution of local cerebral blood flow (lCBF) in adults can be transferred to the 4- to 15-year-old age group. Twenty-three children (age: 4–15 years; mean 11±3 years, group I) and 10 adults (age: 27–56 years; mean 45±10 years, group II) without evidence of cerebrovascular disease or other brain diseases underwent technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer single-photon emission tomography. Counts in cortical and subcortical regions of interest (ROIs) were related to those in cerebellar ROIs (= 100%). Relative cortical activity in group I exceeded that in group II, particularly in left parietal (107.6%±9.8% vs 84.1%±12.4%), left frontal (97.7%±6.7% vs 79.4%±8.9%) and left temporal areas (99.7%±7.4% vs 84.9%±10.1%) and in the cingulate cortex (112.1%±9.1% vs 95.9%±10.1%, P<0.05). Cerebral activity uptake per injected dose was inversely correlated with age in 19 children of group I (r = –0.77, P<0.001). In group I, there was also an inverse correlation between age and the relative local count density in the parietal (r = –0.42 to –0.57), frontal (r = –0.48), temporal (r = –0.42 to –0.58) and occipital cortex (r = –0.44). In these cortical regions relative counts differed when subgroups of children aged 4–10 and 11–15 years were analysed. It is concluded that there are systematic differences between 4- to 15-year-old children and adults with regard to normal lCBF. Diagnostic use of perfusion agents has to consider age-adjusted normal flow maps; normal ranges should be determined separately for the age groups 4–10 and 11–15 years. Received 23 March and in revised form 11 July 1997     

Altered dimerization of metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 in schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Group II mGlus (mGlu2 and mGlu3) have attracted considerable interest since the development of potent specific agonists that exhibit atypical antipsychotic-like activity and reports of a genetic association between the mGlu3 gene and schizophrenia. METHODS: In this postmortem study, mGlu3 protein levels in Brodmann area 10 of prefrontal cortex from schizophrenic (n = 20) and control (n = 35) subjects were analyzed by western immunoblotting using a novel specific mGlu3 antibody and an antibody for the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1). RESULTS: We report a significant decrease in the dimeric/oligomeric forms of mGlu3 in schizophrenic patients compared with control subjects, whereas total mGlu3 and VGluT1 levels were not altered significantly. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first experimental evidence that mGlu3 receptor levels are altered in schizophrenia and supports the hypothesis that neurotransmission involving this particular excitatory amino acid receptor is impaired in schizophrenia.     

急性心肌梗塞溶栓治疗后D-二聚体动态变化的意义

在22例符合溶栓条件的急性心肌梗塞患者，应用尿激酶溶栓治疗前后，用乳胶颗粒凝集法检测了血清D-二聚体的动态变化和对照组比较，D-二聚体含量在梗塞相关动脉（IRA）再通者明显升高（P＜0．01），而IRA未再通者仅稍有升高（P＞0．05）。结果表明，D-二聚体水平和IRA再通与否之间有良好的相关性，且方法简便，易于推广。     

新型控释化疗系统的基础研究

研究一种新型的控释化疗系统聚-二聚酸一葵二酸一阿霉索(P(DA—SA)-阿霉索(在脑组织内的相容性、体内外释药特性及体外抑瘤特性。将空载体P(DA—SA)分别植入实验动物脑内，观察局部反应；用紫外线光谱测定P(DA—SA)-阿霉素在磷酸盐缓冲液及兔脑内的控释特性；流式细胞仪检测P(DA—SA)-阿霉索诱发的胶质瘤细胞株的凋亡。P(DA—SA)在兔脑内引起的反应较轻，与明胶海绵相比无明显差异。P(DA—SA)-阿霉素在体内外释药速率稳定，控释时间达3周。控释剂组的胶质瘤细胞凋亡率达69．9％，与对照组有明显差异。P(DA—SA)具有良好的组织相容性，P(DA—SA)-阿霉索控释剂在体内外的控释效果理想，杀伤效应明显，该控释化疗系统有很好的临床应用价值。     

Exciting Performance of Plasma Fibrinogen in Periprosthetic Joint Infection Diagnosis

ObjectiveTo test the significance of serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), the platelet count/mean platelet volume ratio (PC/MPV), plasma fibrinogen, and D‐Dimer in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) diagnosis.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 149 patients diagnosed from July 2016 to December 2019 with primary osteoarthritis (OA group, average age 63.18 years [range, 53–82 years] 18 males, 46 females), PJI (PJI group, average age 63.74 years [range, 52–81 years], 16 males, 31 females), and aseptic loosening (aseptic group, average age 63.18 years [range, 53–80 years], 12 male, 26 female) in our department. Demographic data and the sensitivity and specificity of preoperative CRP, ESR, PC/MPV, fibrinogen, and D‐Dimer in PJI diagnosis were compared.ResultsThere were no significant differences when the demographic data of the three groups were compared. The expression level of CRP (50.67 ± 58.98 mg/L), ESR (50.55 ± 25.81 mm/h), PC/MPV (35.79 ± 18.00), and fibrinogen (4.85 ± 1.33 μg/mL) in the PJI group were higher than in the OA group (CRP: 4.09 ± 9.68 mg/L; ESR:13.44 ± 9.32 mm/1 h; PC/MPV: 24.97 ± 7.58; fibrinogen: 3.09 ± 0.55 μg/mL) and the aseptic group (CRP: 7.01 ± 11.83 mg/L; ESR: 22.47 ± 17.53 mm/1 h; PC/MPV: 25.18 ± 11.48; fibrinogen: 3.39 ± 0.80 μg/mL), respectively. The expression level of plasma D‐dimer (1.60 ± 1.29 mg/L) in the PJI group was higher than in the OA group (0.49 ± 0.42 mg/L) but similar to that in the aseptic group (1.21 ± 1.35 mg/L). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that the areas under the ROC curve (AUC) for CRP, ESR, PC/MPV, fibrinogen, and D‐dimer were 0.892 (95% confidence interval, 0.829–0.954), 0.888 (0.829–0.947), 0.686 (0.589–0.784), 0.873 (0.803–0.943), and 0.835 (0.772–0.899), respectively. When PC/MPV > 31.70, fibrinogen >4.01 μg/mL, and D‐dimer >1.17 mg/L were set as the threshold values for the diagnosis of PJI, the sensitivity of PC/MPV in PJI diagnosis was lower than that of ESR and plasma fibrinogen. In contrast, there was no significant difference when comparing the specificity of CRP, ESR, PC/MPV, fibrinogen, and D‐dimer in PJI diagnosis.ConclusionPlasma fibrinogen is a good new auxiliary diagnostic marker for PJI.     

测定胸液中D-二聚体含量的临床意义

应用酶联免疫吸附法测定 4 5例不同原因所致胸腔积液的 D 二聚体 (D D)含量。结果示 ,结核性胸液与脓性胸液中D D含量明显高于癌性胸液 (P <0 .0 1;P <0 .0 5 ) ,且胸液中D D含量与乳酸脱氢酶含量呈正相关 (r=0 .4 168,P <0 .0 1)。结果提示 ,结核性及脓性胸液纤溶活性较恶性胸液高 ,检测胸液中D D含量可反映胸膜炎症反应的程度 ,有助于临床上对胸腔积液的鉴别。     

Formulation of a single-component kit for the preparation of technetium-99m labelled ethyl cysteinate dimer: biological and clinical evaluation

Ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) labelled with reduced technetium-99m has recently been proposed as a promising radiopharmaceutical for brain perfusion imaging. In the present study a single-component kit formulation has been developed, thus simplifying the radiolabelling procedure. A method of analysis by electrophoresis has also been developed, permitting identification of radiochemical impurities in the preparation. ^99mTc-ECD prepared by the single-component kit was further evaluated in primates and humans. The results demonstrated that the complex is stable in vivo, rapidly extracted and retained in the brain tissue for a sufficient time for single-photon emission tomography studies. Therefore the present single-component kit formulation can be proposed as a reliable instant freeze-dried kit for routine preparation of 99-Tc-ECD required for scintigraphic assessment of regional cerebral blood flow.     

D—二聚体测定在换瓣病人抗凝治疗效果评价中的意义

为探讨Ｄ－二聚体（Ｄ－Ｄ）测定在换瓣病人抗凝治疗效果评价中的意义,用一期法和ＥＬＩＳＡ快速法分别测定了６６例服用华法令的换瓣病人血浆凝血酶原时间（ｔｐ）和Ｄ－Ｄ的含量。初步结果表明：Ｄ－Ｄ与ｔｐ测定值是基本符合的;在ｔｐ测定低于正常值的６例中,Ｄ－Ｄ测定仅２例阳性;在Ｄ－Ｄ测定高于正常值（即发生血栓）的３例中,ｔｐ测定仅２例低于正常值。提示ｔｐ作为换瓣病人抗凝治疗的唯一指标似存在局限性,同时测定ｔｐ和Ｄ－Ｄ可防止临床误诊;建议对换瓣病人进行药量调整时,有必要作Ｄ－Ｄ检测