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关节假体周围感染(periprosthetic joint infection,PJI)是人工关节置换术后可能发生的一种严重并发症,其导致的严重后果,无论对于医生还是患者来说,都很难接受。目前,由于多种不确定因素的存在,PJI诊断的准确性较低。传统的血清学检查、影像学检查有一定的价值,但是易受全身情况的影响,导致特异性不高。为了正确诊断关节假体周围感染,不同学科的研究人员采用各种不同的方法进行了大量的诊断研究,并取得了丰富的成果。近年来,关节滑液炎性标志物检测、分子生物学方法等被研究证实具有较高的敏感性和特异性。因此,关节滑液CRP、-防御素、白细胞酯酶、PCR技术等被广泛研究,期望能从中找到诊断关节假体周围感染的特异性指标,提高临床诊断的准确性。 相似文献
3.
Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are gaining popularity for the delivery of drugs. A cost effective and efficient delivery device is necessary. Developing new DPIs by modifying an existing device may be the simplest way to improve the performance of the devices. The aim of this research was to produce a new DPIs using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The new DPIs took advantages of the Cyclohaler® and the Rotahaler®. We chose a combination of the capsule chamber of the Cyclohaler® and the mouthpiece and grid of the Rotahaler®. Computer-aided design models of the devices were created and evaluated using CFD. Prototype models were created and tested with the DPI dispersion experiments. The proposed model 3 device had a high turbulence with a good degree of deagglomeration in the CFD and the experiment data. The %fine particle fraction (FPF) was around 50% at 60?L/min. The mass median aerodynamic diameter was around 2.8–4?μm. The FPF were strongly correlated to the CFD-predicted turbulence and the mechanical impaction parameters. The drug retention in the capsule was only 5–7%. In summary, a simple modification of the Cyclohaler® and Rotahaler® could produce a better performing inhaler using the CFD-assisted design. 相似文献
4.
目的研究降钙素原(PCT)及乳酸水平在早期诊断颅脑术后颅内感染的意义。方法颅脑术后颅内感染患者(n=20)和非颅内感染患者(n=20)的脑脊液和血液样本,检测脑脊液和血清PCT,脑脊液和血液乳酸水平等指标并进行统计分析。结果感染组脑脊液和血清PCT、乳酸水平较非感染组显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。脑脊液PCT和乳酸水平诊断敏感性及特异性均较血清PCT和乳酸水平高。结论脑脊液PCT、乳酸在颅脑手术术后颅内感染的诊断中均有意义,其中脑脊液PCT较乳酸敏感性更高,临床应用价值更大。 相似文献
5.
目的分析贵阳地区儿童重症社区获得性肺炎支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)病原学分布及耐药特点。方法收集989例重症社区获得性肺炎患儿临床资料,将支气管肺泡灌液采用支气管镜取出进行细菌培养、病毒以及肺炎支原体(MP)检测。结果(1)989例重症社区获得性肺炎患儿病原检出阳性716例,阳性率72.40%,细菌、病毒、支原体检出率分别33.27% (329例)、22.45%(222例)、31.45%(311例)。(2)细菌感染中的肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为最为常见的革兰阳性菌株(G+);而肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌为最为常见的革兰阴性菌株(G-)。培养菌株对青霉素类、红霉素、第1、2、3代头孢类抗生素有较高的耐药性,对头孢吡肟、拉氧头孢、哌拉西林、左氧氟沙星有较高的敏感性,对亚胺培南、万古霉素、利奈唑烷均无耐药发生。(3)病毒感染检出222例,其中呼吸道合胞病毒131例,腺病毒检测49例,流感病毒6例(A型2例,B型4例),副流感病毒36例(1型3例、2型4例、3型29例),病毒检出率以0~12月龄组最高,RSV、ADV感染主要集中在冬春季节。(4)肺炎支原体检出阳性率31.45%(311例),肺炎支原体检出率以3~5岁组最高。结论贵阳地区重症肺炎中肺炎克雷伯杆菌、肺炎链球菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为重要的细菌病原。重要病毒为腺病毒和呼吸道病毒为主,1~12月龄组的病毒感染检出率比较高。 相似文献
6.
7.
《Vaccine》2020,38(39):6141-6152
Influenza vaccination is considered the most valuable means to prevent and control seasonal influenza infections, which causes various clinical symptoms, ranging from mild cough and fever to even death. Among various influenza vaccine types, the inactivated subunit type is known to provide improved safety with reduced reactogenicity. However, there are some drawbacks associated with inactivated subunit type vaccines, with the main ones being its low immunogenicity and the induction of Th2-biased immune responses. In this study, we investigated the role of a single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) derived from the intergenic region in the internal ribosome entry site of the Cricket paralysis virus as an adjuvant rather than the universal vaccine for a seasonal inactivated subunit influenza vaccine. The ssRNA adjuvant stimulated not only well-balanced cellular (indicated by IgG2a, IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α) and humoral (indicated by IgG1 and IL-4) immune responses but also a mucosal immune response (indicated by IgA), a key protector against respiratory virus infections. It also increases the HI titer, the surrogate marker of influenza vaccine efficacy. Furthermore, ssRNA adjuvant confers cross-protective immune responses against heterologous influenza virus infection while promoting enhanced viral clearance. Moreover, ssRNA adjuvant increases the number of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which can be expected to induce long-term immune responses. Therefore, this ssRNA-adjuvanted seasonal inactivated subunit influenza vaccine might be the best influenza vaccine generating robust humoral and cellular immune responses and conferring cross-protective and long-term immunity. 相似文献
8.
Johannes Brettschneider Axel Petzold Sigurd D Süssmuth Georg B Landwehrmeyer Albert C Ludolph Jan Kassubek Hayrettin Tumani 《Movement disorders》2006,21(12):2224-2227
We aimed to evaluate the potential of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) axonal damage biomarker NfH(SMI35) in the laboratory-supported differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes. Patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD; n = 22), multiple-system atrophy (MSA; n = 21), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP; n = 21), corticobasal degeneration (CBD; n = 6), and age-matched controls (n = 45) were included. CSF levels of NfH(SMI35) were measured using ELISA. Levels of CSF NfH(SMI35) were elevated in PSP compared to PD and controls (P < 0.05 each). They were also significantly higher in MSA than in PD and controls (P < 0.05 each). NfH(SMI35) differentiated PD from PSP with a sensitivity of 76.5% and a specificity of 94.4%. Axonal damage as measured by CSF NfH(SMI35) is most prominent in the more rapidly progressive syndromes PSP and MSA as compared to PD or CBD. CSF NfH(SMI35) may therefore be of some value for the laboratory-supported differential diagnosis of atypical parkinsonian syndromes. 相似文献
9.
Steven R. Jensen M.D. Dawn R. Voegeli John C. McDermott Andrew B. Crummy 《Cardiovascular and interventional radiology》1986,9(4):202-204
Eight lymphatic fluid collections were drained percutaneously. There were no immediate or late complications. Seven patients
had follow-up; 1 required surgical drainage of a residual or recurrent lymphocele, and another had reaccumulated fluid in
a lymphocele which was detected on autopsy. The remaining lymphatic collections responded to percutaneous drainage. Percutaneous
drainage is safe and can be an effective tool in the management of lymphatic collections. 相似文献
10.
刘斌 《中国神经再生研究》2009,13(34)
利用电化学方法研究医用钛合金在0.9%NaCl生理盐水,模拟人工唾液,模拟人工体液中的腐蚀情况,分析腐蚀电位和腐蚀电流密度,扫面电镜观察腐蚀表面形貌,CA-A型接触角测试仪测试钛合金表面被腐蚀后接触角的变化。实验表明:钛合金在三种生理电解液中的腐蚀情况依次是:模拟人工唾液〉模拟人工体液〉0.9%NaCl生理盐水。扫面电镜观察表明,医用钛合金在0.9% NaCl生理盐水腐蚀后,表面出现了许多腐蚀孔,经模拟人体体液腐蚀后,表面变得粗糙不平整,腐蚀孔数目变化不大,钛合金经人工唾液腐蚀后,腐蚀孔数目增多,部分腐蚀孔孔径明显增大。经三种生理电解液腐蚀后,钛合金表面接触角都减小。结论:医用钛合金在人工唾液中的腐蚀最严重,在临床应用中应给予相应的防范措施。 相似文献