Novel ROC-type method for testing the efficiency of multivariate statistical methods in fMRI.

The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) method is a useful and popular tool for testing the efficiency of various diagnostic tests applicable to functional MRI (fMRI) data. Typically, the diagnostic tests are applied on simulated and pseudo-human fMRI data, and the area under the ROC curve is used as a measure of the efficiency of the diagnostic test. The effectiveness of such a method depends on how well the simulated data approximate the real data. For multivariate statistical methods, however, this technique is usually inadequate, as the spatial dependence among voxels is ignored for simulated data. In this work a modified ROC method using real fMRI data with a broader scope is proposed. This method can be applied to most fMRI postprocessing techniques, including multivariate analyses such as canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Also, the relationship of the modified ROC method with the conventional ROC method is discussed in detail.     

放疗诱导宫颈癌细胞中经典Wnt通路的表达情况及顺铂耐药性研究

目的:研究放疗诱导后的耐放疗宫颈癌Hela、Siha细胞系顺铂耐药情况及经典Wnt通路相关分子在其化疗耐受中的作用。方法:分割剂量多次照射诱导宫颈癌细胞并成功建立耐放疗细胞系,将细胞分为R0组(空白对照)、R1组(分割剂量4GY,照射6次)和R2组(分割剂量6GY,照射4次)。CCK8法进行耐药实验,Real-time PCR及Western blot法检测Wnt/β-catenin通路及耐药分子表达情况。结果:Hela R0、R1、R2顺铂IC50分别为3.86、6.65μmol/L和6.53μmol/L,Siha R0、Siha R1、Siha R2顺铂IC50分别为4.79、7.25μmol/L和7.98μmol/L;与R0组相比,其他两组的IC50显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。放疗诱导宫颈癌Hela、Siha细胞中经典Wnt通路分子在基因与蛋白水平受到激活,其下游基因C-Myc、Cyclin D1表达增多,放疗诱导Hela细胞中耐药蛋白ABCB1、ABCG2表达升高,而放疗诱导Siha细胞中上述耐药蛋白变化无统计学差异。结论:经典Wnt通路可能是放疗诱导宫颈癌细胞化疗耐受性获得的重要机制,这为复发性宫颈癌患者提供了潜在治疗靶点。     

Local conformal autoencoder for standardized data coordinates

We propose a local conformal autoencoder (LOCA) for standardized data coordinates. LOCA is a deep learning-based method for obtaining standardized data coordinates from scientific measurements. Data observations are modeled as samples from an unknown, nonlinear deformation of an underlying Riemannian manifold, which is parametrized by a few normalized, latent variables. We assume a repeated measurement sampling strategy, common in scientific measurements, and present a method for learning an embedding in Rd that is isometric to the latent variables of the manifold. The coordinates recovered by our method are invariant to diffeomorphisms of the manifold, making it possible to match between different instrumental observations of the same phenomenon. Our embedding is obtained using LOCA, which is an algorithm that learns to rectify deformations by using a local z-scoring procedure, while preserving relevant geometric information. We demonstrate the isometric embedding properties of LOCA in various model settings and observe that it exhibits promising interpolation and extrapolation capabilities, superior to the current state of the art. Finally, we demonstrate LOCA’s efficacy in single-site Wi-Fi localization data and for the reconstruction of three-dimensional curved surfaces from two-dimensional projections.     

阻断经典Wnt通路对棕色脂肪干细胞向起搏样细胞分化的作用

目的:研究阻断经典Wnt通路对棕色脂肪干细胞向起搏样细胞分化的影响。方法:在诱导棕色脂肪干细胞向起搏特性诱导的过程中,培养基中加入经典Wnt通路阻断剂Dkk-1培养10 d。相差显微镜观察诱导组细胞的形态学变化、应用real-time PCR检测其中起搏细胞发育相关结构基因的表达情况,免疫荧光显色普通光镜和激光共聚焦显微镜观察起搏特征分子的蛋白表达。结果:分化后的棕色脂肪干细胞具有起搏细胞特性,经Dkk-1诱导后,棕色脂肪干细胞向起搏样细胞的转化率明显提高,起搏细胞发育相关基因和蛋白表达明显上调。结论:阻断经典Wnt通路可促进棕色脂肪干细胞向起搏样细胞的分化。     

经典瞬时受体电位通道1在大鼠牙胚发育过程中的表达

目的研究经典瞬时受体电位通道1(TRPC1)在大鼠牙胚发育过程中的表达并探讨其意义。方法 制备大鼠牙胚发育各阶段(蕾状期E14.5、帽状期E16.5、钟状期E18.5、钟状晚期P1及牙根形成期P7)标本,进行TRPC1的免疫组化研究。结果 TRPC1在牙胚发育过程中呈动态时空表达。在蕾状期增厚的牙板上皮,帽状期和钟状早期的内釉上皮和外釉上皮,钟状晚期的成釉细胞和前成牙本质细胞及牙根形成期的成牙本质细胞和成釉细胞均可见阳性信号表达,且呈增强趋势。结论 TRPC1可能是一种新的参与调控牙胚细胞的增殖分化和牙齿发育矿化的跨膜信号转导分子。     

Canonical transient receptor potential channel subtype 3‐mediated hair cell Ca2+ entry regulates sound transduction and auditory neurotransmission

The physiological significance of canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) ion channels in sensory systems is rapidly emerging. Heterologous expression studies show that TRPC3 is a significant Ca²⁺ entry pathway, with dual activation via G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR)–phospholipase C–diacylglycerol second messenger signaling, and through negative feedback, whereby a fall in cytosolic Ca²⁺ releases Ca²⁺–calmodulin channel block. We hypothesised that the latter process contributes to cochlear hair cell cytosolic Ca²⁺ homeostasis. Confocal microfluorimetry with the Ca²⁺ indicator Fluo‐4 acetoxymethylester showed that, when cytosolic Ca²⁺ was depleted, Ca²⁺ re‐entry was significantly impaired in mature TRPC3^?/? inner and outer hair cells. The impact of this disrupted Ca²⁺ homeostasis on sound transduction was assessed with the use of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), which constitute a direct measure of the outer hair cell transduction that underlies hearing sensitivity and frequency selectivity. TRPC3^?/? mice showed significantly stronger DPOAE (2f₁ ? f₂) growth functions than wild‐type (WT) littermates within the frequency range of best hearing acuity. This translated to hyperacusis (decreased threshold) measured by the auditory brainstem response (ABR). TRPC3^?/? and WT mice did not differ in the levels of temporary and permanent threshold shift arising from noise exposure, indicating that potential GPCR signaling via TRPC3 is not pronounced. Overall, these data suggest that the Ca²⁺ set‐point in the hair cell, and hence membrane conductance, is modulated by TRPC3s through their function as a negative feedback‐regulated Ca²⁺ entry pathway. This TPRC3‐regulated Ca²⁺ homeostasis shapes the sound transduction input–output function and auditory neurotransmission.