The Using of Concrete Wash Water from Ready Mixed Concrete Plants in Cement Systems

Concrete plants accumulate large amounts of concrete wash water. This water, which pH is highly alkaline, has a negative impact on the environment. Its reuse in fresh concrete slightly reduces its mechanical properties. The combination of concrete wash water and zeolitic by-product led to an increase of 4.6% in the compressive strength at 7 days hydration and up to 30% at 28 days hydration. The same combination led to the denser microstructure compared to the samples made with concrete wash water. This could be explained by the pozzolanic reaction of the zeolitic by-product. The complex chemical reactions of cement, zeolitic by-product, and fines presented in the concrete wash water occurred. Therefore, it was suggested the reusing method of concrete wash water together with zeolitic by-product in the fresh concrete mixtures by substituting some amount of tap water with concrete wash water. In this way, the consumption of tap water is possible to reduce in cement systems.     

溴酸盐的遗传毒性

目的 探讨臭氧消毒饮用水副产物溴酸盐的遗传毒性。方法 采用Ames试验、UDS试验和微核试验，从基因水平、DNA水平和染色体水平对臭氧消毒副产物溴酸盐的遗传毒性进行研究。结果与阴性对照组相比，副产物溴酸盐不能使组氨酸缺陷型鼠伤寒沙门菌回复突变增加，但可使大鼠肝细胞程序外DNA合成增加和小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核形成率增加。结论 臭氧消毒副产物溴酸盐可能具有DNA及染色体水平的遗传毒性。     

米非司酮衍生物制备中格氏反应副产物的结构鉴定

目的确定米非司酮衍生物制备过程中格氏反应一步的副产物的结构,并分析反应机理.方法通过一维及二维光谱分析和元素分析确定副产物的结构. 结果证实了副产物是11,17位双加成的格氏反应的产物. 结论这是首次对此步副产物用光谱进行C,H的详细归属.     

By-product of Lavandula latifolia essential oil distillation as source of antioxidants

The objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of Lavandula latifolia waste obtained after essential oil distillation. Samples of 12 wild populations of the Lavandula genus collected between 2009 and 2010 were hydrodistilled and their by-products were analyzed using the Folin–Ciocalteu, free radical scavenging activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. Rosmarinic acid, apigenin, and luteolin contents were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection. The mean of total phenolic content ranged from 1.89 ± 0.09 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight to 3.54 ± 0.22 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight. The average value of the half maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) for scavenging activity ranged from 5.09 ± 0.17 mg/mL to 14.30 ± 1.90 mg/mL and the variability of the EC₅₀ in FRAP ranged from 3.72 ± 0.12 mg/mL to 18.55 ± 0.77 mg/mL. Annual variation was found among this samples and the environmental conditions of 2009 were found to be more favorable. The plants collected from Sedano showed the highest antioxidant power. Our results show that rosmarinic acid and apigenin in L. latifolia contributed to the antioxidant properties of the waste. In conclusion, the by-product of the distillation industry could be valorizing as a source of natural antioxidants.     

Lack of Teratogenicity of 3-Chloro-4-(Dichloromethyl)-5-Hydroxy-2 (5H)-Furanone (MX) in Embryonic Mouse Palate Culture in vitro

3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5 H )-furanone (MX) is known as a by-product of wood pulp manufacture and a contaminant of chlorinated drinking water. Since our previous studies (Teramoto et al., 1998, 1999) demonstrated in a micromass in vitro test a strong inhibitory effect of MX on rat embryo cell differentiation, the potential teratogenicity was investigated in this study by using a suspension organ culture system. Twelve-day mouse embryo palatal explants were cultivated for 72 hr in the MX-containing medium at a concentration of 0, 1, 10, 100 or 300 μg/ml and examined for closure of the palatal shelves. All control explants showed almost complete closure of the palatal shelves. Similar results were also obtained in the MX-treated explants at concentrations up to and including 100 μg/ml. Immunohistochemistry revealed no difference between the control and MX-treated explants in distribution of PCNA-and TUNEL-positive cells in the palatal mesenchyme and medial edge epithelium, respectively. When the MX concentration was raised to 300 μg/ml, palatal shelves remained wide open. However, histopathology revealed extensive pyknosis of the mesenchymal cells and loss of the epithelium. These results may indicate that MX is cytotoxic against the mouse palate at a high concentration, and that it has no cleft-palate inducing effects in mice.     

Utilization of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole in mixed anhydride coupling reactions

The coupling of Boc-Val-OH to either H-Pro-OBzl or H-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly-OBzl by the mixed anhydride method leads to the formation of a urethane by-product in yields of 40–60%. This side reaction can be suppressed by the addition of HOBt to the reaction mixture before the amino component is added. This results in a substantially increased yield of the desired peptide.     

Olive oil enriched in lycopene from tomato by-product through a co-milling process

Abstract

The aim of this investigation was to produce an olive oil (OO) naturally enriched with antioxidants, recovering carotenoids, in particular lycopene, using an industrial by-product of tomato seeds and skin. For this purpose, a technological process in a low-scale industrial plant to co-mill olives and tomato by-product in de-frosted or freeze-dried forms was applied and studied with respect to control samples. Preliminary results obtained from two different experiments were carried out by 40?kg of cultivar Correggiolo olives and 60?kg of olive blends from different cultivars. In both the experiments, the co-milling showed significant enrichment in carotenoids, especially in lycopene (mean values of 5.4 and 7.2?mg/kg oil from defrosted and freeze-dried by-products, respectively). The experimental results demonstrated the possibility to obtain a new functional food naturally enriched in antioxidant compounds, which might be marketed as “OO dressing enriched in lycopene” or “condiment produced using olives and tomato by-product”.     

梯度洗脱HPLC法测定盐酸克林霉素棕榈酸酯及制剂的有关物质

目的:建立梯度洗脱HPLC法测定盐酸克林霉素棕榈酸酯原料药、分散片、颗粒及干混悬剂的有关物质。方法:采用Agilent ZORBAX XDB-C8(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm)柱,流动相A为5 mmol·L-1醋酸铵溶液-乙腈(50∶50),流动相B为乙腈,流速为1.0 mL·min-1,线性梯度洗脱,检测波长为230 nm。结果:盐酸克林霉素棕榈酸酯与10种中间体、副产物完全分离。重复性RSD为2.9%,检测限为10μg·mL-1。结论:方法简便、灵敏、重复性好,可用于本品的质量控制。     

3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) as a Direct-Acting Teratogen in Micromass in vitro Tests

3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2( 5H )-furanone (MX) causes complete inhibition of rat embryonic midbrain (CNS) cell differentiation in the micromass in vitro test when applied at a concentration of 5 μ g/ml under conditions where MX is rapidly degraded in culture medium with a half-life of 56 min. This study investigated whether or not degradation products of MX have inhibitory effects on CNS cell differentiation following pre-incubation of MX in culture medium for 0.5, 1 or 2 hr. When MX was pre-incubated for 0.5 hr, the mean number of differentiated foci was 0.2 against 62.5 for the control. However, the number increased to 44.7 when pre-incubation time was extended to 2 hr. These results suggest that MX, but not its degradation products, is a teratogen in vitro. MX manifested almost complete inhibitory effects on CNS cell differentiation by 0.5 hr of exposure.