Investigation of hearing loss in patients with acute brucellosis by standard and high-frequency audiometry

This study aimed to determine the effect of acute brucellosis on the auditory system. Forty-two patients with acute brucellosis were evaluated clinically, and with serological and audiological tests, before and after treatment. Hearing threshold averages were calculated at 11 different frequencies (250-8000 Hz) of the auditory airway, and statistical analysis was performed. The average hearing thresholds were > 20 dB, with standard audiometry at 6000-8000 Hz, and < 20 dB at all other frequencies. After treatment, the average auditory threshold decreased to < 20 dB at 6000-8000 Hz (p < 0.0001). Pure-tone hearing thresholds were improved at all frequencies after treatment, with statistically significant differences at all frequencies except 12,000, 14,000 and 16 000 Hz (p < 0.05). There was no permanent hearing loss caused by acute brucellosis, and hearing thresholds were restored after treatment. It was concluded that acute brucellosis affects the auditory system, especially at high frequencies, and that patients with all forms of brucellosis should be evaluated for hearing loss.     

北京市平谷区65例布鲁氏菌病患者临床特征分析

目的　通过对北京市平谷区65例布鲁氏菌病患者流行病学调查,了解本区布鲁氏菌病疫情动态及患者临床特征,为疫情防控提供参考依据。方法　选取2015 年1月—2019年12月北京市平谷区医院收治的65例布鲁氏菌病患者作为研究对象,对发病时间、发病区域、年龄与性别构成、初步诊断、临床表现、病原学检查及诊治等情况进行统计与分析。结果　患者年龄主要集中在18～59岁,性别比为4.42∶1;以畜牧饲养者居多,约占64.62%,有明确动物或动物制品接触史63例,占96.92%,均为散发,无明显聚集性;全年中以4—6月发病率最高,占发病总数的53.85%;临床症状以发热（52例,80.00%）、乏力（34例,52.31%）、腰痛（26例,40.00%）为主;其中并发症发生率为47.69%,排名较高的前3位分别是脊柱炎、关节炎、腰椎病变。65例患者首诊确诊49例,误诊16例,误诊率为24.62%。病原学检查结果显示,试管凝集试验阳性35例,虎红平板凝集试验阳性30例。结论　布鲁氏菌病高发季节为4—6月,男性患病率明显高于女性,且从事畜牧业及相关产业人员为主要发病人群,以散发为主;布鲁氏菌病首诊误诊率较高,临床医师应提高对该传染病的关注,不断加强疫情防控。     

Transmission of Brucellosis from Elk to Cattle and Bison,Greater Yellowstone Area,USA, 2002–2012

Bovine brucellosis has been nearly eliminated from livestock in the United States. Bison and elk in the Greater Yellowstone Area remain reservoirs for the disease. During 1990–2002, no known cases occurred in Greater Yellowstone Area livestock. Since then, 17 transmission events from wildlife to livestock have been investigated.     

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in goats and sheep in Thailand: Results from the Thai National Brucellosis Surveillance System from 2013 to 2015

In Thailand, brucellosis re‐emerged in humans in 2003 and is considered a public health risk to goat farmers as the disease is endemic in small ruminants. The Thai Department of Livestock Development (DLD ) established a nationwide surveillance system for brucellosis in goats and sheep in 1997. Using data from this surveillance system, we describe the seroprevalence of brucellosis from 2013 to 2015 in small ruminants and the spatial distribution of the disease throughout Thailand. Surveillance data collected included the number of animals and herds tested, the province of the animal and herd and the laboratory results. Seroprevalence was estimated at both the animal and herd levels. During the 3‐year period, 443,561 goats and sheep were tested for brucellosis by the DLD throughout Thailand using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT ) and the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay test for Brucella . Among the 3 years, 2013 had the highest proportion of herds that tested positive for brucellosis at 13.80% (95% CI, 12.52, 15.16). Overall, this study found that brucellosis seroprevalence in small ruminants is decreasing throughout Thailand. However, there is variability in the spread of the disease with provinces in the eastern and western regions of Thailand having higher proportions of animals and herds testing positive. Overall provinces in the south had the lowest proportion of animals and herds testing positive for brucellosis. Periodic review of surveillance data documents the impact of the current brucellosis control programme and supports a targeted response in higher prevalence regions when there are limited financial resources for control measures.     

吉林省西部牧区养羊户布鲁杆菌病感染现况调查

目的: 了解吉林省西部牧区养羊户家庭布鲁杆菌病(布病)感染及养殖现状,分析布病感染的影响因素,为控制布病在养羊户家庭中蔓延提供依据。方法: 采用多阶段抽样的方法,在吉林省西部牧区布病高发地区前郭尔罗斯蒙古族自治县抽取2个乡镇,在每个乡镇各抽取1/2的村屯,对所抽取村屯的全部养羊户家庭户主进行调查。采用面对面访谈方式收集养羊户家庭布病感染相关信息,问卷内容包括养羊户家庭一般情况、养殖情况和布病感染情况3个部分。遵循知情同意原则,采集调查家庭全部成员全血各5 mL,布病血清学诊断采用试管凝集试验(SAT)进行。分析养羊户家庭养殖情况、布病感染现状及其影响因素。结果: 共收集149份养羊户家庭问卷,82个家庭存在布病感染者,感染率为55.03%(82/149)。羊群养殖年限的长短和新购羊只是否进行检疫是影响家庭成员布病感染的独立危险因素。养殖年限≥10年且 < 15年的家庭成员布病感染风险是养殖年限<1年家庭的3.978倍(OR=3.978,95%CI: 0.005 ~ 15.746),养殖年限≥20年的家庭成员布病感染风险是养殖年限 < 1年家庭的10.531倍(OR=10.531,95%CI: 2.363 ~ 46.940);新购羊未全部检疫的家庭成员布病感染风险是全部检疫家庭的2.848倍(OR=2.848,95%CI: 1.289 ~ 6.295)。尚未发现家庭人均年收入、养殖年限、规模、品种和与布病感染之间存在统计学关联。结论: 吉林省西部牧区养羊户家庭布病感染率较高,羊群不检疫、不免疫和混合放养等危险行为仍然存在,提示养羊户家庭成员布病感染现象严重,对于正确预防布病的认识不足,应强化养羊户家庭成员的布病感染健康教育。     

自贡市2016-2021年布鲁氏菌病暴发疫情特征分析

目的 分析自贡市2016-2021年布鲁氏菌病暴发疫情特点,为非牧区布病聚集性疫情控制提供依据。方法 对2016-2021年自贡市布鲁氏菌病暴发进行现场调查,筛查重点及高危人群和涉及牲畜,分析疫情发生原因及特点,采取相应控制措施。结果 2016-2021年共报告4起布鲁氏菌病本地暴发疫情,涉及20例患者。病例共同暴露者筛查阳性率14.67%(11/76),畜间血清学筛查阳性率16.67%(19/114);MLVA分析显示分离到菌株与北京、宁夏分离菌株同源性为90.6%。结论 2016-2021年自贡布病疫情传染源均为病羊,食用未煮熟羊肉、私下引种(交易)山羊及无防护屠宰加工是引起布鲁氏菌病暴发的主要原因,应强化国内重点地区牲畜引种、畜产品交易的检疫力度,加强对职业人群的监测工作,开展重点人群的知识宣传。     

一起生饮羊奶引起的布鲁氏病暴发疫情调查

目的 调查处置一起由食用新鲜“羊初乳”导致的布鲁氏菌病(布病)暴发疫情,为科学开展食源性布病疫情的预防控制提供依据。方法 采用布病个案调查表,对医院报告病例开展流行病学调查,再根据调查线索通过“滚雪球”的方式进行可疑病例搜索调查和实验室采样检测,运用描述性流行病学方法对资料进行分析。结果 本起疫情共确诊6例布病病例,均为同一日在某乳制品公司现场饮用新鲜“羊初乳”的同一参观团人员,罹患率高达50.00%(6/12)。结论 综合病例临床表现、流行病学调查以及实验室检测结果,确定本起疫情为布病暴发疫情,引起原因为生饮未经消毒的羊奶。疫情提示牛、羊等奶制品需加强监管,降低布病发病风险。     

乌鲁木齐县奶牛布鲁氏菌病流行病学调查

了解并掌握2018年乌鲁木齐县奶牛布鲁氏菌病的发病流行情况,为制定布鲁氏菌病的防控策略提供数据依据。采用虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验对随机抽取的1 203份奶牛血样进行布鲁氏菌病检测用SPSS软件进行数据分析。阳性样品56份,阳性率为4.7%,其中牧业村、农业村和半农半牧村的平均阳性率分别为5.5%、2.7%和2.8%。经t检验,2016年、2017年、2018年的总体阳性率差异显著(P <0.05)。通过调查应加强乌鲁木齐县养殖户布病防控意识,增加布病检疫次数,改善奶牛饲养方式,由放牧饲养转变为舍饲饲养,建立养殖合作社,同时建立免疫档案,加强牲畜流通管理。