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1.
Jeffrey Buenaflor Parker Sommerville Hang Qian Christine Luscombe 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》2020,221(2)
A comparative study involving bimetallic nickel catalysts designed from disubstituted N,N,N′,N′‐tetra(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)benzene diamine bridging ligands is reported. Catalyst behavior is explored in the Kumada catalyst‐transfer polymerization (KCTP) using poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the model system. The success of a controlled polymerization is monitored by analyzing monomer conversion, degree of polymerization, end‐group identity, and molecular weight distribution. The characterization of P3HT obtained from KCTP initiated with the bimetallic catalysts shows chain‐growth behavior; however, the presence of Br/Br end‐groups and broader molecular weight distribution reveals a reduced controlled polymerization compared to the commonly employed Ni(dppp)Cl2. The observed increase in intermolecular chain transfer and termination processes in KCTP initiation with the bimetallic catalysts can be attributed to a weaker Ni(0)‐π‐aryl complex interaction, which is caused by increased steric crowding of the coordination sphere. 相似文献
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《International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery》2020,49(7):914-931
Titanium osteosynthesis is currently the fixation system of choice in maxillofacial traumatology. Biodegradable osteosynthesis systems have the ability to degrade in the human body. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review, with meta- and trial sequential analyses, to assess the efficacy and morbidity of biodegradable versus titanium osteosynthesis after maxillofacial trauma. MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched for randomized controlled trials and prospective and retrospective controlled studies. Five time periods were studied: perioperative, short-term (0–4 weeks), intermediate (6–12 weeks), long-term (>12 weeks), and overall follow-up. After screening 3542 records, 24 were included. All had a high risk of performance and detection bias due to the nature of the interventions. Meta-analysis showed no differences in efficacy or morbidity between biodegradable and titanium osteosynthesis. The risk of perioperative screw breakage was significantly higher (risk ratio 17.13, 95% confidence interval 2.19–34.18) and the symptomatic plate removal rate lower in the biodegradable group (risk ratio 0.11, 95% confidence interval 0.02–0.57), which was confirmed by the trial sequential analysis. The quality of evidence ranged from very low to moderate. Based on the narrative review and meta-analyses, current evidence shows that biodegradable osteosynthesis is a viable alternative to titanium osteosynthesis when applied in the treatment of maxillofacial trauma, with similar efficacy but significantly lower symptomatic plate removal rates. Perioperative screw breakage occurred significantly more often in the biodegradable group compared to the titanium group. 相似文献
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Color Stability of Dry Earth Pigmented Maxillofacial Silicone A-2186 Subjected to Microwave Energy Exposure 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sudarat Kiat-amnuay DDS MS ; Dennis A. Johnston PhD ; John M. Powers PhD ; Rhonda F. Jacob DDS MS 《Journal of prosthodontics》2005,14(2):91-96
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to measure spectrophotometrically the color stability of pigmented A-2186 silicone maxillofacial elastomer with 10% by volume of titanium white dry earth opacifier before and after exposure to microwave energy over a simulated 1.5-year period of microwave sterilization. Materials AND METHODS: A-2186 silicone elastomer opacified with titanium white dry earth pigment, pigmented with 5 cosmetic dry earth pigment colors [no pigment (control) group (Pc), red (Pr), yellow ochre (Py), burnt sienna (Po), and a mixture of Pr + Py + Po color group (P3)], was used in this study. Each of the 5 experimental groups consisted of 5 specimens. All specimens were placed in a 250 ml glass beaker filled with 150 ml of water (replenished for each microwave exposure). An exposure of 6 minutes was used 18 times (simulating 1.5 years of microwave sterilization with one 6 minute exposure monthly). Reflectance values were measured by spectrophotometer. Three- and two-way analyses of variance with repeated measures were performed for the color difference (DeltaE*) with the factors of group/color/months, and group/months, respectively. Means were compared by Tukey Honest Significant Difference (HSD) multiple range test calculated at the 0.05 level of significance using SPSS. RESULTS: The trained human eye can detect color changes (DeltaE*) greater than 1.0. Most DeltaE* values of the red pigment group at all intervals and the mixed pigment group at 15- and 18- month intervals increased significantly greater than 1.0 (p < 0.001) compared with the control group. Yellow and burnt sienna groups remained the most color stable over time with DeltaE* values below 0.35. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of color stability of red dry earth pigmented A-2186 silicone maxillofacial elastomers was clinically significant after 12-month exposure to microwave energy as compared with yellow, burnt sienna, and opacified A-2186 dry earth pigments. 相似文献
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以ESR、UV和IR表征Cu(2+)离子与PVAC的配位反应。根据CUCl2·2H2O乙醇溶液与PVAc-CuCl2·2H2O乙醇溶液的电导率差值随Cu(2+)离子摩尔浓度变化的明显转析点得知,1个Cu(2+)离子大约能与PVAc4个链节单元配位。证实MMA在Cu(Ⅱ)-PVAc配合物/Na2SO3体系的聚合体是无规PMMA,得率为70%。讨论了MMA在Cu(Ⅱ)-PVAc配合物/Na2SO3体系络合催化引发下的游离基反应历程。 相似文献
9.
Purpose. To obtained rate constants from weight-averaged (Mw) or z-averaged (Mz) molecular weights for polymers of Schule-Flory distribution and undergoing random scission. These constants were compared with those obtained by parallel 1HNMR studies.
Methods. The hydrolysis of two poly(ortho ester)s were followed by 1HNMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
Results. Equations to convert number-averaged (Mn), Mw and Mz into fraction of backbone remaining (fc) were derived. First-order hydrolytic rate constants of two poly(ortho ester)s; DETOSU-HD and DETOSU-CDM were calculated using these relationships. The rate constants calculated from 1HNMR, Mz and Mw were 0.215, 0.218 and 0.182 hr–1, respectively, for DETOSU-CDM and 0.152, 0.086 and 0.038 hr–l for DETOSU-HD. The large discrepancy in the rates determined by 1HNMR and GPC in the latter case was attributed to that the detector response (refractive index) of the monomers was lower than that of the high molecular weight polymer. The difference is small in the case of DETOSU-CDM, and the rates calculated from GPC data were comparable or nearly identical to that obtained from 1HNMR data.
Conclusions. Although GPC can yield rapid and valuable kinetic data for the degradation of biodegradable polymers, the system, however, must be carefully calibrated to account for the variations in Mark-Houwink coefficients and in the response of the mass detector between the high and low MW polymers. 相似文献
10.
以2,4-二异氰酸甲苯酯(2,4—TDI)、胆甾醇、丙烯酸β-羟丙酯为原料,合成了含胆甾醇介品基团的侧链液晶高分子、并用NMR、IR和元素分析方法对其结构进行了鉴定。聚合物的相转变温度和形态织构用DSC、X-射线衍射和偏光显微镜进行了测定和观察。 相似文献