复合膳食纤维对大鼠体内脂质过氧化作用的影响

制备复合膳食纤维 (dietaryfiber,DF) ,并分别探讨复合、混合及三种单一的DF对高脂血症大鼠体内脂质过氧化作用的影响。选健康、断乳Wistar大鼠 6 4只 ,按体重随机分为 8组 ,用高脂饲料诱发高脂血症的同时 ,分别添加 10 %的DF :纤维素 (B组 )、果胶 (C组 )、海藻酸钠 (D组 )、纤维素 -果胶复合物 (E组 )、纤维素 -海藻酸钠复合物 (F组 )、纤维素 -果胶混合物 (G组 )、纤维素 -海藻酸钠混合物 (H组 ) ,以单纯的高脂饲料组为对照组 (A组 ) ,观察各种DF对大鼠的生长发育及脂质过氧化作用的影响。结果显示 :1、添加 10 %的各种DF不影响大鼠的生长发育。 2、各种DF皆可显著升高血清超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) (P <0 0 1)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)活性 (P <0 0 1) ,降低丙二醛 (MDA)水平 (P <0 0 5 ,B、D组除外 ) ,提高红细胞膜的流动性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,以复合物、混合物效果为明显。 3、各种DF可不同程度地增加粪重和粪脂排出量 (P <0 0 5 ,D组除外 ) ,以复合物、混合物为明显。提示各种DF皆可不同程度地降低大鼠体内脂质过氧化作用 ,提高红细胞膜的流动性 ,其中可溶性DF效果优于不可溶性DF ,而复合、混合DF的效果又优于单一的DF ,且以复合物效果为佳     

组织工程化口腔粘膜的构建技术初步研究

目的　探索组织工程化口腔粘膜的构建方法。方法　用 Dispase中性蛋白酶分离提取未长毛的 SD乳鼠硬腭口腔粘膜细胞 ,用角化细胞培养液对口腔粘膜细胞进行培养 ,以自制藻酸钠薄膜作为支架材料构建组织工程化的口腔粘膜。结果　 Dispase中性蛋白酶可较好地分离提纯口腔粘膜细胞 ,用 Dispase消化酶分离获取上皮后 ,再用胰蛋白酶消化上皮为单细胞的最佳时间为 10 m in,过低的细胞密度不易形成克隆 ,鼠口腔粘膜细胞培养的最适密度为 1.5× 10 5/ cm2 。角化细胞培养液能对鼠口腔粘膜细胞进行培养 ,且没有成纤维细胞污染 ;口腔粘膜细胞在藻酸钠薄膜上生长良好。结论　利用角化细胞培养液作为培养基 ,藻酸钠薄膜作为支架材料可成功构建组织工程化口腔粘膜     

A composite poly-hydroxybutyrate-glial growth factor conduit for long nerve gap repairs

There is considerable evidence that peripheral nerves have the potential to regenerate in an appropriate microenvironment. We have developed a novel artificial nerve guide composed of poly 3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) filled with glial growth factor (GGF) suspended in alginate hydrogel. Gaps of 2-4 cm in rabbit common peroneal nerve were bridged using a PHB conduit containing either GGF in alginate hydrogel (GGF) or alginate alone (Alginate), or with an empty PHB conduit (Empty). Tissues were harvested 21, 42 and 63 days post-operatively. Schwann cell and axonal regeneration were assessed using quantitative immunohistochemistry. At 21 days, addition of GGF increased significantly the distance of axonal and Schwann cells regeneration in comparison with that observed in Alginate and Empty conduits for both gap lengths. The axons bridged the 2-cm GGF conduits gap by 63 days, with a comparable rate of regeneration seen in 4-cm conduits. Schwann cells and axonal regeneration quantity was similar for both gap lengths in each group. However, at all time points the quantity of axonal and Schwann cells regeneration in GGF grafts was significantly greater than in both Alginate and Empty conduits, the latter showing better regeneration than Alginate conduits. The results indicate an inhibitory effect of alginate on regeneration, which is partially reversed by the addition of GGF to the conduits. In conclusion, GGF stimulates a progressive and sustainable regeneration increase in long nerve gap conduits.     

Influence of macrolides on mucoid alginate biosynthetic enzyme from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Objective: The long-term administration of erythromycin (EM), clarithromycin (CAM) or azithromycin (AZM) has generally resulted in a favorable outcome for patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) infected with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To elucidate the mechanism involved, the influence of macrolides on mucoid alginate production by P. aeruginosa was investigated in vitro.
Methods: The macrolides used in this study were EM with a 14-membered ring, AZM with a 15-membered ring, midecamycin (MDM) with a 16-membered ring, and CP-4305, which has had mycarose removed from MDM, The effects of macrolides on mucoid P. aeruginosa were investigated by quantitative assay of alginate production and inhibition of guanosine diphospho-D-mannose dehydrogenase activity.
Results: After incubation with EM, AZM and CP-4305, the structural material of P. aeruginosa biofilm was distorted, and the enzymatic activity of GDP-D-mannose dehydrogenase, the most important enzyme in mucoid alginate biosynthesis, was inhibited. However, these effects were not observed with the 16-membered macrolide MDM.
Conclusions: The basic mechanism of clinical efficacy seen characteristically in 14- or 15-membered macrolides for patients with airway biofilm disease depends on the ability of such macrolides to inhibit alginate production by P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, this suggests that the inhibitory effect observed with 14-, 15- and 16-membered macrolides may depend on the sugar chain connected with the macrolide ring.     

免疫磁性海藻酸钠载药纳米微球的制备与评价

靶向治疗系统是目前研究的热点,用微乳化-离子交联方法制备包覆阿霉素的碳包铁/海藻酸钠复合纳米微球,以水溶性碳二亚胺为交联剂,将载药微球与单抗Hab18连接,制备出了免疫磁性药物纳米微球.对该免疫磁性微球的理化性能进行了表征,同时检测了免疫磁性微球中抗体的活性和免疫磁性微球与靶细胞的体外结合情况,结果表明,免疫磁性药物纳米微球平均粒径约为171.2nm,外观为球型,铁含量为14.6%,载药量为10.8%,且具有强磁响应性和长时间药物缓释效果.同时在体外该微球能够与靶细胞特异性结合.这种免疫磁性药物纳米微球有望成为一种优良的靶向肿瘤药物载体.     

海藻酸钙/枸杞多糖凝胶微球对小鼠骨质疏松的作用研究

目的研究海藻酸钙(ALG-Ca)/枸杞多糖(LBPs)凝胶微球对小鼠骨质疏松的作用。方法采用静电液滴法制备ALG-Ca凝胶微球、ALG-Ca/LBPs凝胶微球,用扫描电镜观察微球结构。建立去卵巢小鼠骨质疏松模型,随机分为假手术组、模型组、单纯ALG-Ca微球组、单纯LBPs组、ALG-Ca/LBPs凝胶微球组,每组8只,每日灌胃1次,干预时间为12周,对各组小鼠股骨行HE染色观察骨组织形态变化,Micro-CT检测并经三维重建获得骨组织微观结构,对小鼠血清骨钙素(BGP)、血清碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、1型胶原羧基末端肽(CTX-1)进行检测。结果扫描电镜观察示凝胶微球呈均匀一致的微球形结构;OVX+LBPs、OVX+ALG-Ca/LBPs组的BGP、BALP、CTX-1均低于OVX+PBS组(P<0.05);OVX+LBPs、OVX+ALG-Ca/LBPs组骨体积分数(BV/TV)、骨小梁数目(Tb.N)及骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)均高于OVX+PBS组(P<0.05),骨小梁间隙(Tb.Sp)小于OVX+PBS组(P<0.05),以OVX+ALG-Ca/LBPs组为最佳(P<0.01)。结论ALG-Ca凝胶微球是LBPs治疗骨质疏松的良好药物缓释载体;LBPs为天然植物成分,通过LBPs/ALG-Ca凝胶微球可以改善骨质疏松小鼠的骨代谢及骨微结构。     

Production of 5–15 µm Diameter Alginate-Polylysine Microcapsules by an Air-Atomization Technique

A novel method of preparing small-sized microcapsules using a Turbotak air-atomizer is reported. Alginate-polylysine microcapsules containing Bacillus Calmette Guérin vaccine have been prepared by an adaptation of the method of Lim (1) which allows the manufacture of small-sized microcapsules. A Turbotak is used to spray sodium alginate solution into calcium chloride solution to form temporary calcium alginate microgel capsules. These temporary microgel droplets are subsequently cross-linked with polylysine to form permanent membranes. Microcapules in the size range of 5–15 µm have been produced which can be compared to an average diameter of 300 µm obtained by the method reported by Lim. The microcapsule size is dependent on the conditions of operation of the Turbotak and the concentration of the sodium alginate solution. Particles within the size range 5–15 µm can be reproducibly manufactured using the conditions of operation reported here. Other size ranges below the minimum of 300 µm reported by Lim are also feasible using this technique.     

海藻酸钙凝胶微球的制备和pH依赖性溶胀

利用海藻酸钠溶液与氯化钙溶液发生胶凝反应，本文用滴制的方法制备了海藻酸钙凝胶微球，并对制备的处方和工艺进行了探讨，同时考察了海藻酸钙凝胶微球的特征和溶胀特性。干燥的凝胶微球在不同pH的水性介质中溶胀特性不同。海藻酸钙凝胶微球的这种溶胀的pH敏感性，使其能成为口服药物缓释制剂的载体。     

小鼠口服多糖包覆胰岛素脂质体的降血糖作用小鼠口服多糖包覆胰岛素脂质体的降血糖作用

目的 研究壳聚糖和海藻酸钠两种多糖包覆胰岛素脂质体的小鼠po降血糖作用。方法 用逆相蒸发法制备胰岛素脂质体;用透射电镜和激光粒度仪测定它们的形态和粒径;用HPLC法和超速离心法测定包封率;用胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶溶液试验多糖包覆脂质体对胰岛素的保护作用;用酶-苯酚法测定小鼠po多糖包覆胰岛素脂质体后降血糖作用。结果小鼠po 0.1%壳聚糖和0.1%海藻酸钠包覆的胰岛素脂质体具有较好的降血糖作用。结论壳聚糖或海藻酸钠包覆的脂质体能减少胃蛋白酶或胰蛋白酶对胰岛素的降解并促进胰岛素po吸收。     

口蹄疫DNA疫苗海藻酸钠微球的制备及体外释放的研究

目的：研制DNA疫苗海藻酸钠微球，并对其体外释药特性进行考察。方法：以口蹄疫DNA疫苗为DNA疫苗的模型药物，采用喷雾干燥一离子交联法制备DNA疫苗海藻酸钠微球；考察粒径大小、外观、载药量等理化特性；考察微球的体外释药特性及其影响因素。结果：微球球形圆整，分散性好，平均粒径为11．9μm，载药量为5％，产率为53．2％。微球的体外释放速率受载药量影响较小，而壳聚糖的交联固化度增高，微球的体外释放速率变慢。结论：以生物降解材料海藻酸钠、壳聚糖，用喷雾干燥法制备DNA疫苗微球，不需要超声和有机溶剂，因而有利于DNA疫苗结构和功能的稳定性；工艺简便，易于工业化生产。