血管成形术后血管外膜改变与血管重塑的相关性研究

目的:探讨大鼠胸主动脉血管成形术后血管外膜激活与血管重塑的相关性。方法:用6F人冠状动脉快速交换球囊损伤大鼠胸主动脉,术后2周和6周取材,行血管形态学定量分析,并行增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)免疫组织化学染色,观察PCNA在血管外膜上的表达。结果:血管成形术组血管外膜细胞数量、血管外膜细胞增殖指数,外膜面积、厚度均较对照组显著增大(P<0.05),血管外弹力板围绕面积、内弹力板围绕面积和管腔面积较对照组显著减小(P<0.05),血管呈收缩性重塑。结论:血管成形术后,血管外膜被牵拉激活,导致外膜细胞分裂、增殖,以及血管收缩性重塑,参与再狭窄的发生。     

血管外膜炎症对内膜增殖及P-选择素表达水平的影响

目的:研究脂多糖诱导兔股动脉外膜炎症对内膜增生的影响,探讨外膜炎症对内膜增生影响的分子机制.方法:成年新西兰大耳白兔30只,术前均喂以高脂饮食2周.两侧的股动脉随机分为脂多糖组和对照组.于术后1 h、3 d和2周分别处死10只动物获得股动脉标本,观察形态学变化和血管内膜增生情况,并用免疫组化方法观察P-选择素在动脉壁的...     

阿托伐他汀对自发性高血压大鼠去外膜颈动脉血管功能的影响

目的：观察阿托伐他汀对自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）去外膜后血管阻力及对去甲肾上腺素（NE）的收缩性的影响。方法：36只16周龄雄性SHR去除一侧颈动脉外膜后，随机分为3组：阿托伐他汀组、缬沙坦组、SHR对照组，分别给药4、8周分两次处死。给药前及给药后每2周测量大鼠尾动脉SBP；测定双侧颈动脉血流量和血管张力。结果：给药4周时，阿托伐他汀组SBP下降，至6、8周时较SHR对照组显著下降（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）；去外膜侧早期血管阻力指数轻度降低，至8周时则大于正常侧；而阿托伐他汀组和缬沙坦组血管阻力指数均较SHR对照组显著减小（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。去外膜侧颈动脉对NE的收缩反应在4周和8周时均显著低于正常对照侧（P〈0．01）；4周时阿托伐他汀组较SHR对照组显著增加双侧颈动脉对NE的最大收缩反应（P〈0．05），而8周时较SHR对照组减小。结论：去外膜后早期SHR血管阻力轻度下降，但后期高于正常侧，而阿托伐他汀可显著降低SHR的血管阻力，包括未去外膜血管。去外膜后，SHR的颈动脉环对NE的收缩性显著低于正常对照侧血管。早期阿托伐他汀可提高去外膜血管对NE的收缩反应，但至后期则可降低其对NE的收缩性。     

血管紧张素-(1-7)对自发性高血压大鼠去外膜颈动脉血管结构和功能的影响

目的：研究血管紧张素-（1-7）[Ang-（1-7）]对自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）一侧颈动脉去外膜血管结构和功能的影响。方法：24只SHR去除右侧颈动脉外膜后，随机分为3组（每组8只）：SHR组、Ang-（1-7）组和Ang779[Ang-（1-7）拮抗剂]组；8只WKY鼠作为对照组（WKY组）。去除大鼠右侧颈动脉外膜，左侧作假手术对照。颈静脉给药2周，测量尾动脉收缩压（SBP）、双侧颈动脉血流量和血浆及双侧颈动脉血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）浓度。取双侧颈动脉制成光镜标本，病理图象分析系统测定颈动脉内膜和中膜增生状况。免疫组织化学方法测定双侧颈动脉血管紧张素1（AT1）受体蛋白表达。TUNEL法检测血管组织细胞凋亡。结果：Ang-（1-7）组SBP较Ang779组和SHR组显著下降（P〈0．01）。Ang-（1-7）组未去外膜侧和去外膜侧内膜增生较SHR组和Ang779组明显改善（P〈0．01）。Ang-（1-7）组去外膜侧颈动脉血流量显著高于SHR组和Ang779组（P〈0．01）。去外膜侧颈动脉AngⅡ浓度显著高于未去外膜侧（P〈0．01）。SHR组和Ang779组去外膜侧颈动脉觚受体蛋白表达显著高于未去外膜侧（P〈0．01），Ang-（1-7）组未去外膜侧和去外膜侧颈动脉觚受体蛋白表达明显低于SHR组和Ang779组（P〈0．01）。Ang-（1-7）组未去外膜侧和去外膜侧凋亡指数较SHR组和Ang779组显著升高（P〈0、01）。结论：Ang-（1-7）能降低SHR的收缩压和血管阻力，增加去外膜侧颈动脉血流量，抑制去外膜后颈动脉内膜增生。这一作用可能与Ang-（1-7）下调颈动脉AT1受体，促进血管组织细胞凋亡有关。     

曲尼司特对动脉损伤后血管外膜重塑及细胞增殖的作用

【目的】血管损伤后外膜反应是负性血管重塑的重要机制。本文通过观察曲尼司特对损伤血管外膜反应和细胞增殖的作用,探讨其对血管重塑作用的可能机制。【方法】70只新西兰兔随机分为2组：曲尼司特组和安慰剂组,采用病理学和免疫组化技术,观察曲尼司特对兔腹主动脉损伤后外膜重塑、外膜细胞增殖和细胞表型的作用。【结果】血管损伤后28d,曲尼司特组外膜厚度降低29.4%。血管损伤后14d和28d,曲尼司特组外膜面积分别降低22.6%和20.6%。血管损伤后7d和14d,曲尼司特组外膜细胞密度分别降低22.7%和38.9%。血管损伤后3d和7d,曲尼司特组外膜PCNA阳性细胞百分比分别降低31.4%和29.6%。【结论】曲尼司特在血管损伤后早期显著抑制外膜细胞增殖,通过减少外膜的细胞容积,明显降低外膜厚度和面积,抑制血管重塑。     

Histologic findings in left ventricle papillary muscle arteries from human hearts

We describe original histologic findings of left ventricle papillary muscle (LVPM) arteries in people under 30 years of age. We examined 666 samples taken from the tip, mid-portion and base of papillary muscles in 56 males and 55 females, as well as several samples from the rest of the left ventricle. The number of smooth muscle cells (SMC) in the tunica media of the LVPM arteries led us to divide the samples examined into three groups: (i) group 1, 355 samples (53%) with a normal number of SMC and a normal lumen (the number of group 1 samples increased from the tip (21%) to the base (47%)); (ii) group 2, 252 samples (38%) with a mild to moderately increased number of SMC (the number of these samples decreased from the tip (44%) to the base (22%)); and (iii) group 3, 59 samples (9%) with abundant SMC that were more than twofold greater in size and number of normal arteries, in contrast with the other two groups. The shape of the SMC in group 3 samples was round and the extremely narrow, centrally located lumen of these SMCE had a round or oval shape. These changes were restricted only to papillary muscle arteries and the number of group 3 samples decreased from the tip (63%) to the mid-portion (37%). No inflammatory reaction or chronic ischemic changes were found in the LVPM arteries and surrounding area. The SMC changes in groups 2 and 3 were found in subjects aged more than 2 months. These findings will provide anatomists, cardiologists, pathologists and physiologists with valuable knowledge and will trigger further investigation into the etiology of the structural changes observed and their evolution with age.     

Effect of an acute mechanical stimulus on aortic structure in the transverse aortic constriction mouse model

1. Vascular remodelling is an adaptive response to various stimuli, including mechanical forces, inflammatory cytokines and hormones. In the present study, we investigated histological modification of the aorta and the expression of key proteins participating in vascular remodelling under an acute mechanical stimulus using a transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mouse model. 2. The TAC was performed in male C57BL/6 mice aged 10-12 weeks. A Millar conductance catheter was used to measure cardiac haemodynamic parameters 3 and 14 days after TAC. Aortic structural variations were observed by haematoxylin and eosin, Sirius red and Weigert's elastin staining. Protein levels of Type I collagen, F4/80, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and SM22α were analysed by immunohistochemistry. 3. Three days after TAC, the medial area proximal to the aortic band (PA-B) was increased, whereas the area distal to the aortic band (DA-B) was unchanged. There was no difference in luminal area between TAC and sham groups. The adventitia displayed the most significant difference 14 days after TAC: adventitial hyperplasia was abundant and collagen was upregulated in the adventitia of the PA-B with a considerable increase in α-SMA and SM22α. Macrophages accumulated in the adventitia of the PA-B 3 days after TAC and infiltrated into the media and intima of the PA-B 14 days after TAC. 4. In conclusion, the aortic structure undergoes considerable remodelling following an acute mechanical stimulus in the TAC model, mainly in the adventitia. Upregulation of α-SMA and extracellular matrix components accompanied by macrophage infiltration may contribute to adventitial modification in the TAC mouse model.     

血管外膜源一氧化氮对内皮素—1诱导的血管平滑肌增殖的影响

目的 观察血管外膜生成的一氧化氮（NO）对内皮素－1（ET－1）诱导的血管平滑肌（VSM）增殖的影响，以探讨血管外膜源NO对血管结构重塑调节的意义。方法 取大鼠胸主动脉，去除内皮，分以下几组进行组织孵育10h：（1）完整外膜血管组；（2）单纯中膜组；（3）中膜与剥离的外膜共育组；（4）中膜与服L－N－硝基精氨酸（L-NNA)预处理的外膜共育组。每例胸主动脉剪为二段，分两个亚组：ET（10^-7mol/L)组和对照组。^3H-胸腺嘧啶（^3H-TdR)掺入法检测各组VSM的细胞增殖。另取大鼠腹主动脉外膜，用10^-8和10^-7mol/L ET-1刺激4h。Griess法测血管外膜生成的亚硝酸（NO2-)含量，^3H-L－精氨酸（^3H-L-Arg)标记的同位素法测定外膜一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活性。结果 （1）各ET亚组^3H-TdR掺入比相应对照组分别增加48．8％－71．9％。（2）在10^-7mol/L ET-1刺激下，完整外膜组及中膜＋外膜组的^3H-TdR掺入分别比单纯中膜组低21．3％和24．5％。中膜＋L－NNA预处理的外膜组^3H-TdR掺入分别比中膜＋外膜组及完整外膜组高30．8％和25．4％，而与单纯中膜组差异无显著性。（3）与对照组相比，10^-8和10^-7mol/L 的ET－1使外膜NOS活性分别增加124％和177％；使外膜生成的NO2－含量分别增加88％和225％。结论 实验结果表明：血管外膜生成的NO可抑制ET－1刺激的VSM的增殖，其抑制作用为ET－1激活的血管外膜NOS／NO途径所分导。提示血管外膜源NO可能参与心血管疾病过程中血管重塑的调节。     

Assunzione di glucosio in vitro da parte di frammenti di arterie umane e bovine in diverse condizioni

Riassunto E' stata studiata l'assunzione di glucosioin vitro da parte di frammenti d'arteria provenienti da animali o da uomo, affetto e non affetto, da diabete mellito. Le arterie provenienti da uomo non diabetico assumono in genere meno glucosio rispetto alla arteria proveniente da bovini. Tali differenze si riducono se le arterie umane vengono private dell'avventizia. Le arterie umane non diabetiche assumono più glucosio nei confronti delle arterie provenienti da soggetti affetti da diabete mellito. Mentre l'incubazione con plasma umano normale aumenta nettamente l'assunzione di glucosio in tutte le arterie di uomo diabetico e non, essa non determina significativi miglioramenti della'assunzione di glucosio da parte dei frammenti di arterie bovine. L'aggiunta di insulina cristallizzata di bue al liquido di incubazione delle arterie umane non induce significativi incrementi dell'assunzione di glucosio se non a concentrazioni di 2 mU/ml nell'incubazione di arterie umane private dell'avventizia.

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Summary The AA. have studied thein vitro glucose uptake by fragments derived from animals and from humans, both diabetic and non-diabetic. The arteries derived from non-diabetic humans generally assume less glucose than those derived from oxen. Such differences decrease if the human arteries are deprived of theadventitia. The human non-diabetic arteries assume more glucose than those derived from subjects suffering from diabetes mellitus. While incubation with normal human plasma clearly increases the glucose uptake in all the arteries of man, both diabetic and not, it does not cause significant improvements in the glucose uptake by the fragments of bovine arteries. The addition of crystallized ox insulin to the incubation liquid of the human arteries does not cause significant improvements in the glucose uptake except at 2 mU/ml, when human arteries deprived of theadventitia are used.

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Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Aufnahme von Glukosein vitro durch Arterien-Fragmente von Tieren oder Menschen mit oder ohne Diabetes mellitus untersucht. Die Arterien von nicht diabetischen Menschen nehmen im allgemeinen weniger Glukose auf, als die Arterien von Rindern. Diese Unterschiede werden geringer, wenn man den Humanarterien dieadventitia entzieht. Die Arterien von nicht diabetischen Menschen nehmen mehr Glukose auf, als die Arterien von Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus. Während die Inkubation mit normalem Humanplasma die Glukoseaufnahme in allen Arterien von Menschen mit oder ohne Diabetes klar steigert, bewirkt sie keine signifikante Verbesserung der Glukose-Aufnahme durch Arterien-Fragmente von Rindern. Der Zusatz von kristallisiertem Rinderinsulin zur Inkubations-Flüssigkeit der Human-Arterien induziert keine signifikanten Zunahmen der Glukoseaufnahme, es sei denn mit einer Konzentration von 2 mE/ml bei der Inkubation von Humanarterien ohneadventitia.

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Resumen Se estudió la captación de glucosain vitro de parte de fragmentos de arteria procedentes de animales o de hombres afectos y no de diabetes mellitus. En general, las arterias del hombre no diabético captan menos glucosa que las de los bovinos. Estas diferencias se reducen si se privan a las arterias humanas de la adventicia. Las arterias humanas no diabéticas captan más glucosa que las arterias de sujetos afectos de diabetes mellitus. Mientras la incubación con plasma humano normal aumenta netamente la captación de glucosa en todas las arterias del hombre diabético y no, la misma no determina mejorías significativas de la captación de glucosa de parte de los fragmentos de arterias bovinas. La adición de insulina cristalizada de buey al líquido de incubación de las arterias humanas no produce aumentos significativos en la captación de glucosa sino a concentraciones de 2 mU/ml en la incubación de arterias humanas sin adventicia.

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Resume Les AA. ont étudié l'assimilation de glucosein vitro par des fragments d'artère provenantes de animaux ou de sujets atteints ou non de diabète sucré. Les artères des sujets non diabétiques assument en général moins glucose que les artères d'origine bovine. Cettes différences sont réduites si les artères humaines sont privées de l'adventice. Les artères humaines non diabétiques assument plus glucose que les artères provenantes de sujets atteints de diabète sucré. Tandis que l'incubation avec du sérum humain normal augmente nettement l'assimilation du glucose dans toutes les artères du sujet diabétique et non diabétique, elle ne porte pas des améliorations significatives dans l'assimilation du glucose par les fragments des artères bovines. L'addition d'insuline cristallisée du boeuf au liquide d'incubation des artères humaines ne porte pas des augmentations significatives de l'assimilation du glucose, si non avec des concentrations de 2 mU/ml dans l'incubation des artères humaines privées de l'adventice.