成都市暴雨洪涝与儿童手足口病关联分析及脆弱人群亚组识别

目的 刻画成都市2011—2017年暴雨洪涝与儿童手足口病(Hand, foot and mouth disease,HFMD)之间的短期滞后关系,并进一步量化在不同性别、年龄亚组中的效应,识别脆弱人群。方法 收集整理成都市2011年1月1日—2017年12月31日的15岁以下HFMD日发病数、气象因子和暴雨洪涝发生情况数据。以暴雨洪涝为关键自变量,运用准泊松分布滞后模型,探讨了暴雨洪涝发生后0~14天的滞后效应。结果 研究发现暴雨洪涝与儿童手足口病呈正相关关系。0~7天和0~14天的累积滞后效应分别为1.11(95% CI:1.01~1.22)和1.21 (95% CI:1.04~1.41)。性别和年龄亚组分析分别表明,男童和3岁以下儿童（<1岁婴儿和1~2岁幼儿亚组）存在单日滞后统计显著的正相关关系,且0~7天和0~14天的累积滞后均显著;女童的单日滞后没有统计学意义,仅0~14天累计滞后统计显著,且效应略低于男童（女童: RR =1.23(1.00~1.51),男童: RR =1.26(1.06~1.51)）;<1岁婴儿0~7天和0~14天的累积滞后效应最强,分别为1.26(95%CI:1.02~1.57)和1.68(95%CI:1.20~2.34)。结论 暴雨洪涝会增加儿童患HFMD的风险,尤其是男童和3岁以下的婴幼儿（对1岁以下的婴儿的影响最大）。利益相关者应充分意识到暴雨洪涝的健康风险。家庭、社区、学校和政府应共同努力,减少暴雨洪涝相关的儿童HFMD。     

葛根素注射液对不稳定型心绞痛患者不稳定斑块的影响

目的观察葛根素注射液对不稳定型心绞痛患者不稳定斑块影响。方法冠心病不稳定型心绞痛患者80例采用随机数字表法分为对照组(常规西药治疗)和治疗组,后者在常规西药治疗基础上加用葛根素注射液;观察治疗前后临床疗效、血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂(PAI-1)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)变化。结果两组患者临床疗效显著,具有明显降低PAI-1、MMP-9、CRP和IL-6的作用,且治疗组优于对照组。结论葛根素注射液治疗不稳定型心绞痛临床疗效显著,具有稳定不稳定斑块和抗栓的作用。     

The Impact of Patient Access to Their Electronic Health Record on Medication Management Safety: A Narrative Review

IntroductionAs the American’s Federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) stated that patients should be allowed to review their medical records, and as information technology is ever more widely used by healthcare professionals and patients, providing patients with online access to their own medical records through a patient portal is becoming increasingly popular. Previous research has been done regarding the impact on the quality and safety of patients’ care, rather than explicitly on medication safety, when providing those patients with access to their electronic health records (EHRs).AimThis narrative review aims to summarise the results from previous studies on the impact on medication management safety concepts of adult patients accessing information contained in their own EHRs.ResultA total of 24 studies were included in this review. The most two commonly studied measures of safety in medication management were: (a) medication adherence and (b) patient-reported experience. Other measures, such as: discrepancies, medication errors, appropriateness and Adverse Drug Events (ADEs) were the least studied.ConclusionThe results suggest that providing patients with access to their EHRs can improve medication management safety. Patients pointed out improvements to the safety of their medications and perceived stronger medication control. The data from these studies lay the foundation for future research.     

Comment droit et éthique s’enrichissent mutuellement dans la prise en charge médicale des personnes avec handicap

Whatever his or her disability, a person has the right to medical care of the same quality as any other patient. The law tries to meet the needs of vulnerable people, regardless of their situation. For example, a minor, disabled or not, may seek a treatment while preserving confidentiality regarding his/her parents. Privacy is a concept that does not begin at 18. In France, the law of 4 March 2002 already addressed this hypothesis; the law of 26 January 2016 modernizing our health system extended it. An adult, disabled or not, may need help not only for administrative and financial procedures, but also for medical or medicosocial matters. The law offers various support solutions with the family, guardian, support person, relatives, caregivers, attorneys involved with a mandate for future protection. In medical practice, a number of situations, simple in theory, can be very problematic. The ethical approach will be essential to help deal with all these questions.     

Vulnerable prisoners: Dementia and the impact on prisoners,staff and the correctional setting

The aim of this paper is to increase awareness and highlight the need for prisoner’s early identification of dementia and recommend support strategies within the Australian correctional setting. The number of older people is increasing within the correctional setting, causing a corresponding increase in the number of prisoners with dementia. These older prisoners are at greater risk of developing cognitive impairment and dementia which increases their vulnerability in the correctional environment including their interactions with both correctional services staff and other prisoners. Correctional settings have not been designed for older prisoners or those with dementia, which poses problems for physical and psychological health. People who have encounters with the criminal justice system are generally in poorer physical and mental health than the general population. Identifying dementia in the early stages provides opportunities to initiate strategies and supports to slow the progression. However being incarcerated increases the likelihood of not being identified with dementia until the later stages of the disease process, which significantly reduces opportunities for early intervention.     

The relevance of work-related learning for vulnerable groups. Dutch case study of a Health Impact Assessment with equity focus

IntroductionLearning is essential for sustainable employability. However, various factors make work-related learning more difficult for certain groups of workers, who are consequently at a disadvantage in the labour market. In the long term, that in turn can have adverse health implications and can make those groups vulnerable. With a view to encouraging workers to continue learning, the Netherlands has a policy on work-related learning, which forms part of the ‘Vitality Package’.AimA Health Impact Assessment with equity focus (HIAef) was undertaken to determine whether the policy on work-related learning affected certain groups of workers and their health in different ways, and whether the differences were avoidable.MethodsThe HIAef method involved the standard phases: screening, scoping, appraisal and recommendations. Equity was the core principle in this method. Data were collected by means of both literature searches (e.g. Scopus, Medline) and interviews with experts and stakeholders (e.g. expertise regarding work, training and/or health).ResultsThe HIAef identified the following groups as potentially vulnerable in the field of work-related learning: the chronically sick, older people, less educated people, flexi-workers/the self-employed and lay carers (e.g. thresholds to learning). Published literature indicates that work-related learning may have a positive influence on health through (work-related) factors such as pay, employability, longer employment rate and training-participation. According to experts and stakeholders, work-related learning policy could be adapted to take more account of vulnerable groups through alignment with their particular needs, such as early support, informal learning and e-learning.ConclusionWith a view to reducing avoidable inequalities in work-related learning, it is recommended that early, low-threshold, accessible opportunities are made available to identified vulnerable groups. Making such opportunities available may have a positive effect on (continued) participation in the labour market and thus on the health of the relevant groups.     

Cluster Analysis of Vulnerable Groups in Acute Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation

Objective

To analyze the complex relation between various social indicators that contribute to socioeconomic status and health care barriers.

广西洪水事件与传染病关联性及脆弱人群分析

目的研究2006年广西洪水事件与传染病的关系,分析洪水事件敏感性传染病脆弱人群。方法以2006年7月上旬为暴露期,以未发生洪水事件的2005年、2007年7月上旬为对照期,对洪水期间传染病的发生进行危险度分析及滞后效应分析,筛选脆弱人群。结果洪水对甲肝、菌痢、流行性腮腺炎、流感影响的RR值及95%CI分别为1.84(1.29~2.57)、1.24(1.07~1.43)、1.51(1.31~1.75)、10.01(7.03~14.2),相应滞后期分别为3、1、0、0旬;菌痢脆弱人群为0~5岁儿童,流行性腮腺炎脆弱人群为0~5岁男童,流感脆弱人群为0~5岁男童及15~34岁青年人群。结论与该次洪水事件有关的传染病为甲肝、菌痢、流行性腮腺炎、流感,且不同传染病受洪水影响的脆弱人群有所不同。     

New insights towards catheter-based identification of vulnerable plaque

Sudden cardiac death or unheralded acute coronary syndromes are common initial manifestations of coronary atherosclerosis and most such events occur at sites of non-flow limiting coronary atherosclerosis. Autopsy data suggests that plaque composition is a key determinant of the propensity of atherosclerotic lesions to provoke clinical events. Most of these events are related to plaque rupture and subsequent thrombotic occlusion at the site of non-flow limiting atherosclerotic lesions in epicardial coronary arteries. Detection of these non-obstructive, lipid rich, high-risk plaques may have an important impact on the prevention of acute myocardial infarction and sudden death. Currently, there are several intravascular tools capable of locally evaluating determinants of plaque vulnerability such as the size of the lipid core, thickness of the fibrous cap, inflammation within the cap and positive remodeling. These new modalities have the potential to provide insights into the pathophysiology of the natural history of coronary plaque by means of prospective studies.