Transseptal Catheterization without Needle Puncture

Objective - The aim was to see if probing the fossa ovalis for transseptal puncture during balloon mitral valvuloplasty will reduce time consumed for the procedure. Design - Twenty-five patients had probing of fossa ovalis for left atrial entry (group I). In 30 patients (group II), standard needle puncture was done for left atrial entry. Puncture time and fluoroscopy time were noted and oxymetry was done. Later, a further 60 patients underwent probing of fossa ovalis for validation of the technique. Results     

Application of Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty in Patients of Rheumatic Heart Disease Mitral Stenosis Combined with Tricuspid Regurgitation

Background:

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is frequently associated with severe mitral stenosis (MS), the importance of significant TR was often neglected. However, TR influences the outcome of patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) procedure in rheumatic heart disease patients with mitral valve (MV) stenosis and tricuspid valve regurgitation.

Methods:

Two hundred and twenty patients were enrolled in this study due to rheumatic heart disease with MS combined with TR. Mitral balloon catheter made in China was used to expand MV. The following parameters were measured before and after PBMV: MV area (MVA), TR area (TRA), atrial pressure and diameter, and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). The patients were followed for 6 months to 9 years.

Results:

After PBMV, the MVAs increased significantly (1.7 ± 0.3 cm² vs. 0.9 ± 0.3 cm², P < 0.01); TRA significantly decreased (6.3 ± 1.7 cm² vs. 14.2 ± 6.5 cm², P < 0.01), right atrial area (RAA) decreased significantly (21.5 ± 4.5 cm² vs. 25.4 ± 4.3 cm², P < 0.05), TRA/RAA (%) decreased significantly (29.3 ± 3.2% vs. 44.2 ± 3.6%, P < 0.01). TR velocity (TRV) and TR continue time (TRT) as well as TRV × TRT decreased significantly (183.4 ± 9.4 cm/s vs. 254.5 ± 10.7 cm/s, P < 0.01; 185.7 ± 13.6 ms vs. 238.6 ± 11.3 ms, P < 0.01; 34.2 ± 5.6 cm vs. 60.7 ± 8.5 cm, P < 0.01, respectively). The postoperative left atrial diameter (LAD) significantly reduced (41.3 ± 6.2 mm vs. 49.8 ± 6.8 mm, P < 0.01) and the postoperative right atrial diameter (RAD) significantly reduced (28.7 ± 5.6 mm vs. 46.5 ± 6.3 mm, P < 0.01); the postoperative left atrium pressure significantly reduced (15.6 ± 6.1 mmHg vs. 26.5 ± 6.6 mmHg, P < 0.01), the postoperative right atrial pressure decreased significantly (13.2 ± 2.4 mmHg vs. 18.5 ± 4.3 mmHg, P < 0.01). The pulmonary arterial pressure decreased significantly after PBMV (48.2 ± 10.3 mmHg vs. 60.6 ± 15.5 mmHg, P < 0.01). The symptom of chest tightness and short of breath obviously alleviated. All cases followed-up for 6 months to 9 years (average 75 ± 32 months), 2 patients with severe regurgitation died (1 case of massive cerebral infarction, and 1 case of heart failure after 6 years and 8 years, respectively), 2 cases lost access. At the end of follow-up, MVA has been reduced compared with the postoperative (1.4 ± 0.4 cm² vs. 1.7 ± 0.3 cm², P < 0.05); LAD slightly increased compared with the postoperative (45.2 ± 5.7 mm vs. 41.4 ± 6.3 mm, P < 0.05), RAD slightly also increased compared with the postoperative (36.1 ± 6.3 mm vs. 28.6 ± 5.5 mm, P < 0.05), but did not recover to the preoperative level. TRA slightly increased compared with the postoperative, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The PAP and left ventricular ejection fraction appeared no statistical difference compared with the postoperative (P > 0.05), the remaining patients without serious complications.

Conclusions:

PBMV is a safe and effective procedure for MS combined with TR in patients of rheumatic heart disease. It can alleviate the symptoms and reduce the size of TR. It can also improve the quality-of-life and prognosis. Its recent and mid-term efficacy is certain. While its long-term efficacy remains to be observed.     

小儿室缺伴主动脉瓣关闭不全的外科疗效分析

总结小儿室间隔缺损（ＶＳＤ）伴主动脉瓣关闭不全（ＡＩ）的外科治疗效果及其影响因素。随访８２例ＶＳＤ伴ＡＩ病儿的诊治和预后情况，并对多种影响因素进行ｔ检验及多元线性回归分析。结果显示，小儿ＶＳＤ合并ＡＩ发生率约为７．０７％，其中干下型ＶＳＤ伴ＡＩ占总数的１９．５８％；膜周型为４．１８％。本组８２例中６４例单纯行ＶＳＤ修补术，１８例行ＶＳＤ修补加主动脉瓣成形术。术后随访５个月～１２年，无并发症，无近远期死亡，残余反流无１例较术前加重。结论：ＡＩ的程度、ＶＳＤ类型及术前心胸比率等对选择手术方法有指导意义，且对主动脉瓣成形术的疗效有着重要影响     

经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术三种方法的对比分析

目的探讨聚乙烯单囊法、双球囊法及Inoue球囊法行经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术(PBPV)治疗先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄(PS)的效果及选择要点.方法对42例先天性PS患者分别采用单囊法(n=15)、双球囊法(n=9)及Inoue球囊法(n=18)行PBPV治疗,对比分析手术前后血液动力学变化及瓣膜最大开放直径.结果PBPV术后右室收缩压、右室流出道收缩压分别由(14.69±6.01)kPa和(12.16±3.48)kPa下降至(8.14±5.26)kPa和(5.39±2.21)kPa,肺动脉收缩压由(1.57±0.56)kPa上升至(2.75±0.62)kPa.肺动脉瓣最大开放直径由术前的(8.90±2.06)cm上升至(17.16±2.16)cm.单囊法、双球囊法及Inoue球囊法术后跨肺动脉瓣压力阶差分别为(2.40±2.05)kPa、(3.29±2.25)kPa和(2.52±1.95)kPa;收缩期右室至肺动脉总压力阶差分别为(2.40±2.05)kPa、(4.98±4.26)kPa、(6.16±6.93)kPa和(5.65±4.75)kPa.平均随访(2.5±1.6)年,超声多普勒测肺动脉瓣流速从术后的(2.38±1.89)m/s降至(2.22±1.96)m/s,跨肺动脉瓣压力阶差(3.02±1.9)kPa降低至(2.86±2.04)kPa.结论①3种PBPV方法治疗PS均可取得较好的近期及中远期疗效.②对瓣环较小的低年龄患者,应选用聚乙烯单球囊法;而对瓣环较大、主肺动脉扩张的大龄患者应首选Inoue球囊法,聚乙烯双囊法偶可作为Inoue球囊法的补充.     

Severe mitral insufficiency in mucopolysaccharidosis type III-B (Sanfilippo syndrome)

Summary A 6-year-old girl with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) III-B (Sanfilippo syndrome) who developed severe mitral regurgitation and congestive heart failure requiring surgery (valvuloplasty) is reported. One year after surgery the patient remains well, with marked improvement in her physical activity, and without signs of heart failure. This is only the second report of severe mitral regurgitation in MPS III, and is the first report of a successful repair (valvuloplasty) of a dysplastic mitral valve in the MPS. Mitral valvuloplasty should be considered instead of valve replacement in any MPS patient with mitral valve regurgitation requiring surgery.     

感染性心内膜炎瓣膜损害的手术治疗

报告２３例感染性心内膜炎瓣膜损害的手术治疗。在体外循环下行机械瓣置换术１６例１９个瓣膜，行瓣膜成形术７例８个瓣膜，同时矫治先天性心脏病１０例。结果：死亡３例，随访中死亡１例。结论：在心内膜炎致瓣膜损害后手术治疗是积极有效的，术中应尽量修补保存自身瓣膜，术后必须积极预防和治疗并发症。     

二尖瓣狭窄球囊扩张术前后肾上腺髓质素的分布及变化

本文应用特异性放免方法测定了风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄病人不同部位血浆中肾上腺髓质素前体（ProADM153-185）的分布及其在二尖瓣球囊扩张手术前后即刻的变化。结果显示：风心病二尖瓣狭窄患者血浆中ProADM153-185（Adt）以肺总动脉处含量最高，与其它部位差别显著，而右心房、右心室及下腔静脉根部处之间无明显差异。且除肺总动脉外，心腔其它部位的Adt含量均低于外周静脉血（P＜0.05），上述各部位Adt在二尖瓣球囊扩张术后即刻含量均有所降低，肺总脉189.2±15.1vs168.2±13.2；右心室155．7±10.9vs142.2±13.4；右心房153.3±12.6vs140.9±15.3；下腔静脉156.9±12.3vs147.9±17.3；外周静脉168.3±6.2vs165.5±10.7pg/ml；但下腔静脉及外周静脉及变化无统计学意义，肺总动脉右心房与右心室处Adt降低显著（P＜0.05）。风心病二尖瓣狭窄者外周静脉血血浆中proADM153-185（Adt）的含量与正常人无明显区别。     

室间隔缺损修补术后中远期主动脉瓣关闭不全的外科治疗分析

目的:探讨室间隔缺损(VSD)修补术后中远期主动脉瓣关闭不全(AI)的外科治疗方法.方法:总结1996-01至2007-12我院22例VSD术后AI的外科治疗经验.主动脉瓣病变以穿孔为主,本组主动脉瓣置换13例,主动脉瓣成形9例.结果:22例患者中手术死亡1例.出院检查与术前比,心胸比率(0.52±0.04 vs 0.57±0.07,P<0.05)及左心室舒张末径[(46.7±5.8)mm vs(54.5±10.2)mm,P<0.05 ]均有明显缩小,差异有统计学意义.超声心动图检查3例患者主动脉瓣少量反流,余未见明显异常.结论:本病的主要原因可能为手术损伤造成,外科治疗效果满意.