B超引导下活检针穿刺对可疑甲状腺癌结节的诊断意义

目的：探讨超声引导下活检针穿刺对可疑甲状腺癌结节的诊断价值。方法：在512例患有可疑甲状腺癌结节的患者中,按完全随机设计的原则抽取120例作为研究对象,在术前均行超声引导下活检针穿刺术。计算kappa值、准确率、灵敏度、特异度、漏诊率、误诊率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、约登指数、阳性似然比、阴性似然比。结果：经术后病理证实84例为甲状腺癌,活检针穿刺正确79例,漏诊5例,不能确定5例。kappa值0.844、一致率0.933、灵敏度0.94、特异度0.917、漏诊率0.06、误诊率0.083、阳性预测值0.963、阴性预测值0.868、阳性似然比11.286、阴性似然比0.065、约登指数0.857。结论：超声引导下活检针穿刺对可疑甲状腺癌结节有较高的诊断价值,可作为判断良恶性结节的首选。     

剖宫产瘢痕妊娠早期诊断与治疗方法的选择

目的:探讨剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的早期诊断与治疗方法的选择。方法:回顾性分析剖宫产瘢痕妊娠66例临床资料,所有病例均行阴道联合腹部彩超检查。其中47例行子宫动脉栓塞术(UAE)联合B超引导下清宫术(A组),9例行甲氨蝶呤(MTX)联合B超引导下清宫术(B组),10例行开腹子宫病灶切除术(C组)。结果:阴道联合腹部彩超的诊断准确率为92.4%。术中出血量A组少于B组和C组,B组少于C组(均P<0.05);术后阴道流血时间、住院时间及血β-hCG下降时间A组少于B组,C组少于B组(均P<0.05),A与C组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);所有患者成功保留子宫并恢复正常月经,无严重并发症发生。结论:阴道联合腹部彩超是剖宫产瘢痕妊娠早期诊断的主要手段。剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的治疗应个体化,MTX可用于UAE或子宫病灶切除术的辅助治疗;开腹手术适用于病灶大,孕囊植入于子宫肌层深部,靠近浆膜层甚至侵犯膀胱的病例;UAE联合B超引导下清宫术的创伤小,安全有效。适用于剖宫产瘢痕妊娠发生急性大量出血或孕囊向子宫颈、峡部或宫腔生长的病例。     

平面内与平面外技术在超声引导下外周静脉置入中心静脉导管的效果观察

目的 探讨在彩色多普勒引导下经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC)置管穿刺过程中,采用平面内技术与平面外技术的应用效果.方法 选取2015年1-12月在我院行超声引导下PICC置管患者130例,经患者知情同意,按数字表法随机分为2组:超声引导下平面内技术组和平面外技术组,每组65例.观察2组穿刺用时和一针穿刺成功率.结果 彩色多普勒引导下PICC置管穿刺过程中,平面内技术组穿刺时间为(180.0±35.0)s,平面外技术组为(98.0±24.1)s,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);平面内技术组一针穿刺成功率为66.2%,平面外技术组为96.9%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 超声引导下PICC置管平面外技术穿刺用时短,一针穿刺成功率高,适于在临床推广.     

超声引导下经皮穿刺无水酒精治疗肾囊肿

目的评价超声引导下经皮穿刺无水酒精治疗肾囊肿的价值。方法对107例在超声引导下经皮穿刺无水酒精治疗肾囊肿患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果107例共112治疗复查后发现治愈率为99.3％，显效率为100％。结论该方法简便易行，并发症少，疗效确切，可作为肾囊肿的首选治疗方法.     

Diagnostic performance of fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography combined with ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration cytology for identifying axillary lymph node status in patients with breast cancer

Aim

The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) in combination with ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (US-guided FNAC) for the preoperative diagnosis of axillary lymph node (ALN) metastases in patients with breast cancer.

Materials and methods

A total of 318 patients with breast cancer were recruited retrospectively. Some of the cases that underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) were included. The sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET/CT were calculated. We assessed the relationship between the combined results for US-guided FNAC with FDG-PET/CT and the pathological ALN status.

Results

A total of 271 patients underwent FDG-PET/CT. Of these patients, 41 underwent US-guided FNAC. The sensitivity and the specificity of FDG-PET/CT for the cases without NAC were 18.5%, 97.1%, respectively. The sensitivity in cases with NAC was 68.2%. As a whole, the sensitivity was 40.8%.ALN metastasis was detected using US-guided FNAC in a case with a negative FDG uptake in the ALN. The T stage was T2 in the case and the FDG uptake at the primary site was poor.

Conclusion

FDG-PET/CT has a good specificity for ALN metastasis, although its sensitivity is limited, especially in early-stage cases. In cases with a negative FDG uptake in the ALN, US-guided FNAC may play a role in the detection of lymph node metastasis when the primary tumor size is large and the FDG uptake in the primary tumor is low.     

超声引导下球囊扩张与两步式扩张建立皮肾通道的应用比较

目的探讨在经皮肾镜碎石中应用超声引导下球囊扩张法建立皮肾通道的安全性及有效性。方法经皮肾镜碎石术44例,分别采用超声引导下球囊扩张法(球囊组)及两步式扩张法(对照组)建立皮肾通道,对通道建立时间、一次性通道建立成功率、出血量、残余结石率、术后住院时间及术后并发症等进行比较。结果球囊组和对照组通道建立时间分别为(6.7±2.0)min和(14.4±3.4)min,一次性通道建立成功率分别为100%和83.3%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术中出血量、残余结石率、术后住院时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后两组各出现1例发热,对照组出现1例迟发出血,均未出现其他严重并发症。结论超声引导下球囊扩张建立皮肾通道与两步式扩张法同样安全有效,且实施过程简便快捷。     

超声引导下类固醇激素介入和体外冲击波治疗肱骨外上髁炎的临床疗效

目的观察并评估对肱骨外上髁炎患者进行超声引导下类固醇激素介入治疗和体外冲击波治疗的临床疗效的差异。 方法回顾性分析2018年7月至10月在南京医科大学第一附属医院骨科门诊治疗并获得完整随访的肱骨外上髁炎患者61例。按照治疗方法不同分为超声引导下类固醇激素介入治疗组（A组）31例和体外冲击波治疗组（B组）30例。采用t检验比较2组患者治疗前后的VAS评分、PRTEE功能评分和握力变化的差异,采用χ²检验比较组间复发率的差异。 结果所有病例均获得随访,平均随访时间（7.2±0.9）个月。治疗后1个月时,A组VAS评分低于B组［（1.8±0.4）分vs（3.2±0.5）分］,差异具有统计学意义（t=-12.0959,P<0.001）;治疗后3个月时,2组VAS评分和PRTEE功能评分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗后6个月时,A组VAS评分和PRTEE功能评分均低于B组［（1.7±0.3）分vs（2.8±0.4）分;（13.2±2.9）分vs（22.3±5.1）分］,A组握力变化和复发率也低于B组［（12.3±2.5）% vs（28.4±3.2）%;0/31 vs 4/30］,差异均具有统计学意义（t=-12.1772、-8.6024、-21.9381,P<0.001、<0.001、<0.001、=0.035）。 结论在治疗肱骨外上髁炎时,超声引导下类固醇激素介入治疗较体外冲击波治疗具有注射精准,起效快,临床疗效持久,不易复发的优势。但体外冲击波治疗具有无创,安全的优势,也是一种适合临床应用的有效治疗手段。     

超声引导下心包腔内置入中心静脉导管治疗大量心包积液的临床研究

目的研究超声引导下心包腔内置入中心静脉导管治疗大量心包积液的价值。方法 18例大量心包积液患者在超声实时监视和引导下进行心包腔穿刺,置入中心静脉导管进行引流、冲冼、心包内注药治疗,观察疗效、安全性、不良反应和并发症。结果 18例患者均一次置管引流成功,治愈16例,治愈率88.9%,显效2例,显效率为11.1%,无一例发生不良反应和并发症。结论超声引导下心包腔内置入中心静脉导管具有安全、操作简便、疗效显著、无不良反应和并发症、血流动力学影响小等优点,可作为治疗大量心包积液的首选方法 。     

超声引导下甲状腺结节细针穿刺术的护理要点与实施体会分析

目的探讨针对性护理在超声引导下甲状腺结节细针穿刺术中的实施效果。方法按照是否接受针对性护理将42例行超声引导下甲状腺结节细针穿刺术的患者分为观察组24例和对照组18例,对照组接受常规护理,观察组在此基础上接受针对性护理,比较两组护理效果。结果观察组一次性穿刺成功率显著高于对照组,并发症总发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组干预后SAS及SDS评分改善效果显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组术后生理舒适、精神心理舒适、环境舒适及社会舒适评分均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组护理总满意度显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论针对性护理能够提高超声引导下甲状腺结节细针穿刺术穿刺效果,改善患者情绪状态和舒适度,提高护理满意度,降低术后并发症,值得临床推荐。     

Ten-year survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation as a first-line treatment

AIM: To investigate the long-term survival and prognostic factors in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation(RFA) as a first-line treatment.METHODS: From 2000 to 2013, 316 consecutivepatients with 404 HCC(1.0-5.0 cm; mean: 3.2 ± 1.1 cm) underwent ultrasonography-guided percutaneous RFA as a first-line treatment. There were 250 males and 66 females with an average age of 60.1 ± 10.8 years(24-87 years). Patients were followed for 1 year to 10 years after RFA(234, 181, 136, and 71 for 3, 5, 7, and 10 years, respectively). Overall local response rates and long-term survival rates were assessed. Survival results were generated using Kaplan-Meier estimates, and multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox regression model. RESULTS: In total, 548 RFA sessions were performed and major complications occurred in 10 sessions(1.8%). Local tumor progression and/or new tumor development were observed in 43.3%(132/305) of the patients during the follow-up period. Overall 5-and 10-year survival rates were 49.7% and 28.4%, respectively. Based on multivariate analysis, three factors were identified as independent prognostic factors for overall survival: Child-Pugh classification(HR = 4.054, P 0.001), portal vein hypertension(HR = 2.743, P = 0.002), and tumor number(HR = 2.693, P = 0.003). The local progression-free 5- and 10-year survival rates were 42.7% and 19.5%. In addition to the Child-Pugh classification and the number of tumors, the number of RFA sessions(HR = 1.550, P = 0.002) was associated with local progression-free survival.CONCLUSION: RFA can achieve acceptable outcomes for HCC patients as a first-line treatment, especially for patients with Child-Pugh class A, patients with a single tumor and patients without portal vein hypertension.