国际典型综合类科技期刊公众传播特点及对我国综合类科技期刊公众传播能力建设的启示

【目的】 分析国际顶级综合类科技期刊公众传播模式及特点,为我国科技期刊公众传播能力建设提供建议。【方法】 以Altmetric Top 100入选论文数量最多的Nature、Science和PNAS三刊为研究对象,剖析其在公众传播产品、媒体传播体系和新闻媒体人才支撑等方面的模式和特征。对照分析我国最有影响力的综合类科技期刊《国家科学评论》和《科学通报》的公众传播特点。【结果】 以《国家科学评论》和《科学通报》为代表的我国综合类科技期刊的公众传播能力提升迅速,但仍存在新闻传媒人才短缺、期刊集约化程度不高、公众传播机制尚未建立等问题。【结论】 我国综合类科技期刊需要着力增强传媒人才培育、集约化品牌发展、公众传播机制建设,以促进我国科技期刊公众传播能力提升。     

The 100 most influential publications pertaining to intracranial aneurysms and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

The study of intracranial aneurysms has grown at an astounding rate since Sir Charles Symond’s association of hemorrhage within the subarachnoid space to intracranial aneurysms in 1923. These associations led to the first surgical treatment of an intracranial aneurysm with wrapping by Norman Dott in 1931, and shortly thereafter, clip ligation by Walter Dandy in 1938. Surgical outcomes were improved by the introduction of the operative microscope in the 1960s and perioperative care utilizing induced hypertension, hypovolemia, and hemodilution (“HHH therapy”). Recent monumental advancements, such as coil embolization in 1990 by Guglielmi, have continued to advance the field forward. The authors hope to highlight some of the most seminal and influential works. Herein, we utilize the technique of citation analysis to assemble a list of the 100 most influential works pertaining to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage published between the years 1900 and 2015 to honor these individuals and to provide guidance to current and future researchers in the field. We additionally calculate the effects of author, journal, topic, and study design on the overall influence of publications in this field.     

Treatment algorithms in Crohn's – Up,down or something else?

Crohn's disease is a chronic, progressive and disabling condition. New therapeutic goals have emerged in Crohn's disease such as the need to look beyond symptoms by achieving mucosal healing that is known to be associated with better outcomes. Anti-TNF (Tumour Necrosis Factor) therapy is the most potent drug class to induce and maintain mucosal healing in Crohn's disease. Recent evidence indicates that the efficacy profile of thiopurines has been overestimated while the increased risk of malignancies (lymphoma, non-melanoma skin cancers, myeloid disorders) has been underestimated. Methotrexate is well-tolerated, but its potential for disease modification is unknown. Achieving mucosal healing in patients with early Crohn's disease might be the best way to change disease course and patients' life. In 2014, anti-TNF treatment should be the first-line therapy in patients with Crohn's disease who suffer from severe and/or complicated disease and in those with poor prognostic factors. In the remaining patients, a rapid step-up approach based on a tight monitoring is recommended.     

Attentional capture during visual search is attenuated by target predictability: Evidence from the N2pc,Pd, and topographic segmentation

Attentional capture by salient distractors has been confirmed by the occurrence of an N2pc to the salient distractor. To clarify some failures to replicate this finding, we varied target predictability to induce different search modes. In the unpredictable target condition, the target shape varied randomly from trial to trial, favoring singleton detection mode. In the predictable target condition, the target shape remained the same in a block of trials, favoring feature search mode. With unpredictable targets, we observed an N2pc toward the salient color distractor, confirming attentional capture in singleton search mode. With predictable targets, there was no N2pc to the salient distractor, but a distractor positivity (Pd), suggesting distractor suppression. Also, differences emerged in the topographic segmentation of N2pc and Pd. Further, the amplitude of the N2pc toward the target was larger with predictable than with unpredictable targets.     

A bibliometric analysis of the 100 most influential papers in burns

The importance of a published paper to a particular area is reflected in the quantity of citations obtained from peers. In burns, it is unknown which papers have been the most influential on this specialty. The purpose of our study was to identify the 100 most cited papers in burns and to analyze their characteristics. Twenty-seven journals were chosen for analysis. These included high impact factor scientific journals and journals dedicated to burns and trauma. Only twelve of these journals contributed to the 100 most cited papers in burns and we analyzed each paper individually looking at its subject matter, authorship, article type, institution, country and year of publication. Our citation analysis revealed an interesting mix of clinical and scientific papers that documents the key landmarks in burn care over the past 66 years.     

复位股骨大粗隆顶点骨折对PFNA治疗不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折预后的影响

目的评估应用股骨近端防旋髓内钉（PFNA）内固定治疗合并股骨大粗隆顶点局部骨折的不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折术中将股骨大粗隆顶点局部骨折复位对预后的影响。方法合并股骨大粗隆顶点局部骨折的不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折46例,股骨大粗隆顶点局部骨折复位固定26例（复位组）,未复位固定20例（未复位组）。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后第2天血红蛋白及白蛋白水平、骨折愈合时间、术后并发症及末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分。结果复位组较未复位组手术时间更长、术中出血量更多,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;但复位组在术后并发症及末次随访时髋关节的功能恢复方面明显优于未复位组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;而2组在骨折愈合时间、术后第2天血红蛋白及白蛋白水平方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论复位固定移位的股骨大粗隆顶点骨折能够提高PFNA主钉进针定位的准确性,降低股骨大粗隆外侧壁继发性骨折的发生率,改善术后髋关节功能,减少术后隐性出血量。     

高位结扎和皮内缝扎治疗原发大隐静脉曲张

目的 探索大隐静脉曲张的外科治疗方法.方法 总结分析56例大隐静脉曲张采用高位结扎加皮内缝扎法治疗及预后.结果 术后患肢疼痛轻,无1例皮下血肿,皮内缝合处无1例感染,术后早期有6例(10.7%)皮内缝合处疼痛较重,半个月后好转,有2例(3.34%)在皮内缝合处有小硬结,经热敷、理疗后消失.所有病人均随访1～6个月,无1例深静脉血栓形成.结论 该术式是一种疗效确切,并发症少的手术方式.     

非等量半随机对照研究原发性高血压病人24小时动态血压特征

采用美国出90207型动态血压监测系统以非等量半随机对照研究方法对33例血压正常者和59例原发性高血压病人进行24小时动态血压对比监测。结果高血压组的两次峰值血压出现时间比正常组提前并延长1～2小时,昼夜均值同24小时最高和最低值比较,其差值幅度均小于正常组。以Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、期高血压的峰值作对照时,峰值的出现和持续时间与高血压的严重程度呈正相关(P<0.05。     

基底动脉尖综合征36例临床分析

目的探讨基底动脉尖综合征（TOBS）的病因、临床表现、影像学特点及预后。方法回顾性分析36例TOBS患者的临床资料。结果TOBS的主要病因为脑栓塞及脑血栓形成,临床以意识障碍、眼球运动障碍、瞳孔改变为主要表现,磁共振成像发现中脑、丘脑、小脑、枕叶及颞叶内侧等多个部位存在梗死灶,脑疝及并发症为主要死亡原因。结论TOBS临床表现多样,及早诊断、积极治疗对预后至关重要。     

基底动脉尖综合征的危险因素、临床特征和30天转归

目的总结基底动脉尖综合征患者的危险因素、临床特点和30d时的治疗转归。方法回顾性分析我院诊断的18例TBS患者的临床资料及其30d时的治疗转归情况。结果具有2个以上主要危险因素的患者高达88．9％，常见为高龄[平均（64±9）岁]、原发性高血压（61．1％）、冠心病（55．6％）和糖尿病（50．0％）。患者均为急性或骤然起病，首发症状主要为眩晕、呕吐（38．9％）和头晕（27．8％）。高峰期时的神经系统症状主要为不同程度的意识障碍（100．0％）、四肢瘫痪（72．2％）、间断辅助呼吸（55．6％）、去大脑强直（33．3％）和二便潴留（100．0％）；18例患者均有复杂的眼征，其中出现2种眼征者61．1％、3种眼征者38．9％。治疗30d时死亡3例（16．7％），好转出院15例（84．4％）；15例幸存者的改良Barthel指数评分均小于75分，处于完全依赖到中度依赖状态。结论TBS患者的危险因素、临床表现有其特征性，而且本病致残率高、预后差。