环丙沙星治疗急性细菌性痢疾29例临床疗效观察

食源性急性菌例２９例中２８例大便培养为弗氏２ａ志贺氏菌。经２天吡哌酸加ＴＭＰ短程快速治疗，２９例无一例治愈。依据药敏试验改用环丙沙星治疗，其中１１例感染严重者先予静脉点滴，每１２小时２００ｍｇ，１￣２天，症状好转即改口服，每１２小时２５０ｍｇ。另１８例口服，疗程均为４天。用药后，平均退热时间１．３２天，大便次数恢复正常时间平均２．１０天，大便常规正常时间平均２．８６天，２８例大便培养阳性者，平均阴     

同时测定复方磺胺药各组分的卡尔曼滤波紫外分光光度法

研究了卡尔曼滤波紫外分光光度法测定复方新诺明片和增效联磺片中各组分的实验条件,结果复方新诺明片平均回收率分别为100.4±0.2%(SMZ)和100.4±0.5%(TMP);增效联磺片平均回收率分别为99.5±0.7%(SMZ)、100.8±0.6%(SD)和99.2±0.6%(TMP)。     

高效液相色谱法考察复方头孢氨苄胶囊的溶出度

采用反相高效液相色谱外标法,对复方头孢氨苄胶囊溶出度进行考察。方法：采用转篮法,以4％乙酸溶液为溶剂,转速为100r/min,时间为45min。色谱条件：C18反相谱柱为固定相,V（水）：V（甲醇）：V(3．86％乙酸钠溶液）：V(4％乙酸溶液）＝742：240：15：3为流动相,流速为1.2mL/min,紫外检测波长为254nm,在此条件下头孢氨苄淀两组分能很好地分离。本法的线性范围分别是头孢氨苄为：27．6－276μg/mL,甲氧苄啶为：5．56－ 55．6μg/mL,平均回收率为头孢氨苄：99．32％,RSD＝0．78％;甲氧苄啶：100．1％,RSD＝0．57％。     

金耳菌丝体多糖降血糖作用研究

目的:研究金耳菌丝体多糖(TMP)的降血糖作用,并对降糖机制进行初步探讨。方法:采用正常小鼠和四氧嘧啶诱导的高血糖大鼠模型,灌胃给药,监测血糖,测定肝糖原、乳酸及脂代谢相应指标。结果:腹腔注射75 mg/(kg·d)剂量的TMP 12 d可降低正常小鼠的血糖水平。以50、100、200 mg/(kg·d)三种剂量灌胃给药7 d,均可显著降低四氧嘧啶致高血糖大鼠的血糖水平,各剂量间无明显差异。连续给予100 mg/(kg·d)TMP 23 d,大鼠血糖得到控制,血糖和血清甘油三酯比对照组显著降低;肝糖原含量、血乳酸水平均与对照无明显差异。结论:TMP可有效降低糖尿病模型鼠的高血糖水平,对高血糖引发的高血脂有一定防护作用。     

内源性VEGF对TMP促进大鼠脊髓损伤修复的影响

目的观察VEGF对TMP治疗大鼠脊髓损伤的影响。方法实验大鼠随机分为假手术组、生理盐水组、 TMP组和TMP+Avastin组,观察术后8周脊髓损伤处VEGF、 vWF和IL-8表达,以及神经纤维再生、后肢运动功能。结果 TMP+Avastin组内源性VEGF表达减少,限制血管新生及炎性反应(P <0.05)。对于神经纤维再生及其后肢运动,TMP组优于生理盐水组(P <0.05), TMP+Avastin组的效果更优(P <0.05)。结论内源性VEGF阻碍了TMP对大鼠脊髓损伤的修复,Avastin通过降低炎性反应提高TMP治疗大鼠脊髓损伤的疗效,促进神经纤维再生及后肢运动功能恢复。     

川芎嗪注射液治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的临床疗效

目的分析川芎嗪注射液治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）患儿的近期临床疗效。方法选择我院的78例HIE患儿，随机分为川芎嗪注射液治疗组40例与对照组38例。对照组采用包括对症，支持，降颅内压，改善内环境等常规治疗；治疗组在常规治疗的基础上，加用川芎嗪注射液治疗，疗程10～14d。分别于治疗过程中观察患儿临床症状恢复情况。结果治疗组临床症状，前囟张力、意识障碍、肌张力、原始反射恢复时间及惊厥控制时间均短于对照组，且总有效率相差显著沪〈0．005）。结论HIE在常规治疗的基础上，早期应用川芎嗪注射液治疗，能缩短HIE的临床恢复时间，疗效显著，值得临床推广应用。     

Frequency of small-colony variants and antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in cystic fibrosis patients

Background

Small-colony variants (SCVs) are a distinct phenotype of Staphylococcus aureus, known for their role in chronic, difficult to treat infections, including cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. The goal of this study was to characterize SCV MRSA infection in an adult and pediatric CF population and to identify antibiotic susceptibility patterns unique to SCV MRSA.

Efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin oral suspension versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole oral suspension for treatment of older women with acute urinary tract infection

OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin (CIP) oral suspension to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) oral suspension among older women with acute urinary tract infections (UTIs). DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, open-label, multicenter study of older women (age 65 and older). SETTING: Community and nursing home. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 261 older women were evaluable for safety. Of these, 172 (86 community, 86 nursing home) were evaluable for clinical and bacteriological efficacy. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomized to a 10-day regimen of either CIP (250 mg/5 mL twice daily) or TMP/SMX (160/800 mg/20 mL twice daily). MEASUREMENTS: Clinical response 4 to 10 days posttherapy. RESULTS: For the efficacy-valid population, posttherapy clinical resolution was statistically superior following CIP (97%) versus TMP/SMX (85%) (95% CI=2.0-21.3; P= .009). Eradication of pretreatment bacterial isolates posttherapy was also higher following CIP (95%) versus TMP/SMX (84%) (95% CI=2.7-21.3; P= .019). For the intent-to-treat population, posttherapy clinical resolution was significantly higher in the CIP group (96%) than in the TMP/SMX group (87%) (95% CI=0.2-16.7; P= .025). Safety was assessed in the intent-to-treat population and the incidence of drug-related adverse events were significantly lower following CIP (17%) than following TMP/SMX (27%) (P= .047). Premature discontinuation due to these events was also less prevalent with CIP than with TMP/SMX (2% vs 11%, respectively) (P= .004). CONCLUSION: CIP suspension showed higher clinical success and bacteriological eradication rates than did TMP/SMX for both community-based and nursing home-residing older women with acute UTIs. Furthermore, CIP suspension was associated with significantly lower rates of adverse events and premature discontinuations compared with TMP/SMX suspension.     

Susceptibility of clinical Moraxella catarrhalis isolates in British Columbia to six empirically prescribed antibiotic agents

BACKGROUND:

Moraxella catarrhalis is a commensal organism of the respiratory tract that has emerged as an important pathogen for a variety of upper and lower respiratory tract infections including otitis media and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Susceptibility testing of M catarrhalis is not routinely performed in most diagnostic laboratories; rather, a comment predicting susceptibility based on the literature is attached to the report. The most recent Canadian report on M catarrhalis antimicrobial susceptibility was published in 2003; therefore, a new study at this time was of interest and importance.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the susceptibility of M catarrhalis isolates from British Columbia to amoxicillin-clavulanate, doxycycline, clarithromycin, cefuroxime, levofloxacin and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole.

METHODS:

A total of 117 clinical M catarrhalis isolates were isolated and tested from five Interior hospitals and two private laboratory centres in British Columbia between January and December 2012. Antibiotic susceptibility of M catarrhalis isolates was characterized using the Etest (E-strip; bioMérieux, USA) according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.

RESULTS:

All isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanate, doxycycline, clarithromycin, levofloxacin and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole. One isolate was intermediately resistant to cefuroxime, representing a 99.15% sensitivity rate to the cephem agent. Cefuroxime minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) inhibiting 50% and 90% of organisms (MIC50 and MIC90) were highest among the antibiotics tested, and the MIC90 (3 μg/mL) of cefuroxime reached the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute breakpoint of susceptibility.

DISCUSSION:

The antibiotic susceptibility of M catarrhalis isolates evaluated in the present study largely confirms the findings of previous surveillance studies performed in Canada. Cefuroxime MICs are in the high end of the sensitive range and the MIC50 and MIC90 observed in the present study are the highest ever reported in Canada.

CONCLUSION:

Although cefuroxime MICs in M catarrhalis are high, all agents tested showed antimicrobial activity, supporting their continued therapeutic and empirical use.     

盐酸川芎嗪在冷冻干燥工艺中的稳定性研究

目的 对盐酸川芎嗪在冻干制备工艺中的稳定性进行考察,为保障含有该成分的其他冻干粉针剂产品的质量提供依据。方法 采用HPLC法测定盐酸川芎嗪的量。色谱条件：流动相为甲醇-水（45：55）,体积流量为1.0 mL/min,柱温25℃,进样量10 μL,检测波长为295 nm。检测盐酸川芎嗪在升华干燥0、12、24、48 h后的含量变化。结果 盐酸川芎嗪在10.5~168 μg/mL内呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为Y=25.837X+10.669（R²=1）。此方法检测盐酸川芎嗪在升华干燥12 h后含量减少9%,24 h其含量减少40%以上,48 h几乎完全损失。结论 盐酸川芎嗪在冷冻干燥过程中随时间延长会因升华而使含量损失加重。