桑枝多糖基于YAP/ TAZ信号通路调控db/db小鼠肾纤维化作用的研究

目的研究桑枝多糖基于YAP/TAZ信号通路调控db/db小鼠肾纤维化作用的影响。方法将40只24周龄自发型2型糖尿病db/db小鼠随机分为模型组、缬沙坦组(20mg/kg)、桑枝多糖低剂量组(600mg/kg)、桑枝多糖高剂量组(1200mg/kg),每组10只,日常进行高脂饮食喂养,连续灌胃相应药物60天,每天1次。另将10只db/m小鼠为空白组,日常进行普通饲料喂养,模型组与空白组小鼠灌胃等体积生理盐水60天。给药第60天采集小鼠尿液,测量尿量及终点法测24h尿白蛋白(UP)含量。全自动生化分析仪测定小鼠血清肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)含量。末次给药后,小鼠禁食不禁水12h,测其空腹血糖(FBG)。HE染色观察小鼠肾组织病理学变化。采用ELISA法检测肾组织纤维化指标TGF-β1、纤连蛋白(FN)、结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)、胶原Ⅰ型(CollagenⅠ)含量及炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、趋化因子单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)含量。Western blot法检测肾组织Yes相关蛋白(YAP)、TAZ蛋白表达。结果与模型组比较,桑枝多糖低、高剂量组小鼠Scr[(0.39±0.09)mg/dL、(0.32±0.07)mg/dL比(0.62±012)mg/dL]、BUN[(25.75±4.75)mg/dL、(20.62±3.68)mg/dL比(39.18±4.63)mg/dL]、UP[(3.45±0.42)mg/24h、(2.76±0.47)mg/24h比(6.38±2.03)mg/24h]含量显著降低(P均0.05);纤维化指标TGF-β1[(3.76±0.52)ng/mL、(2.53±0.38)ng/mL比(4.98±1.17)ng/mL]、FN [(5.29±1.13)ng/mL、(4.47±1.02)ng/mL比(6.13±1.07)ng/mL]、CTGF [(14.52±1.22)ng/mL、(11.24±0.87)ng/mL比(17.52±1.26)ng/mL]、CollagenⅠ[(10.93±0.85)ng/mL、(8.14±0.76)ng/mL比(14.81±1.34)ng/mL]及炎症因子TNF-α[(87.25±7.81)ng/L、(78.66±6.36)ng/L比(134.82±8.90)ng/L]、IL-6 [(34.72±3.35)ng/L、(21.16±2.51)ng/L比(58.65±5.71)ng/mL]、MCP-1[(0.38±0.04)ng/L、(0.29±0.06)ng/L比(0.51±0.05)ng/L]含量明显减少(P均0.05),YAP[(0.48±0.06)、(0.31±0.05)比(0.53±0.11)]、TAZ[(0.31±0.04)、(0.21±0.03)比(0.37±0.05)]蛋白表达显著降低(P均0.05)。结论桑枝多糖对db/db小鼠糖尿病肾病的肾纤维化有一定的保护作用,其作用机制可能与调节YAP/TAZ信号通路,降低肾脏组织纤维化因子形成及减少炎症因子含量有关。     

The Hippo pathway: Horizons for innovative treatments of peripheral nerve diseases

Initially identified in Drosophila, the Hippo signaling pathway regulates how cells respond to their environment by controlling proliferation, migration and differentiation. Many recent studies have focused on characterizing Hippo pathway function and regulation in mammalian cells. Here, we present a brief overview of the major components of the Hippo pathway, as well as their regulation and function. We comprehensively review the studies that have contributed to our understanding of the Hippo pathway in the function of the peripheral nervous system and in peripheral nerve diseases. Finally, we discuss innovative approaches that aim to modulate Hippo pathway components in diseases of the peripheral nervous system.     

Stochastic non-enzymatic modification of long-lived macromolecules - A missing hallmark of aging

Damage accumulation in long-living macromolecules (especially extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, nuclear pore complex (NPC) proteins, and histones) is a missing hallmark of aging. Stochastic non-enzymatic modifications of ECM trigger cellular senescence as well as many other hallmarks of aging affect organ barriers integrity and drive tissue fibrosis. The importance of it for aging makes it a key target for interventions. The most promising of them can be AGE inhibitors (chelators, O-acetyl group or transglycating activity compounds, amadorins and amadoriases), glucosepane breakers, stimulators of elastogenesis, and RAGE antagonists.     

Emerging Insights Into the Role of the Hippo Pathway in Multiple Myeloma and Associated Bone Disease

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma-cell dyscrasia with numerous treatment options currently available; however, drug resistance is usually inevitable, so there is a constant need for novel treatment approaches. The Hippo pathway has emerged as an important mediator of oncogenesis in solid tumors. More recently, its key role in regulating apoptosis and mediating resistance in MM and other hematologic malignancies has been demonstrated in preclinical studies, which provides a strong basis for further clinical investigation. The Hippo pathway is also implicated in the pathogenesis of MM-induced bone disease, as it regulates both osteoblast and osteoclast function. We provide an overview of the available data regarding the role of the Hippo signaling components in the pathophysiology of MM. A better understanding of the underlying interactions at the molecular and cellular levels will lead to novel and promising treatment approaches.     

Hippo信号通路与肾病

Hippo信号通路是近年来备受关注的一条调节器官生长和组织大小的重要信号通路,其已被证实在肿瘤的发生、发展中发挥重要作用.目前Hippo信号通路与肾病的相关性研究仍处于起步阶段.在急性肾损伤(acute renal injury,AKI)方面,Hippo信号通路可能参与小管上皮细胞的凋亡、上皮-间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)以及AKI进展至慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)等多个环节.此外,Hippo信号通路还参与多种慢性肾脏病,包括局灶节段性肾小球硬化症、糖尿病肾病、多囊肾等的发生和疾病进展.     

TAZ/WWTR1影响肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的侵袭、迁移能力

目的 探讨转录共激活子TAZ/WWTR1对肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721侵袭、迁移的影响,为寻找原发性肝细胞癌的防治提供理论基础.方法 TAZ基因靶向干扰RNA的设计合成:从TAZ的信使RNA(mRNA)中挑选出合适的siRNA靶点序列作为候选,序列通过基因BLAST,得出三对siRNA;TAZ过表达质粒的构建:从SMMC-7721细胞中提取TAZ基因,使用pCMV5-HA为载体构建人TAZ过表达质粒;细胞转染:以LipofectaminTM2000为载体,将TAZ siRNAs转入SMMC-7721细胞中,应用实时RT-PCR和Western blotting检测TAZ的表达情况,筛选出于扰效果最佳的siRNA,并进一步比较转染了TAZ siRNA组与转染了阴性对照组的SMMC-7721细胞侵袭、迁移能力的变化;构建稳定过表达TAZ基因的人肝癌细胞(SMMC-7721)系:用LipofectaminTM2000将TAZ过表达质粒转染入SMMC-7721细胞中,使用G418筛选出稳定高表达TAZ的细胞系,应用Transwell侵袭实验观测TAZ稳定过表达的SMMC-7721细胞的侵袭、迁移能力.结果 三对siRNA均可使TAZ表达下调,其中siRNA-1效果最佳;与阴性对照组相比,转染了TAZ siRNA-1的SMMC-7721细胞的侵袭、迁移能力下降;经过鉴定确定为稳定过表达TAZ的SMMC-7721细胞的侵袭、迁移能力相比于阴性对照组显著升高.结论 本研究通过靶向干扰和稳定过表达TAZ基因的方法证实TAZ能够影响人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721的侵袭、迁移能力,为揭示原发性肝癌恶性转移的发病甚至启动机制提供一个崭新思路.